Ukulingana, iiNgeniso eziHlomelo kunye neMali yeeMali zeMalike
Abanini-zimali abaninzi baya kutyundela iipotfoliyo zabo ngokuquka ukuxuba kwabathathu.
Equity Fund
Iimali ze-Stock, ezibizwa ngokuba yimali yokulingana (ukutyalomali ekuthengiseni esidlangalaleni ngokuchasene neenkampani ezizimeleyo), zizona zintathu zincinci, kunye nexabiso lawo ngokukhawuleza likhuphuka kwaye liwela ngokukhawuleza ixesha elifutshane.
Kodwa iimpahla zembali ziye zenza ngcono ngaphezu kwexesha elide kunezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali. Kungenxa yokuba izitokhwe zithengiswa ngokulindela ukuba iziphumo zekamva zekhampani ziza kubandakanya isabelo semarike esandisiweyo, iimali ezinkulu kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu. Zonke ezo zinokwandisa ixabiso lesabelo sabanikazi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amasheya ayahlengahlengiswa ngenxa yovavanyo lwabatyalomali neemeko zabo kunye neempembelelo zabo kwiimpatho zenkampani. Abatyalomali abanoxanduva kuluntu nabo banomnye umngcipheko wokufumana imali efana nokuchasana neentlawulo okanye izigwebo zokungcola uqoqosho okanye ukubandlulula abasebenzi abathile.
Imali yonke ye-stock ayikho enye. Ezinye iimali eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Iimali zokukhula, ezinika ithuba lokuxabisa elikhulu kodwa zingenakho ukuhlawula isahlulelo esiqhelekileyo.
- Iimali zentlawulo ezityalwe kwiisitokethi ezihlawula izabelo eziqhelekileyo.
- Iimali zee-Index, ezama ukubonakalisa ukusebenza kwenkcazo ethile yemakethe, njengeS & P 500 Composite Stock Price Index.
- Iimali zeCandelo ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile zoshishino, ezifana nezemali, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okanye iteknoloji
IiFund Income Fund
Iimali zeBond, ezaziwa ngokuba yimali engenayo , ukutyalomali kwityala lequmrhu kunye nekarhulumente ngenjongo yokubonelela ngeniso ngemali yentlawulo. Iimali zeBond zihlala zifakwe kwiphothifoliyo ukwenzela ukukhulisa i-return totals, ngokubonelela ngemali engenayo xa imali ye-stock stock ilahlekelwa yixabiso.
Njengoko iimali zentengo zinokucwangciswa ngamacandelo, iinjongo zeekhonkco nazo ziyahlula. Bangakwazi ukubeka umngcipheko ukusuka kumgangatho ophantsi, njengesibophelelo seSebe leNondyebo e-US, ukuba kube yingozi kakhulu kwindlela yokukhupha i-high-yield okanye i-bonds ye-junk, enexabiso elincinci le-credit-based bonds.
Nangona zihlala zikhuselekileyo kuneengxowa ze-stock, iibhanki zemali zijongene nezingozi zabo ezibandakanya:
- Ubunokwenzeka ukuba umkhupheli weebhanki, ezinjengeenkampani okanye oomasipala, angakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala abo.
- Ithuba lokuba amazinga omdla aya kuphakama, okubangela ukuba ixabiso leebhondi liyehla
- Inokwenzeka ukuba ibhondi iya kuhlawulwa kwangethuba. Xa oko kwenzeka kwiimali ezibophelelweyo kukho ithuba lokuba umphathi angeke akwazi ukubuyisela imali kwimpahla kwenye into ehlawula njengento ephezulu yokubuyisela.
Iimali zeMarike zeMali
Iimali zeemarike zemali zinobungozi obuphantsi, ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iimbundana kunye nezinye iityalo-mali. Ngokomthetho, banqunyelwe ukutyalo-mali kuphela kumgangatho othile ophezulu, utyalo-mali olufutshane olukhutshwe nguRhulumente wase-US, iinkampani zase-US kunye noorhulumente baseburhulumenteni kunye noluntu.
Iimali zeemarike zemali zizama ukugcina "ixabiso lawo lexabiso" (i-NAV) - elithetha ukubaluleka kwesabelo esisodwa kwingxowa-mali.
Kodwa i-NAV ingawela phantsi kwe-$ 1 ukuba utyalo-mali lwentlawulo luqhuba kakubi.
Ngokomlando ukubuyiswa kweemali zemarike zemali kuye kwaphantsi kunokuba kukho ikhonkco okanye iimali ze-stock, ezishiye zisengozini ekukhuphukeni kwamanani emali. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba imali yeemarike zemali ihlawule isamba esiqinisekileyo sama-3 ekhulwini, kodwa ngelixesha lokutshala imali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphakama ngamaphesenti angama-4, inani lexabiso lomali-mali liza kuphawulwa yi-1 pesenti.
Ngexesha leNkqubela yeMali ye-Global, enye yeengxakini ezinkulu kunokungaphumeleli kwimali yemarike yemali, kodwa ezo nkxalabo ziye zaphela kwiminyaka yamuva.
ZeNgxowa-mali
Iingxowa-mali zombini kunye nezibophelelo ziyakwazi ngokukodwa kwiinkampani zasekhaya (i-US iinkampani kubafundi abafumaneka e-United States) okanye kumazwe ngamazwe.
Olunye uluhlu lwemali yamazwe ngamazwe lufumaneka apha.
Ulwahlulo lwehlabathi jikelele lunokungathi lubaluleke ngaphezu kokungafani phakathi kokulingana, imali engenayo engenayo kunye neemali zeemarike, ngokukodwa kunikwe ukuhla kwehla kwexabiso lemarike yase-US. Amanye amazwe angaphinde abuyele phambili, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kwemali yangaphandle kunye neyekhaya kungabakho isicwangciso esihle sokuqwalasela.
I-ETFs (okanye iifowuni-ezixhaswa ngemali-mali) nazo ziyinxalenye ekhulayo yokukhetha utyalo-mali-intengiso-ezi ziinguqulelo zentengiso ngokwazo kwaye zihlanganisa zonke iinkalo ezingentla nangaphezulu.