Indlela yokutshabalalisa i-Market Incerging Market
Kweneke ntoni?
Xa u-Dilma Rousseff waba ngumbongameli ngo-2011, wandisa imali. Wayephakamisa umvuzo omncinci kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba ibhanki eqhutywe ngurhulumente ukuboleka ngaphezulu. Ngelo xesha, ibhanki ephakathi yanciphisa izinga lokunciphisa ukusuka kwi-11.5% ukuya kuma-7.25 ekhulwini. Oku kwabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, apho uRousseff yahlakulela ngokunciphisa irhafu yentengiso kunye nokunciphisa amaxabiso ekutya, i-petroli, kunye neendleko zebhasi.
Ulawulo lwexabiso lulimaza inzuzo yenkampani yeoli yombuso, i-Petrobras, kwaye ikhuphisana ngokungafanelekanga ngokubhekiselele ekuveliseni i-ethanol yaseBrazil. Iinkokheli zezorhwebo zinciphisa utyalo-mali ekujongene nokungenelela karhulumente. Oku kwagqitywa nje ngeengxaki kwiinyuvesi zikaRhulumente zeprojekthi nezendlela zendlela. Ukungenelela okuqhubekayo kumashishini kagesi kunye neebhanki kwandisa imeko yezoqoqosho.
Ndiyabulela kule nkqubo yokwandisa imali kunye nemali yemali , ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphelile umvuzo osandula ukuphakanyiswa.
Ngenxa yoko, abathengi banciphisa imali yabo. Ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ibhanki ephakamileyo iphakanyise amazinga omdla ngo-2012, ukusuka kwi-7.5% ukuya kuma-8 ekhulwini. Olu luhlobo olufanayo lomgaqo-mali we-stop-go ohlangeneyo kunye nokulawulwa kwexabiso lomvuzo owabangela ukuba i-US stagflation kwiminyaka yee-1970.
Ngo-2015, amaxabiso eoli awela njengoko idola liqiniswa.
I-oyile yi-Brazil eyona mveliso ephambili. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani zaseBrazil zinciphisa umveliso nemisebenzi. Ixabiso lemali yaseBrazil, eyinyani, yawa. Amanani athile aphakanyisiweyo aphakanyiswayo ngamazwe angeniswayo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngenyanga ka-Agasti 2016, uRousseff wayengekho. Wayegwetywa ngokuthutha imali phakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Indlela uLula eyomeleza ngayo uqoqosho lweBrazil
Uwayengumongameli Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke njengeLula, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni umnotho waseBrazil. Ungunyana wabasebenzi abangafundanga basefama. Waba yinkokheli yomanyano owayemelele kubalawuli bamajoni baseBrazil. ULula wanceda ukwakha iqela lasekhohlo elaseBrazil iminyaka engaphezu kwe-13.
Xa ukhethwa ngo-2002, uMongameli uLula wenza ukukhula koqoqosho oluphambili. Wakhuthaza uqoqosho ngokunyusa iindleko zikaRhulumente , ukubonelela ngemisebenzi karhulumente kumgangatho ophakathi, nokuphuhlisa imithombo yobutyebi baseBrazil. Ngo-2006, wanqoba kwakhona ukhetho oluchasene nomnye owayengumGunyathi waseSo Paulo uGeraldo Alckmin ekunqobeni komhlaba, ipesenti ezingama-61 ukuya kuma-39 ekhulwini.
Kwihambo elingaqhelekanga kwilizwe laseLatin America, iBrazil yahlawula ityala layo kwiNgxowa- mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Intlawulo yokugqibela yaseBrazil ye-$ 15.46 yezigidigidi yenziwa ngoDisemba 2005.
Iimali zavela kwiindawo zokugcina imali zeBrazil ezingama-66.7 zamawaka ezigidi.
ULula wenza uqeqesho olusisiseko lwezoqoqosho olwalunceda ekumelana neengxaki zemali zika - 2008 . Ngo-2007, ukukhula koqoqosho kweBrazil kwakungama-5.4 ekhulwini. Ixabiso lemali liye lafika kuma-3.6 ekhulwini kwaye i- akhawunti ye-akhawunti yangoku ikhuphuke ibe yi-3.6 trillion. Ngenxa yoko, amaBrazil anemali engaphezulu yokuchitha indlu. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, abatyali-mali abaninzi bavuma ukuba iBrazil iyona yomeleleyo yezona ziqoqosho ezine ezikhulayo . I-BRIC isicaciso seBrazil, iRashiya, i- Indiya kunye neChina .
Ukongezelela, imarike yendawo yokuhlala yangaphakathi yaphindwa kabini phakathi kuka-2003 no-2008. Oku kuncedwa ngokudalwa kwemarike yendawo yokuhlala. Ngethamsanqa, le nto ayizange ifumaneke kwixesha elifanayo njengelo le-United States. Kungenxa yokuba iibhanki zaseBrazil zaqhubeka zibambe iimali zokuthenga imali kwaye azizange zithengise kwimarike yesibini.
Ngelo xesha, inzala yenzalo yehla ukusuka kuma-16 ekhulwini, ixesha lokuboleka imali lakhula liye lafikelela kwiminyaka engama-30, kwaye umvuzo wanda. Nangona ama-70 ekhulwini aseBrazil aphethwe ngamakhaya abo, amaninzi ayenobulunga obuphantsi, anika abanini-mhlaba ubulungisa kunye nomnqweno wokufudukela kwiipropati ezingcono.
ULula ugxekwa ngabaninzi. Bathi amaninzi eenzuzo zezoqoqosho zaseBrazil aya kwiiklasi eziphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweLula kwandisa ezinye iimeko ezingundoqo zezoqoqosho. Icandelo likarhulumente kufuneka lihlanjululwe ukuvumela ukuba amatyala kawonkewonke ahlawule ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iinkonzo. Imfundo iyafuneka ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye ihanjiswe ngokulinganayo.
Ngo-2018, uLula wagwetywa iminyaka engama-13 entolongweni kwiirhafu zenkohlakalo. NgoJulayi ngo-2017, watholwa enetyala lokwamkela igumbi elwandle ngokubuyela kwiikontraka zanikezelwa kwinkampani yokwakha, i-OAS Yayinxalenye yophando olunzulu kuLava Jato owagweba abantu abayi-120.
Impembelelo yeBrazil kwi-Economics yase-US
IBrazil yimbutho yezopolitiko eLatin America. Yikhokelela ekudalweni kweMercosur, i- Banco del Sur , kunye neQela lama-20 okanye i- G-20 yokubambisana emele iinjongo zelizwe. Ilizwe elikhokelayo kwi-Free Trade Area yaseMerika. Kodwa yachasana nesivumelwano xa uLula eba nguMongameli.
Ngenxa yendima yayo yobunkokeli, iBrazil idibana rhoqo kwiiseshoni zokusebenza kunye ne-United States ngokurhweba kunye neminye imiba. Iyaqhubeka ichukumisa bonke abaseMzantsi Melika ukuba babe yi-US-more, ngokuchasene ne-anti-US senti yaseVenezuela naseBolivia. Zonke ezi zichazwe kwiiwebhusayithi ze-IMF, Voice of America kunye neSebe likaRhulumente.
Brazil Quick Facts
- Idluliselwe yiPortugal iminyaka engama-300, iBrazil yaba yindawo ezimeleyo. Umbuso wamajoni wabusa ilizwe ukususela ngo-1822 ukuya ku-1985. Ngo-1985, yaba yintando yesininzi.
- Ubuncinci kuphela ubuncinci obungaphezulu kweUnited States, lizwe elikhulu eMzantsi Melika. Unqamle wonke amazwe kwilizwekazi ngaphandle kweChile ne-Ecuador.
- Unabantu abayizigidi ezingama-207, ama-63 ekhulwini e-United States.
- Umkhiqizo wayo wekhaya wasekhaya ulahlekile ukusuka kwi-$ 16,200 ngo-2015. Kwakuyi-15 500 yezigidi ngo-2017.