Iindleko zempilo yononophelo sele zibiza kakhulu kwiindlu ezininzi. Njengoko umhlalaphantsi usondela, umbono awufumani ngcono.
Enyanisweni, ngokuvumelana nokunyaniseka kubini isibini sinokulindela ukuchitha i-$ 275,000 kwiindleko zonyango kwimpilo yabo yomhlalaphantsi. Olu nani lisekelwe kuqikelelo lwango-2017 kwaye lubonisa ukwanda kweepesenti ezingama-6 ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo (i-$ 260,000 ngo-2016).
Ingxaki ngala manani oqikelelo kukuba zisekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlala-phantsi engama-65. Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uhlala phantsi? Njengoko unokulindela, ukuhlala phantsi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65 kunokunyusa ngokunyanisekileyo iindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Ingakanani iindleko zakho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo eziya kukhula ziza kunyuka xa uhlala phantsi ngaphambi kokufaneleka kukaMedare kwi-65 ubudala? Unokulinganisela iindleko zakho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo usebenzisa le calculator ehlinzekwe ngu-AARP:
I-AARP yeNtlawulo yeeNkcitho zeMpilo
Kuphi ukufumana uMgangatho weNgcaciso yeMpilo
Ucwangciso lwe-inshorensi yezempilo oluyimfuneko kuyimfuneko ukuzama nokugcina iindleko zakho zonyango ngokuphantsi. Ukuphonononga iinketho zakho ze-inshorensi zempilo kuya kukunceda uqhubele phambili ngokuzithemba ngezicwangciso zakho zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngokwemiqathango yakho.
Nazi iindlela ze-inshorensi zempilo kubasebenzi abamkelayo inkqubo yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kwangaphambili:
Fumana i-cover ngeqhinga lezempilo elixhaswe ngumqeshi. Ukuba iqabane lakho lisasebenza kwaye lilungele ukukhutshwa kwe-inshorensi yempilo kumqeshi wabo, inkqubo yokufumana ipolisi yomshuwalense yenkxaso-mali ingaba isisombululo esilula.
Oku kungenxa yokuba nanini na xa iqabane lilahlekelwa ngumshuwalense wezempilo emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangaphambili oko kubonwa njengesiganeko esifanelekileyo ngenjongo yokongezwa kwisicwangciso esele sikhona. Qinisekisa ukuba uqale inkqubo yokuxubusha iinketho zakho zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngokukhawuleza ukuba unokutshata ukuze ukwazi ukulungelelanisa ixesha xa ushiya abasebenzi.
Fumana iingcaphuno zokusasaza kwiindawo zemarike yangasese. Ukuba unempilweni, kufuneka uhlaziye iinketho zakho kwiindawo zemarike yangasese. Ngaphambili umhla wokuqalisa umhlalaphantsi wakho, umkhulu amathuba okuza kukunceda ukuba uthengise nge-inshurensi yamalungelo. Indawo yangaphandle yemashishini yomshuwalense inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokukhawulela. Kodwa izicwangciso zeeinshorensi zempilo zentsapho kunye nezomntu ziphela zizakuhlawula imali eninzi. Oko kuthethwa, akukhathazi ukuba ukhangele kwiinkqubo zomshuwalense yabucala uze uthenge ngeenxa zonke.
Unokuqalisa ukuqhathanisa izicwangciso zomshuwalense kunye namaxabiso ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuthengisa emakethe. Eminye imizekelo yeziza ezincedo ziquka i-ehealthinsurance.com kunye ne-gohealthinsurance.com. Olunye ukhetho olukhuthazwa luquka ukusebenzisana ngqo nomthengisi we-inshurensi. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba xa ugqiba ukugqiba isigqibo sokufumana i-inshorensi yempilo phantsi kwe-COBRA okanye uMthetho ojongene noNonophelo ongenakunqwenelekayo, kusengokucetyiswa ukuba uthengise uze uthelekise iindleko ze-premium kunye neendleko zokukhawuleza.
Hlola okukhethwa kwenkcazo phantsi koMthetho wokuNakekelwa ongenakuncedo (ACA). Xa ulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wakho wokubonelela ngomqeshi, uthathwa njengesiganeko esifanelekileyo ngenjongo yokufumana ingxelo phantsi kwe-ACA. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufumana ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kwexesha eliqhelekileyo lokubhalisa. Ukuqala kwabathathe umhlala-phantsi, oku kubalulekile ngenxa yokuba iinkxaso-mali ezixhaswe ngemali zifumaneka phantsi koMthetho wokuNakekelwa ongenakuncedo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa semali yakho entsha yemali engenayo emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kwangaphambili unako ukufumana inkxaso yenkxaso-mboleko ye-inshorensi. Ezi zenkxaso zixhomekeke kwingeniso yakho epheleleyo ehlengahlengisiweyo kunyaka umgaqo-nkqubo usasebenza. Ungaqala ukuthelekisa iinketho zomgaqo-nkqubo kwimeko yakho kwi-HealthCare.gov. Unokuqikelela ukuba uya kulungelelaniswa neengeniso ezisekelwe kwingeniso usebenzisa i-Calculatorplaceplaceplace Marketplace calculator efumaneka kwi-Kaiser Family Foundation.
Hlola nomqeshi wakho wangoku okanye wangaphambili ukuba ubone ukuba uyakufanelekela ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi wempilo. Isabelo sabathathe umhlala-phantsi ogqitywe ngumshuwalense wezempilo oqeshwe ngumqeshi siye sayeka kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulayo. Ngokutsho kwe-Kaiser Foundation kuphela kuma-16 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini kwabathathe umhlala-phantsi abaye bafumana inkxaso-mboleko ye-Medicare. Ukuba uthabatha umhlala-mali we-inshorensi yezempilo, qi ni sekise ukuba ubeke ingqalelo imihla yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zeeminyaka zokufaneleka. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukufumanisa indlela ezo zinzuzo ziguquka ngayo xa uneminyaka yobudala.
Sebenzisa i-COBRA ukugcina igalelo leqela kwiinyanga ezili-18. Xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi ungakhetha ukuqhubela phambili iqela lakho eliphantsi kweCOBRA kwiinyanga ezili-18. Kodwa ii-premiums zakho ziya kukwanda ngokukhawuleza ekubeni ngoku uya kuhlawula i-premium ngokwakho. Enye into eya kuba yinto enokuthi uyifake umhlala-phantsi we-health plan ekhoyo ukuze uhlawule iindleko ukuba unokufikelela kwisicwangciso sezempilo esishiye umhlalaphantsi. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukuba unayo i-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo, ungasebenzisa imali evela kwi-HSA ukuhlawula iiprimiyamu ze-inshorensi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngoncedo lwe-COBRA. Inzuzo yokukhetha ukukhutshwa kwe-COBRA kukuba i-inshorensi yakho kwaye awuyi kuguqula ababoneleli. Ingcipheko kukuba ngoku ulahlekelwa ngumxhaso ophantsi komqeshi kwaye uya kuhlawula iindleko zonke ze-premium yakho ye-inshorensi yempilo.
Kwimeko apho unemeko esele ikhona kwaye uza kuhlala phantsi kweenyanga ezili-18 zokuguquka kwe-65, i-COBRA inokuphela ibe yindlela enokukhetha ngayo ngeli xesha lokungaqiniseki. Nangethuba uqhubeka uhlawula iipriyamu zakho, uya kukwazi ukugcina uncedo kuze kube yilapho ufanelekile kwi-Medicare. Ukuba awunayo imeko esele ikhona, ukhetha i-COBRA iya kukunika ixesha elongezelelweyo ukufumana amanyathelo akho alandelayo kwi-inshurensi. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba iindleko ezingaphantsi kwezibonelelo ziya kufunyanwa xa ufumana ukunika ingxelo phantsi kwe-ACA.
Funa umsebenzi wesikhathi esinika ithuba lokufikelela kwi-inshorensi yempilo. Abanye abaqeshi banomdla kunabanye kwiSebe leenzuzo. Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi wengqesho ngexesha lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, unako ukuvelisa umvuzo ongezelelweyo xa ufumana inshuwalense yezempilo. Unokuthi ufanele uhlawule yonke into okanye ubuninzi beendleko ze-inshorensi yakho yempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso seqela unako ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Khangela ukujonga ukuba ngabaqeshi abanokuhlala kwindawo yakho banikezela i-inshurensi yonakekelo lwempilo kubasebenzi bexesha elilodwa.
Iindlela zokuLawula iindleko zakho zokuNakekelwa kwezeMpilo zeKamva
Nazi ezinye izinto oza kuziqwalasela eziya kukunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zonyango lwezempilo kwi-pocket:
Yisebenzise i-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo ngelixa usasebenza. Ukuba uhlanganiswe phantsi kwesicwangciso esiphezulu sezempilo, ungasindisa iindleko zonyango lwexesha elizayo kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo (HSA). Iingxelo zokulondolozwa kwempilo zinenzuzo kakhulu kuba zinikezela ukuxolelwa kweentlawulo ezintathu. Imali oyifakayo kwi-HSAs iyanciphisa i-engenayo yerhafu yakho yangoku, ikhula i-tax-backerred, kwaye iphuma kwi-akhawunti yakho engenakho irhafu ngaphandle kokuba uyisebenzise iindleko ezihlobene nezempilo.
Ukuphuhlisa imikhuba yempilo eya kunceda ngaphambi nangemva kokufikelela kumhlala phantsi. Ukuphepha iingxaki zengxaki ezifana nokutshaya nokunyanya kunokukunceda ukuba ugweme ukuhlala endleleni eya kwiindleko ezikhoyo zangoku kunye nezayo. Kubalulekile nokuba ngumguli owaziyo. Ngokubhekiselele kubanikezeli bezempilo kubanikezeli be-EdLogics, ugxininiso kwimfundo kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwe-50 zeendleko eziphezulu kuquka izifo zesifo, isifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sikashukela siya kunceda abantu ukuba bathathe amanyathelo kwaye baphucule impilo yabo yonke nenhlalakahle. Ucwaningo lweBhanki yaseMerika Merrill Lynch lubonise ukuba phantse i-sibini yesithathu ayilondolozi kakhulu kwizicwangciso zabo zomhlalaphantsi emsebenzini ngenxa yeendleko zonyango. Imikhwa yempilo ye-Smart inokukunceda ukugcina iindleko zakho eziphantsi ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi. Kodwa indlela yokuphila enempilo inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokukwakha iqanda elikhulu lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
Yakha isicwangciso-mali sokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ukudala uqikelelo lwe-ballpark lweemfuno zakho zokuphila neendleko kunye nokufuna kunokukunceda uhlole ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zakho zokufumana umhlalaphantsi kwiidola zamhlanje. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa uhlola impembelelo yeendleko ezahlukeneyo ezinokutshintsha xa ushiya umsebenzi wakho (ii-premium ze-inshurensi yezempilo, ukuhamba, njl.).
Ukwandisa iCash Reserves yakho. Abaninzi bamacwangcisi bemali batusa ukugcina ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zeendleko zokuhlala kwi-engxowa-mali engxamisekileyo. Ukuba uhlala umhlala-phantsi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufanele uqikelele ukugcina okungaphezulu kwalolu hlobo lwe-ballpark estimation. Ukwakhiwa kwexesha elincinci lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwiinkcukacha ezifana ne-akhawunti yokulondoloza, ukukhangela umdla, imali yemakethi yemali, ii-CDs ezifutshane okanye ii-Bills-Bills zingakunceda ufumane iindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezingaphezulu kwe-pocket. Olu londolozo olongezelelweyo lunokukunceda ekugcineni imali engenayo engenayo engenayo. Iinkxaso-mali zinshorensi yezempilo zisekelwe kwingxowa-mali engaguqukiyo ehlawulweyo yonyaka ofuna ukufikelela kuyo.
Sebenzisa iindlela zokucwangcisa iirhafu ze-smart income ukuze ugcine i-premium iindleko eziphantsi. Kungenokwenzeka ukuba awuyi kukhishwa umhlalaphantsi ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuseka isicwangciso sengeniso esisisiseko. Ngokufanayo, kufuneka ube nesicwangciso serhafu esisisiseko sokukunceda ukuba ufumane iindlela zokwenza umvuzo wakho womhlalaphantsi ngendlela ekhethileyo yerhafu. Kubafundi bokuqala baxhomekeke ekuqinisekiseni ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekisiwe kwiindawo zokuthengisa zonyango, ukucwangcisa irhafu kunokukunceda ukunciphisa iiprimiyam. Imali engenayo irhafu kwiRoth 401 (k), iRoth IRA, okanye i-HSA ingaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso sakho sentela. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, inkxaso-mali yomshuwalense ye-ACA ingeniso esekelwe kunyaka-mali we-premium. Ukucwangciswa kwentlawulo efanelekileyo kunokukunceda uhlangabezane neenjongo zeendleko zendlela yokuphila ngenkqubela ukunciphisa iindleko ze-inshorensi yezempilo.
Jonga eli nqaku ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga nokufumana i-inshorensi yempilo xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi.