Iimiselo zeeRhafu zokuLawula ziya kukunceda uLawule imali yakho ekuhlaleni
Ufuna iholo lomhlalaphantsi. Umbuzo yimalini umele uyenze ngonyaka? Ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuchitheli phantsi iakhawunti zakho ngokukhawuleza. Impendulo ichongiwe ngokubala inani lokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo .
Isilinganiso sokurhoxisa ngokukhuselekileyo yinxalenye eqikelelwayo yemali onokuyihoxisa utyalo-mali ngamnye kunyaka xa ushiya umgaqo okwaneleyo ukuba imali igcine ubomi bakho bonke - nokuba ngaba uthatha umhlalaphantsi ngexesha apho uqoqosho kunye / okanye imarike ye-stock ukwenza kakuhle.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uchitha i-$ 4,000 nganye kwii-100,000 zamaRandi eziyi-100,000 otyalomalileyo, uya kuba nekota yokuqala yokuhoxisa ama-4 ekhulwini. Ukubala kweMveli kuthi le nqanaba yokurhoxisa lilungile; unokuchitha imali engama-4 ekhulwini lotyalo-mali ngamnye kunyaka kwaye cishe akunakuphelelwa yimali.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukuhoxisa ngakumbi, kukho imigaqo emithandathu ongayilandela yona eya kukunika ithuba elikhulu lokunyusa umvuzo wakho womhlalaphantsi. Ukuba uyayilandela le mithetho unako ukufumana isantya sokurhoxisa esiphakamileyo njengama-6-7 kweepesenti yexabiso lakho lokuqala le-portfolio, oku kuthetha ukuba unako ukurhoxisa i-$ 6,000- $ 7,000 ngonyaka, i-$ 100,000 oyi-investments. Oku akuyona into eqinisekileyo. Ukuba uya kusebenzisa le mithetho, kufuneka uguquguquke; ukuba izinto azihambeli kakuhle, unokwenza uhlengahlengiso kwaye uthathe ngaphantsi kwexesha.
Imithetho emithathu yokuKhutshwa
Iphothifoliyo yakho iya kunika izinga eliphezulu lokurhoxisa xa ixabiso lemarike linomlinganiselo ophantsi kumlinganiselo wokufumana imali .
Ixabiso lokufumana isilinganiso somvuzo (i-P / E ratio) isixhobo esingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukubuyela kwexesha elizayo (i-15+ iminyaka).
Nceda uqaphele: akuyisebenzisi kakhulu ekuqikeleleni ukubuya kweemveliso zexeshana zexeshana.
Ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi, umlinganiselo we-P / E wemakethi unokusetyenziswa ekuqaliseni izinga lokuqala lokurhoxisa; isixa esinokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunyaka ngamnye, kunye nokukwazi ukukhutshwa kwonyaka ozayo ukwenyuka ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
- Xa umlinganiselo we-P / E we-market market (i-S & P 500) ingaphantsi kwe-12, iirhafu zokurhoxiswa ngokukhuselekileyo zivela kwi-5.7% ukuya kwi-10,6 ekhulwini ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elifundwayo.
- Xa inani le-P / E lemarike ye-stock market liphakathi kwe-12-20, iirhafu zokurhoxisa ezikhuselekileyo zivela kwi-4.8% ukuya kuma-8.3 ekhulwini, kuxhomekeke kwixesha elifundwayo.
- Xa umlinganiselo we-P / E we-market market ungaphezulu kwe-20, iirhafu zokurhoxisa ezikhuselekileyo zivela kwi-4.4% ukuya kwi-6.1 yeepesenti ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elifundwayo.
Ingongoma yokukhumbula, ukuba uhlala phantsi xa i-market market ine-P / E ephantsi, i-portfolio yakho inokuxhasa inkxaso engenayo ngaphezu kokuphila kwakho kunomntu onomlinganiselo ofanayo othabathayo xa i-marhwebo inomlinganiselo ophezulu we-P / E.
Kumele ube nenani elifanelekileyo lemali kwiholo elingenisiweyo ukuze imali yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi iqhubeke kunye nexabiso lentengo.
Ngokukodwa, iphothifoliyo yakho kufuneka ibe ne-equity equity exposure ye-50 ekhulwini kunye ne-equity equity exposure of 80 percent.
Ukuba ulala kakhulu kule ndlela, ubeka ingozi yokuphuma kwemali. Uninzi kakhulu kwii-equity, kwaye iimakethi ezinokuzithengisa zinokubangela ukwethusa ngexesha elibi kakhulu. Uninzi kakhulu kwimali engenayo, kunye nengeniso yakho yomhlala-phantsi ayiyi kugcina umlinganiselo wemali.
Kumele usebenzise iipotifoliyo zeklasi zee-multi-asethi ukwenzela ukwandisa izinga lokurhoxa.
Cinga ngokukwakha iipotifoliyo zeqela leempahla ezininzi ezifana nokudala isidlo esifanelekileyo. Khawucinge, umzekelo, uhleli phantsi kwisidlo sokutya esityebileyo se-steak, i-shrimp, kunye neentsana. Nangona isidlo sineendlela ezahlukeneyo, ayilungelelanisi kakuhle.
Kwihlabathi lotyalo-mali, endaweni yamaqela okutya, uneeklasi ze-asethi. Iphothifoliyo enokulinganisela iqulethe, ubuncinci, ukwabiwa kwinqanaba lee-asethi ezilandelayo: i-US equities of both cap and small cap type (amasheya okanye i-index index), ii-equity equities, kunye nemali engenayo (imali, izatifikethi idiphozithi kunye neebhondi). Unyaka ngamnye uza kulandelelanisa le potifoliyo kwi-mix mix.
Ukuba usebenzisa iimali kunye / okanye ngabacebisi ngezezimali abanemali ephezulu kuneenkcazo zemali, ngoko unokufuna ukuba uthathe inqanaba eliphantsi lokurhoxisa kwi-akhawunti yeemali eziphezulu ozihlawulayo.
Kumele uthathe umvuzo wokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kumyalelo othile, umyalelo.
Xa uthabatha imali, iholo lakho lomhlala-phantsi kufuneka livela kwicandelo ngalinye kwimiyalelo ethile. Umtyalo-mali omtsha, le mithetho ingaba nzima. Ukuze kube lula ukucinga, imifanekiso emithathu ibhakethi.
- Inombolo yeBhakethi enye igcwele imali; okwaneleyo ukuhlawula iindleko zokuhlala zonyaka owodwa.
- Ngaphakathi kwebhakethi yeenombolo ezimbini ubeka i-investment income yakho (ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba yi- bond ladder .) Uluhlu ngalunye lubonisa iindleko zokuhlala zonyaka omnye unyaka ngamnye, unyaka owodwa wokuchitha imali "ukukhula", kwaye uhamba kwi-"income income". kwiqhosha le "cash." Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlale unayo imali eyaneleyo ukuze uhlawule iindleko zakho ezizayo.
- Ibhakethi lesithathu lizaliswe kwisigidi ngamanqanaba. Unokuthatha imali kuphela kwibhakethi yokulingana xa iphelile. Unyaka ogqityiweyo naliphi na unyaka xa ama-equity aphezulu angaphinda abuyele; ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngonyaka ngokuphindaphinda kwama-12-15 ekhulwini. Ekupheleni konyaka ogqityiweyo, uthengisa amanani angaphezu kwamanani, kwaye usebenzise imali yokuhlawula imali engenayo kunye neebhakethi zemali.
Kuya kuba neminyaka emininzi apho ibhakethi elinganayo lingaphumeleli. Kuya kuthatha uqeqesho ukuze kuqaphele ukuba kulungile ukuvumela imali engenayo kunye neebhakethi zemali zifike kwizinga eliphantsi kule minyaka. Ekugqibeleni, unyaka ogqityiweyo uza kuza kunye nazo zonke iibhakethi ziya kuzaliswa. Uku landela lo mgaqo kuya kukuthintela ukuba ube yintlongo yakho, kwaye uthengise imali-mali ngexesha elingafanelekiyo.
Ininzi yale mithetho yaphuhliswa ngophando olwenziwa nguJonathon Guyton. Unokufumana iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo kwi-oda yakhe enqunyiwe apho ixabiso lizakusetyenziswa kuqala, kwinqaku elibizwa ngeMigqaliselo yeMigqaliselo kunye neRhafu ephezulu yokuRhoxiswa kweRhafu kwiwebhusayithi yakhe. Eli nqaku lapapashwa ngokutsha ngoMbasa ka-2006 we-Journal of Financial Planning.
Kumele uthathe umvuzo wokuhlala umhlalaphantsi ngexesha lokuthengisa iimarike.
Lo mgaqo usebenza njengomnatha wokhuseleko ukukhusela ingeniso yakho yomhlala-phantsi kwikamva kwiimarike zeebhere. Kuye kubangelwa xa izinga lakho lokurhoxisa langoku likhulu ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-20 kunezinga lokuqala lokurhoxisa. Izandi zidideka? Indlela efanelekileyo yokuchaza le mithetho kukusebenzisa umzekelo.
Cinga ukuba unayo i-100 000 yeedola kwaye uqala ukuhoxisa iipesenti ezi-7 okanye i-$ 7,000 ngonyaka.
Iimakethi iyahla iminyaka emininzi kwaye ixabiso lakho lepottoliyo ngoku li-$ 82,000. Ukuhlawulwa kwee-7,000 zeeRhafu ngoku sekuku-8.5 pesenti yexabiso lakho langoku. Ukususela ekubeni ukuhoxiswa kwakho ngoku kubonisa iqela elikhulu lepotfoliyo yakho, lo myalelo "wokuhlawula" ukhawuleza, kwaye uthi kufuneka unciphise ukuhoxiswa komnyaka wakho kwangama-10 ekhulwini. Kulo mzekelo, ukuhoxiswa kwakho kuya kuphuma kwi-7,000 ukuya kwii-6,300 zamawaka ngonyaka.
Njengobomi bokwenene, apho iminyaka ethile ufumana ibhonasi kunye neminye imivuzo efunekayo, lo mgaqo uneza ukuguquguquka okufunekayo ukunyamezela ukutshintsha imeko zezoqoqosho.
Xa amaxesha amnandi, ufanelekile ukuphakanyiswa.
Lo mthetho wokugqibela uninzi lwabantu abathandayo. Okuchasene nomthetho wokunquma umvuzo, ubizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo. Ithi xa nje iphothifoliyo inokubuyiselwa okulungileyo kunyaka ongaphambili, unokuziphakamisa.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwakho kubalwa ngokunyusa ukuhoxiswa kwenyanga ngenyanga ngokulingana nokunyuka kwindleko yabathengi (CPI). Ukuba ubukrazula i-$ 7,000 ngonyaka, imarike inokubuya okulungileyo, kwaye i-CPI yenyuka ngamaphesenti amathathu, ngoko unyaka olandelayo uza kuhoxisa i-$ 7.210.
Ukulandela le mithetho kuthatha uqeqesho. Umvuzo uyinqanaba eliphezulu lemali yomhlalaphantsi, kunye nokwandisa amandla okugcina amandla okuthenga.
Kubalulekile ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nemali yakho. Ukuba yonke le mali-mali "mumbo jumbo" iyancipha, ngoko uthathe isinyathelo emva, kwaye ucinge ngayo njengomsebenzi omtsha. Kuthatha ixesha ukufunda izakhono ezintsha. Khumbula, izigqibo ezilungileyo ziya kukunceda ukuba ufumane ingeniso yomhlala-phantsi oya kuhlala.
Ngaphambi kokuphumeza isicwangciso sakho sokufumana umhlalaphantsi, thatha ixesha lokufunda okungangoko unako. Zama enye yeeklasi zokutsalwa kwe-intanethi ukuze ufunde kabanzi. Ukuba ufuna iingcebiso zobuchwepheshe kumcebisi- mali kuphela oqeqeshekileyo wemali, qiniseka ukuba ufumene umntu oqhelaniswe nophando lwangoku kule ndawo.