Isahluko 7 saziwa nangokuthi i-bankruptcy ngqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha inyanga ezine ukuya ezintandathu ukususela ekufakeni.
Injongo yabaninzi abanetyala (abantu abafake ityala le-bankruptcy), ukukhutshwa komyalelo, inkundla yatsho ihlabathi ukuba umboleki uzalise zonke iimfuno kwimeko kwaye akasayi kuba noxanduva lokuhlawula ityala. Awuyikususa ngokusemthethweni amatyala okanye enze ukuba ilahleke. Ikhupha nje umntu obolekayo ukuba axanduva lokubuyiselwa kwakhona.
ISahluko 13 senzelwe ukuphumela ekukhutsheni, kodwa indlela ehamba ngayo malunga neyona nto ihluke kakhulu. Kwimeko yeSahluko 13, umboleki ucebisa isicwangciso sokuhlawula amatyala kwixesha eliyiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Iintlawulo zenziwa rhoqo ngenyanga kwi- trustee egqitywe yinkundla . Iimali zithunyelwa yi-trustee kubaboleki bembolekisi abanabango abahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile kwaye baye bavunyelwa yinkantolo yebhanki. Isixa sesicwangciso-mali sixhomekeke kwingeniso yomboleki, iindleko, kunye nohlobo kunye nenani lesetyala elimele libuyiselwe.
Ekupheleni kwesicwangciso sokubuyiselwa, nayiphi na ityala elingaqinisekanga elingakhange lihlawulwe likhutshwa .
Iingxowa zikwahlulwa ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amatyala aqinisekisiwe, oku kuthetha ukuba umboleki ubeke umxhesho ukuba umbolekisi angasebenzisa ukuhlawula ityala xa umboleki eyeka ukwenza iintlawulo. Amanye amatyala ayakhuselekanga, oku kuthetha ukuba akaqinisekanga ngokubambisa.
Amatyala angakhuselekanga ayahlulelwa ngakumbi kwaye angabalulekanga kuba, inyaniso, ezinye iitalato zibhekwa zibaluleke kakhulu okanye zibaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela ngaphezu kwabanye. Ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy ibona umahluko phakathi kweerhafu zerhafu zentsholongwane nakwixesha elidala, kunye neentlawulo zamsandula ezineendawo eziphambili.
Unyango lweNgeniso yeRhafu yeNgeniso kwiSahluko 13
Izikweletu eziphambili kufuneka zihlawulwe ngokugcwele kwiCandelo 13. Amatyala angabalulekanga ahlawulwa ngokusesikweni, oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izikweletu ezingabalulekanga zihlanganiswe kunye, kwaye kwimeko yokuba kukho imali yokuzihlawula kwisicwangciso, amabango ayahlawulwa enye ipesenti.
Ngokomzekelo, amatyala eerhafu yengeniso entsha kuneminyaka emithathu ubudala ayimali-mboleko ephambili. Kufuneka zihlawulwe ngokuzeleyo kwiSiqendu 13 isicwangciso sokubuyiselwa kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwintlanu. Iimali zerhafu zerhafu ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu * ngokuqhelekileyo ziyizikweletu ezingabalulekanga.
Umzekelo : UMargaret uhlawulisa i-$ 5,000 kwiitalente zerhafu ephambili kunye ne-$ 10,000 kwietyala ezingenanto yembambano kunye ne-12,000 kwizinye iitalato ezingalindelekanga njengamakhadi-mboleko kunye neebhilidi zonyango. Xa ingeniso yakhe neendleko ziqwalaselwa, inkundla inquma ukuba iyakwazi ukuhlawula iSahluko 13 sokuhlawula i-$ 200 ngenyanga malunga nama-12,000 kwi-five years.
Kuloo $ 12,000, i-$ 5,000 ibango leerhafu eziphambili liyakuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo, ilahle i-$ 7,000 ukuba ihlawule ngetyala elingenanto ephambili. Kodwa kukho i-22,000 yeedola kwi-non-priority priority. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngalinye ityala elingenanto kuqala liza kufumana iipesenti ezingama-30 zebango layo. Kodwa ukuba zonke iintlawulo zenziwe, kunye nazo zonke iimfuno zeSahluko 13 zilandelwa, uMargaret uya kufumana umkhuhlane oza kumkhupha umthwalo kwi-70 ekhulwini.
Unyango lweNgeniso yeRhafu yeNgeniso kwiSahluko 7
Kwimeko yeSahluko 7, uninzi lwetyala elingabalulekanga liyakukhutshwa kwakhona. Ukuba ufanelekile kwimeko yeSahluko 7, ininzi yerhafu yengeniso engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala iya kuthatyathwa ukuba ikhutshwe kunye nenzala kunye nezohlwayo. Ininzi yetyala lentlawulo elitsha, kunye nomdla kunye nezohlwayo kwityala elitsha, aziyi kukhutshwa.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngemithetho yokuhlawulwa kwetyala kunye nenkokhelo engenakuhlawulwa kunye necala eliphambili ngokubhekiselele kumatyala angabikho kwempahla, jonga ukukhutshwa kweziTyala: Ukukhutshwa ngokubanzi kunye nokukhutshwa komthetho .
Ukukhutshwa kweTyala leRhafu leNgeniso: Fakela iSahluko 7 okanye iSahluko 13?
Nangona kukho izizathu ezininzi zokufaka ifowuni yebhanki, injongo yabantu abaninzi ukukhutshwa kwetyala . Xa ityala likhutshwa, imithetho ye-bankruptcy iya kunceda umboleki (oko sikubiza umntu ofakela ityala le-bankruptcy) yimbopheleleko yokuyibuyisela. Intlawulo yerhafu ingabandakanywa kwimeko yecala lokuhlawulwa kwaye inokukhutshwa. Abantu abaninzi abafake i-bankruptcy baneentlawulo zerhafu ezingaphezulu. Enyanisweni, abanye abantu basebenzisa i-bankruptcy ukulawula iitalato zabo zerhafu.
Asikho zonke iirhafu ezikhutshwayo, nangona kunjalo. Ukuba ingaba zikhutshwe kwaye ziyakwazi ukukhutshwa njani zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwabo, ubudala babo, uhlobo lwebhanki ozifakelayo , kunye nemiba ethile yolawulo kunye neerhafu kwaye ubuyisele.
Ukuziphendulela : Kakade, yonke imeko yomhlawuli werhafu ihlukile. Naliphina imigaqo eboniswe apha iyakwenza okanye ayiyi kusebenza kwimibandela yakho, kwaye sinokulumkisa ngokungathembeli kuphela kweli nqaku okanye nayiphi na into ekuncedayo ukuba ubone ukuba le mithetho ikuchaphazela njani. Ukuba unetyala lentlawulo, siyakhuthaza ukuba uqhagamshelane nommeli ochaphazelekayo ogqityiweyo okanye ugqirha wezentela onokukucebisa ngokukodwa malunga nemiba yakho yerhafu.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye izizathu zokufaka ifayile yeSahluko 7 okanye iSahluko 13?
Ngaphambi kokuba sifumane ityala lenkokhelo yerhafu, kunjalo, kufuneka sibuze umbuzo wesiseko. Ngaba zikhona ezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuba ufanele ufake ifayile yeSahluko 7 okanye isahluko 13 ? Isahluko 7 kunye neengxelo zeSahluko 13 zenzelwe ukufeza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zifezekisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Isiqendu 7 esilungileyo sisithuba esifutshane, inyanga emine ukuya kweyesithandathu inyanga apho umboleki (wena) ufumana ukutshatyalaliswa ngokutshintshela nayiphi na impahla engeyiyo ihlawulwa. Icandelo leSahluko 13 lixesha elide elide apho umboleki enikezela ngemali engenayo kunye nezibonelelo zokuxhasa imali yesicwangciso sokubuyiselwa kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwintlanu ukubuyisela inxalenye yalo lonke ityala.
Ezinye zezinto ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe ekunqumeni isahluko esihle kwiifayile kufaka
Enoba uzama ukugcina indlu ukusuka ekungqatshelweni okanye enye into enjengeyomoto ukusuka ekuhlaleni. ISahluko 13 sinokufaneleka oko kuba kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufake i-arrearages kwisicwangciso sokuhlawula . Isahluko 7 asinaso ilungiselelo sokuba kwaye asiyi kuvimba ukuchithwa kwexesha elide.
Ukuba unemihlaba eninzi engahlawulwayo , iSahluko 13 sinokuzikhethela kakuhle kuba iSahluko 13 asifuni ukuba uguqulwe nayiphina impahla engeyiyo ikhutshwe kwiprasti njengokuba uza kwimeko yeSahluko 7. Kunoko, uhlawula ixabiso lepropati engahlawulwayo kwi-course ye minyaka emithathu ukuya kweyesihlanu kwecala leSahluko 13,
Ingaba unako ukufumana iSahluko sesi-7 phantsi kovavanyo lweNdlela .
Ukuba unomntu onetyala-ngetyala lakho, unokukwazi ukukhusela loo malini-mali kwiSahluko 13, kodwa kungekhona kwiSahluko 7.
Ingaba unetyala lentlawulo engenakufanelekela ukukhutshwa kwimeko yeSahluko 7.
Ukuba unesibalo esikhulu semali- mboleko yezikolo, unokukwazi ukusebenzisa iSahluko 13 ukuyilawula.
Ingaba ufumene ukukhutshwa kwimeko yeSahluko 7 okanye kwimeko yeSahluko 13 ngaphambili. Ngokuxhomekeke kulolu hlobo lwangaphambili kunye nohlobo lwetyala elitsha, kukho imida emininzi yexesha oza kufuneka unamathele kuyo.
Ukufumana okungakumbi kwisahluko esingaba bhetele kwiimeko zakho, jonga ixesha lokujonga ukufakwa phantsi kweSahluko 13 endaweni yeSahluko 7 .
Ewe, ininzi yesigqibo sinokuba ngumsebenzi wokulinganisa. Kungenzeka ukuba impendulo ngokucacileyo iSahluko 13 kuba ufuna ukugcina indlu. Okanye mhlawumbi unokuba netyala lemali-mboleko yomfundi, kodwa ityala elongezelelweyo elinokuthi likhutshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiCandelo lesi-7.
Kungenzeka kwakhona phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukufaka ifowulda yeSahluko 7, ukufumana ukukhutshwa kwazo zonke iitaliti ezingakhutshwayo, ngokukhawuleza ufake ifayile yeSahluko 13 ukulawula ityala elingenakukhutshwa kwiSahluko 7. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthethwa njengecala leSahluko 20 (kuba i-7 kunye no-13 lilingana no-20).