Kukho kwiNtshonalanga ezintlanu
Ibhondi yeSebe leMelika
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yii-Bonds ye- Nondyebo ye-Nondyebo, amanqaku, kunye neebhonkrithi ezikhutshwe yiSebe lezeMali. Ziye zisetyenziselwa ukusetha iirhafu kuzo zonke ezinye ixesha elide, iibhondi ezilinganisiweyo. U-Nondyebo uthengisa kwintengiso ukuxhaswa ngemisebenzi yombuso karhulumente.
Zibuye zithengiswa kwiimarike zesekondari . Zizokhuselekileyo kuba ziqinisekisiwe ngoqoqosho oluphezulu lwehlabathi . Oko kuthetha ukuba nabo banikela ngokubuyisela okuphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, bangabakho phantse bonke abatyala-mali , i-corporation kunye ne- fund . I-Nondyebo ibuye ithengise i-Inflation Protected Securities ekhuselekileyo ekukhuselaneni nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Bondings Bonds
Izibophelelo zokugcinwa nazo zikhutshwa liSebe lezeMali . Ezi zithetha ukuthengwa ngabanye abatyalo-mali . Kungenxa yoko zikhutshwa ngexabiso elaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba zithengele abantu ngabanye. Iimbopheleleko zifana nezibophelelo zokugcina, ngaphandle kokuba zilungelelaniswe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nganye kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Iibhanki zeeArhente
Ii-arhente ze-Quasi-rhu lumente, njengoFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac , bathengisa izibophelelo eziqinisekisiwe nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni.
Izibonelelo zeMasipala
Izibophelelo zikamasipala zikhutshwa zizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi zintlawulo zerhafu kodwa zinenani lentlawulo elincinci kunamabhondi.
Ziyingozi nakakhulu kunezibhonkco ezikhutshwe nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni. Amadolophu ngamanye amaxesha akwenza okungekho.
Bonds Corporate
Iibhondi zequmrhu zikhutshwa yiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkampani. Ziyingozi ngaphezu kweebhondi ezixhaswe nguRhulumente ukuze zinikeze izinga eliphezulu lokubuyela. Zathengiswa yibhanki elimele.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeebhondi zenkampani:
- Ubhonkco obunzima okanye izibophelelo eziphezulu zezibophelelo zenkampani ezivela kwiinkampani ezinethuba elikhulu lokusilela. Banikela ngenani lentlalo ephakamileyo yokuhlawula umngcipheko.
- Izitokhwe ezikhethiweyo ziyi-stocks kodwa zenza njenge-A-bonds. Njengentlawulo yebhanki, bayakuhlawula isabelo esicwangcisiweyo ngokukhawuleza. Zikhuseleke ngakumbi kunama-stocks kuba abanikazi bahlawulelwa emva kobambisi kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abaphathi beempahla eziqhelekileyo.
- Iziqinisekiso zeDistim zifana nezibophelelo ezikhishwe yibhanki yakho. Uhlawulisa ngokusemthethweni ibhanki imali yakho ngexesha elithile lexesha eliqinisekileyo lemali yokubuyisela.
Iintlobo zeeBond-Based based Securities
Awunayo ukuthenga ibhondi yangempela ukuze usebenzise inzuzo zayo. Unokuthenga kwakhona izitrato ezisekelwe kwizibophelelo. Zibandakanya iimali zentsebenziswano . Ezi ziqokelelo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhondi. Nasi umehluko phakathi kweebhanki kunye neengxowa-mali .
Iibhanki zeBond zibandakanya imali yokuthengiselana ngemali . Benza njengemali yokuxhasana kodwa bengabanikazi bebhondi. Kunoko, ii-ETF zilandelela ukusebenza kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo. Bahlawula ngokusekelwe kulo msebenzi.
Iimveliso ezixhomekeke kwiBond ziinkalo-mali eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifumana ixabiso lawo kwiimbophelelo eziphantsi.
Ziquka:
- Izinketho zinika umthengi ilungelo, kodwa kungabi mfanelo, ukurhweba ibhondi kwixabiso elithile ngomhla ovunyelwene ngawo. Ilungelo lokuthenga ibhondi libizwa ngokuba ngumnxeba wokukhetha kunye nelungelo lokuyithengisa libizwa ngokuba yindlela yokukhetha . Baye bathengiswa kumashishini atshintshiselwano.
- Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zifana nezikhetho ngaphandle kokuba zibophezele abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba benze umsebenzi. Bathengiswa ngokutshintshiselana.
- Iikhontraki zangaphambili zifana nezivumelwano zexesha elizayo, ngaphandle kokuba zithengiswa kwichitshintshi. Kunoko, bathengiswa ngaphezulu kwe-counter okanye ngqo phakathi kwamaqela amabini okanye ngebhanki. Zizilungelelanisa kwiimfuno ezithile zamacandelo amabini. Ngokomzekelo, iimali-mboleko eziza kubhengezwa zihamba phambili kwizivumelwano zokubambisa iimali ezithengiswa ngemali esithengiswa ngomhla ozayo.
- Iziqinisekiso ezixhaswe ngemali zisekelwe kwiintlawulo zemali mboleko. Njengesibophelelo, banikela izinga lokubuyela ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lexabiso eliphantsi.
- Izibophelelo zetyala ezihlanganisiweyo zixhomekeke kwimali-mboleko yemali kunye netyala lekhadi lesikweletu. Ezi ziquka iintlawulo zeebhondi.
- Iphepha lezorhwebo elixhaswe nge-asethi liyimphakheji yebhondi yonyaka omnye ngokusekelwe kwintengo yezinto eziphathekayo zorhwebo ezifana nezakhiwo, iinqwelo zenkampani okanye ezinye iimpahla zeshishini.
- Inzala ye-swaps intsingiselo ivumela izibhenkethi ukuba zitshintshe iirhafu zerhafu yexesha elizayo. Zenzeka phakathi komnini webhanki ejongene nomdla kunye nomntu obambe isibophelelo somdla. Bathengiswa ngaphezu kwe-counter.
- Iintlawulo ze-swaps zizonke zifana ne-swaps yenqanaba lesenzalo ngaphandle kokuba iintlawulo zisekelwe kwizibophelelo, inkcazo yebhanki, inkcazo ye-equity okanye isithwathwa semali-mboleko. (Umthombo: "Isingeniso kwiiNkcazo eziNgenisekile zeNgeniso," u-Ennis Knupp kunye nabaNxulumene. "Ubume bemiSebenzi," i-Chicago Board Options Exchange.)