Imimiselo ezaliswe kwi-All-Time High
"Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okuchithwa kwemithi kugcina abantu befuna ukunyamekelwa kwezempilo ezininzi ezifana nokubhedlele okanye ukuhlinzwa," kuchaza i-Kaiser Family Foundation.
Abemi abakhulu abathandathu abahlala eUnited States kunye nabangaphezu kwesiqingatha (iipesenti ezingama-58) bonke abantu abangewona abadala baxhomekeke kwiziyobisi ezimiselweyo, ngokwe-Arhente yoPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neMigangatho.
Zonke iiklasi zamachiza ziye zabona ukwanda kwimiyalelo ezaliswe kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ngaphandle kweedriuretics, i-penicillins kunye neyeza zokukhulelwa kwe-hormone, ngokwe-IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Uhlalutyo lwe-IMS luquka yonke imishanguzo yemithi ehanjiswa kwii-pharmacy zokuthengisa, ii-pharmacy zokutya, ii-imeyile nemiyalelo yokunakekelwa kwexesha elide.
Izizukulwana zeeGrikhi eziDlulileyo zeMpawu zeDrug
Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo zimelele iipesenti ezingama-75 yazo zonke iimfuno ezizaliswe ngo-2010, ukusuka kuma-57 ekhulwini ngo-2004, ngokwe-IMS. Nangona inani leemimiselo eziqhelekileyo linikezelwa ngama-5.9 ekhulwini; Imirhumo yemigqabini iyanqatshiwe ngama-7.6 ekhulwini.
Amanqaku amaninzi amanqaku aKlasi
Abalawuli bePilid
Abalawuli be-Lipid, ngokugqithiseleyo izidakamizwa ze-statin, zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-dyslipidemia (i-high cholesterol yegazi) kunye nezinye iingxaki zentliziyo kwaye ziye zamiselwa ukuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwezinye izifo ezininzi eziquka i-osteoporosis kunye neengxaki zokuphuma kwimizi.
Izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-255.4 zeemimiselo kunye nezinye iziyobisi eziphantsi kweepilisi zazaliswa ngo-2010.
I-Pfizer's Lipitor (i-atorvastatin calcium) yayiyi-statin ebizwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ilandelwa yiCrestor (rosuvastatin calcium) ngu-AstraZeneca; Ezinye iimpawu zerhwebo ziquka iMevacor (lovastatin), Pravachol (i-pravastatin sodium), iZocor (simvastatin), i-Lescol (i-fluvastatin sodium), i-Vytorin (i-Ezetimibe / i-Simvastatin) kunye ne-Pitavastatin.
Iiprogram zokuqwashisa ezijoliswe kumayeza kunye ngqo nabathengi ziye zafaka isandla ekukhuleni kweli nqanaba lamachiza.
Ukuxhatshazwa
I-anti-depressants enye yeeklasi ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza kwezidakamizwa ezimiselweyo. Ngo-2010, imiyalelo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-253.6 yazaliswa ngabaxinzelelo, ngokulandela ingxelo ye-IMS.
Enye yezinto eziphambili eziqhuba ukunyuka kwezikripthi ze-anti-depressants kukuba inani elikhulayo labanikezeli-nkonzo bonyango kunye nabanye abaqhuba ngaphandle kwendawo yesifo sengqondo babhala imiqathango yezigulane ezingakhange zifumane ukuxilongwa ngengqondo yengqondo, ngokutsho kwiphando elipapashwe Ingxelo yezeMpilo ngo-Agasti 2011.
Uhlalutyo lwethu lufumene ukuba phakathi ko-1996 no-2007, inani lokutyelela apho i-anti-depressants ebekwe khona kodwa akukho zifo zengqondo eziye zaphawulwa ziye zanda ukusuka kwi-59.5% ukuya kuma-72.7 ekhulwini. "Ababhali be-Ramin Mojtabai, uJohn Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, UMark Olfson, kunye neKholeji leMagqirha kunye noogqirha be-Columbia University eNew York, kunye nomphengululi wengqondo kwi-New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Ulwaphulo lweNkathazo
Iimpawu ze-Narcotic zichazwe ukuze zithuthuzele intlungu.
Ngo-2010, imimiselo engaphezu kwe-244,300 yazaliswa kwezi ntlobo ze-painkillers.
Ezinye izikhokelo ze-narcotic analgesics ziquka i-Oxycodone (oxycodone), i-Vicodin (i-hydrocodone kunye ne-acetaminophen), i-codeine, i-morphine, i-Percocet (i-acetaminophen kunye ne-oxycodone) kunye ne-Ultram (tramadol).
Beta-Blockers
I-Beta-adrenergic e-block agents okanye i-beta-blockers (ecacileyo kunye nokudibanisa nezinye iziyobisi, imiselwe ukonyangwa kwesifo senhliziyo, ngokukodwa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-glaucoma, i-hyperthyroidism kunye ne-migraines. Abagcini bazaliswa ngo-2010.
I-beta-blockers echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-Brevibloc (esmolol), iCoreg (i-carvedilol), Inderal (propranolol), i-Lopressor, i-Toprol-XL (i-metoprolol), i-Normodyne, i-Trandate (i-labetalol), i-Sectral (acebutolol), i-Tenormin (i-atenolol) kunye ne-Zebeta (i-bisoprolol ) ./
Ace Inhibitors
I-enzyme-ACE) i-inhibitors isetyenziselwa kunyango lwegazi eliphezulu, i-scleroderma, i-migraines nezinye iimeko. Ngo-2010, ii-pharmacy zanikezela imiyalelo engaphezu kwe-168.7 yezigidi ze-ACE inhibitors.
I-ACE inhibitors iquka uLotensin (benazepril), iCototen (i-captopril), iVasotec (i-enalapril), iFosinopril, i-Prinivil, i-Zestril (i-Lisinopril), i-Univasc (i-Moexipril), i-Aceon (i-perindopril), i- Accupril (i-quinapril), i-Altace (ramipril) ne-Mavik (i-trandolapril ).
Ezinye iiklasi eziphezulu eziphezulu zezidakamizwa zizigidi zemimiselo ezaliswe yiyo:
- 6. Antidiabetes; 165
- 7. Abaphefumulayo; 153.3
- 8. I-Anti-Ulcerants; 147.1
- 9. Iidriuretics; 131
- I-Anti-Epileptics; 121.7
- 11. Iinqununu; 108.6
- 12. I-Thyroid Preps; 107.2
- 13. I-Calcium Antagonists (Plain & Combo); 97.9
- 14. I-Antirheumatics; 95
- 15. Ukukhusela iHormonal; 92.3
- 16. I-Angiotensin II; 83.7
- 17. I-penicillins; 76.1
- 18. Ama-Macrolides & Uhlobo olufanayo; 73.9
- 19. IiVithamini & Amaminerali; 71.9
- 20. I-Hypnotics & Sedatives; 66
Umthombo: IMS Health, National Audit Audit, ngoDisemba 2010