Ukuthengwa kwekhaya mhlawumbi kungabakho utyalo-mali obuninzi owenzayo ebomini bakho, kwaye izindleko zezindlu zingaphezu kwamawaka angamawaka eedola kwiimarike ezininzi.
Kodwa amakhaya akhiqizwayo akwazi ukuhlawuleka kakhulu kunezindlu ezakhiwe kwi-site, ngoko zenza ubunikazi bekhaya bufikeleleke. Ngokukodwa kubathengi abanemali ephantsi kunye nalabo abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni (apho iikontraki kunye nezixhobo azifumaneki ngokukhawuleza), izindlu ezakhiweyo zingabodwa kuphela.
Ifowuni, eyenziweyo, kunye neModular
Xa uxoxa ngemali-mboleko yasekhaya, imiqathango oyisebenzisayo nababolekisi ingabalulekile. Oko ubiza ngokuthi "ikhaya elisekhaya" kunokwenzeka ukuba "ikhaya elenziwe" (nangona ikhaya liye - okanye linye lalinjalo-lihamba). Ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho sikweni, nokuba yimisebenzi yekota, kodwa abaninzi ababolekayo bayakuphepha ukubolekisa kwipropati ebekwe njengefowuni.
- Amakhaya omnxeba awakhiwe amakhaya awenziwe phambi komhla ka-Juni 15, 1976. Aya kuba ngamakhaya amahle kakhulu, kodwa awakhiwe ngaphambi kokuba abalawuli bafune imilinganiselo ethile yokhuseleko, kwaye ininzi (kodwa ingabikho bonke) ababolekisi banqwenela ukuboleka ezo zakhiwo.
- Amakhaya akhiqizwayo makhaya awakhiwe ngamashishini emva komhla ka-Juni 15, 1976. Lawo makhaya aphantsi koKwakha koZwakhiwo lweZindlu kunye neMigangatho yoKhuseleko ka-1974 kwaye kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko eyenziwe yiSebe leZindlu leMelika kunye noPhuhliso lweMihlaba (HUD) . Le mithetho idlalwa ngokuba yi-Code HUD. Amakhaya akhiqiweyo akhiwe kwisikiti sensimbi esisigxina kwaye unokufuduswa emva kokufakwa (kodwa ukufuduka ekhaya emva kokufakwa kwintlanganiso kungaphazamisa imali).
- Amakhaya aseModular awakhiwe amakhaya ahlanganiswe kwisayithi kwaye kufuneka ahlangabezane nawo onke amakhodi ekwakhiwa kwendawo njengemimandla eyakhelwe indawo (ngokuchasene ne-HUD Code). Zifakwe ngokusisigxina kwisiseko sekhonkrithi. Njengezindlu ezakhiwe kwimizi, amakhaya aneemodyuli athambekele ekubambe ixabiso kwaye axabise ngaphezu kwamakhaya ayenziwe okanye ahambayo, ngoko kulula ukufumana iimboleko kwiimodyuli.
Kuphi ukuboleka
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana inkxaso yezindlu ezikhutshwe kunye neziphathekayo. Njengaye nawuphi na umboleko, uhlawula ukuthenga phakathi kwabathengi abahlukeneyo. Thelekisa umyinge wenzalo , iimpawu, iindleko zokuvala, kunye nezinye iirhafu zemali mboleko ngokucophelela. Ngokukodwa ngemali mboleko yasekhaya, uhlobo lomboleko (okanye umboleki osebenza naye) kubalulekile.
Abathengisi: Abakhi abathengisa amakhaya akhiqizwayo bahlela ukuhlawula imali ukuze kube lula ukuba abathengi bathenge amakhaya. Kwezinye iimeko, ubudlelwane bomakhi bakho bokuba yindlela ekhethekileyo yokufumana imali xa uthenga indlu entsha. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukucela umakhi wakho uluhlu lwabanye abambalwa (abangabambisene nabo).
Ababolekisi abathile : Abathengi abaninzi bemali mboleko baxhomekeke kwimali-mboleko yemimandla eselula kunye neyakhiweyo (kunye nomhlaba, ukuba kuyimfuneko). Nangona nawuphi na umboleki angaba nako ukuxhasa imali yakho, abathengi abakhethekileyo bayaziqhelanisa nemibandela yokuthengwa kwekhaya - ngoko bazimisele ngakumbi ukuthatha izicelo zale mboleko. Kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenze kunye nomboleki ojoliswe kwikharityhulam ekwakhelwe ekhaya kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- Awuyi kuba ngumhlaba.
- Ngeke unamathele ngokusisigxina ikhaya kwiziko le siseko.
- Uthengela ikhaya elingelona lutsha okanye olutshintshile.
- Ufuna ukuhlaziya ityala lekhaya elakhiweyo, kwaye naluphi na olu ngasentla lusebenza.
Ababolekisi bemali ephantsi: Ukuba uthengela ikhaya kunye nelizwe elihlala kulo, kwaye ikhaya lifakwe ngokusisigxina kwinkqubo yesiseko, uya kuba nexesha elilula lokuboleka. Uninzi lwamabhanki asekuhlaleni, iimanyano zemboleko kunye nabathengi bemali mboleko banokufumana loo mboleko.
Fumana iingcebiso kubaboleki abalungileyo kubantu obathembayo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ngubani ozakukucela, qalisa nge-arhente yakho yokuhlala, abasebenzi kunye nabahlali kwiipaki zasekhaya, kunye nabantu obaziyo ababoleke imali ukuthenga izindlu ezakhiweyo.
Imali Yengxowa
Iingxowa-mboleko ze-Chattel zihlala zisetyenziselwa amakhaya aneselula kunye nezakhiweyo, ngokukodwa xa ikhaya liya epakini okanye kuluntu lwasekhaya. Umboleko we-chattel ngumboleko wendlu kuphela (ngokuchasene nomboleko wekhaya kunye nomhlaba kunye).
Ezi mboleko ziyimali-mboleko yepropati yomntu siqu-engeyiyo mboleko yempahla.
Oko kwathiwa, imali-mboleko ye-chattel nayo iyafumaneka xa unomhlaba kwaye uboleke indlu ngokuhlukileyo.
Xa uthengisa nabathengi, fumana ukuba ufumana izicaphuno zemboleko ye-chattel okanye umboleko wendawo yokuhlala. Iirhafu zenzalo kwimali-mboleko ye-chattel zihlala ziphakamileyo kunamaxabiso kwi-real estate debt, kodwa kukho ukulungelelanisa nokuzinyameka kwindlela nganye. Uphando olwenziwa nguBhengi-mali lwabaThengi ngezeMali (CFPB) lufumene ukuba iimali zemali mboleko kunye nokuhlawulwa kwemali yayingaphantsi kwama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eepesenti kwiingxowa-mboleko ze-chattel xa kuthelekiswa nemali-mboleko yemali mboleko, kodwa i- percentage rate rate (APR) kwimali-mboleko ye-chattel yayingaphezulu kweepesenti eziyi-1.5.
Iinjongo zemali-mboleko ye-chattel ziquka:
- Awudingi ukuba ube ngumnini-propati, onokugcina imali yakho encinci (nangona uya kuhlawulwa iifizi zenyanga).
- Iindleko zokucubungula kufuneka zibe ngaphantsi kweendleko zokuvala kwiityala zomhlaba.
- Inkqubo yokuvala ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingabandakanyeki kunokugqitywa kwemali mboleko.
Iingxaki zemali-mboleko ye-chattel ziquka:
- Amanqanaba omdla aphezulu, ngoko iindleko zakho kunye neendleko zenzalo ziya kuba ziphakamileyo kunokuba ungasebenzisa imboleko yempahla yangempela.
- Ixesha lokuhlawula lingaba mfutshane (kunye nexesha lokubuyisela ixesha elifikelela kwi-15 okanye kwiminyaka engama-20, umzekelo-nangona abanye ababolekisi bavumela iimali-mboleko ezide. Ixesha elifutshane liphumela kwizihlawuliso eziphezulu ezifunekayo nyanga zonke , kodwa ukuhlawulwa kwetyala ngokukhawuleza kugcina iindleko zomdla ezantsi.
Abathengisi basekhaya nabathengisi abazikhethela ngokuqhelekileyo banikezela ngemali-mboleko ye-chattel, kwaye i-US Census Bureau yabona ukuba ama-80 ekhulwini kumakhaya amatsha awakhiwe ngo-2015 abizwa ngokuba yimpahla. Kodwa abanye ababolekisi banikezela ngemali mboleko yempahla yomntu kunye neengxowa-mali zangaphandle. Thetha kunye nabathengi abaningana, kwaye ubuze malunga neenzuzo kunye nokuqhayisa ukubiza indlu njengendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kwepropati yakho.
Iinkqubo zeNgxowa kaRhulumente
Iiprogram zemali-mboleko ezixhaswa nguorhulumente zingenza uboleka kwikhaya elikhutshwe kakhulu. Ukucinga ukuba uhlangabezane neendlela zokuba ufanelekele ezo nkqubo, unokuboleka kubanikezeli bemali mboleko abafumana isibonelelo sokubuyiselwa ebusweni baseburhulumenteni base-US - ukuba awubuyiseli mboleko, urhulumente uya kungena kwaye ahlawule umboleki.
Iinkqubo zemboleko zemali ezixhaswa nguRhulumente mhlawumbi zikhethekileyo zokuboleka, kodwa amanye amakhaya ahambayo asebenzayo aya kufaneleka.
Imali-mboleko ye-FHA iqinisekisiwe yi-Federal Housing Administration (FHA) . Ezi mboleko zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zihlawula iintlawulo eziphantsi, iintlawulo zenzalo ezitshintshileyo , kunye nemigaqo-bumnandi. Ukuze ufaneleke umboleko we-FHA, iimfuno ezininzi kufuneka zidibene:
- Ikhaya kufuneka lakhiwe emva koJuni 15, 1976.
- Ikhaya kufuneka lihambisane ne-HUD Code kwaye ihlangabezane nezinye iimfuno zendawo. Ukuguqulwa ekhaya kuya kukhupha ukuthotyelwa.
- Icandelo ngalinye lekhaya kufuneka libe neLayibhile yokuGqiza kweeBomvu (okanye i-HUD Label). Ngokomzekelo, kumakhaya aphindwe kabini, iilele ezimbini zifunekayo.
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ze-FHA ezifumanekayo kubanikazi basekhaya abakhiweyo.
Imali-mboleko yesi- II ye-FHA ifaka i-203 (b) yemali-mboleko-isetyenziselwa amakhaya anokwakhiwa kwendawo-evumela abathengi ukuba bahlawule imali encinci njenge-3.5 ekhulwini. Ukugubungela iindleko zesiqinisekiso sikaRhulumente, uza kuhlawula i-premium yempesimenti ye-inshurensi ye-mortgage kunye ne-inshurensi eqhubekayo yokuhlawula imali nganye ngenyanga. Ufuna izikolo ezifanelekileyo zemboleko ukuze ufaneleke umboleko we-FHA, kodwa i-credit yakho ayifuni ukufezeka. Ngaphezu koko, ungasebenzisa imali enesipho ukuxhaswa phantsi kweendleko kunye nokuvala iindleko, kwaye unokuba nothengisi uncede kunye neendleko.
Isikhwama sesi-II siyi-loan ye-real estate, ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba uthenge ipropati kunye nekhaya kunye, kunye nekhaya kufuneka lifakwe ngokusisigxina kwinkqubo yesiseko evunyiweyo. Imali ingadlulela iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwi-30.
I-FHA I-Title I mboleko iyatholakala kwiimali-mboleko zepropati yomntu siqu-incedo xa ungayi kuba nomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uya kubeka ikhaya kwiziko lokuqashisa, isivumelwano sakho sokuqeshisa kufuneka sihlangabezane nezikhokelo ze-FHA. Umzekelo, uya kufuna ixesha lokuqala lokuqeshisa iminyaka emithathu, kwaye kufuneka uxelelwe nayiphi na ukupheliswa kweqeshiso kunye nesaziso esingangeenyanga ezintandathu. Iintlawulo ezifunekayo zingaphantsi kwee-5 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini, kodwa loo mfuneko iyahluka ukusuka kumboleki ukuboleka kwaye kuxhomekeke kumanqaku akho ekhredithi. Imfuneko eyongezelelweyo yeMboleko yeSihloko iquka:
- Ikhaya kufuneka libe yindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala oyintloko.
- Indawo yokufakela kufuneka ifake i-sewer kunye nenkonzo yamanzi.
- Amanqaku amatsha omveliso kufuneka afake iwaranti yonyaka owodwa.
- I-appraiser evunyelwe i-HUD kufuneka ahlole ixabiso.
Isihloko Iimboleko zingeniso-mboleko kuphela ekhaya njengeemali-mboleko ze-chattel, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa ukuthenga ezininzi kunye nekhaya kunye. Imali mboleko ephezulu kwi-Title I mboleko iyancinci kunama-maximums kwi-mboleko yesiGaba II, kunye nemigqaliselo yemali-mboleko imfutshane: Kwikhaya elilodwa kunye neqashiso, ixesha elide lokubuyisela liyiminyaka engama-20.
Iimali-mboleko ze-VA zifumaneka kubasebenzi kunye nabasemagqithisini, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa izindlu ezenziwe kunye neyomodyuli. Iimali mboleko ze-VA zikhangeleka ngokukhethekileyo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kwemali kwaye akukho mali yomshuwalense wenyanga-mboleko (ukuba umniki-mboleko uyakuvumela, kwaye udibana neemfuno zemali-mboleko kunye neengeniso). Ukuhlawula intlawulo ephantsi kuthetha ukuba uya kuba neentlawulo eziphezulu zenyanga - kwaye uza kuhlawula ngaphezulu inzala - kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunengqiqo. Ngetyala le-VA kwikhaya elenziwe:
- Ikhaya kufuneka linamathele ngokusisigxina kwisiseko.
- Kumele uthenge ikhaya kunye nelizwe elihlala kulo kwaye ubeka ikhaya njengepropathi yangempela.
- Ikhaya kufuneka libe yindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala yokuqala (engekho indlu yesibini okanye ipropati yotyalo-mali).
- Ikhaya kufuneka lihlangabezane ne-HUD Code kwaye libe neelandi ze-HUD ezifakwe.
Iimali-mboleko ze-FNMA ziyaqhubeka zifumaneka kumakhaya akhiwe, njengoko elo liziko liceba ukwandisa inkxaso-mali yezinto ezikhethiweyo zezindlu. Buza umnini-mboleko wakho ukuba kukho naziphi iinkqubo ezitsha ezifumanekayo ekuthengeni kwakho okuzayo.
Ababoleki abahlukeneyo, iMithetho eyahlukeneyo
Nangona ezinye zeemali-mboleko ezichazwe ngentla zixhaswa nguRhulumente wase-US, ababolekisi bavunyelwe ukusetha imithetho ekhuselekileyo kunokuba izikhokelo zikaRhulumente. Abo "banxiba" bangakukhusela ukuba uboleke, kodwa ezinye iibhanki zingasebenzisa imithetho eyahlukileyo. Esi sizathu esinye sihlawula ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke - kufuneka ufumane umboleki-mali ngeendleko zokhuphiswano, kwaye kufuneka ufumane umboleki-mboleko oza kukufumana iimfuno zakho.
Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kumakhaya akhiqizwayo, ababolekisi banokukuxelela ukuba awufanelanga ukufumana iinkqubo ezikarhulumente. Oku kungenyaniso, kodwa kulungele ukuqinisekisa ngeenombolo ezininzi ze-FHA okanye ii-VA ngaphambi kokuba ulahle ezo zikhetho.
Imizekelo yemimandla apho ababoleki abahlukeneyo bebeka imithetho ehlukileyo:
- Ukuboleka ukulinganisela umlinganiselo: Unokwazi ukubeka phantsi nje ngeepesenti ezingama-3.5, okanye unokufuneka ukuba wenze i-20 ekhulwini ukuhlawula .
- Amanqaku okuthenga ngetyala: Ngokuxhomekeke kwizikolo zakho zemali-mboleko, abanye ababolekisi bangase bangathandi ukusebenzisana nawe, ngelixa abanye babeka iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo okanye bahlawule iimfuno zokuhlawula ngokuxhomekeke kwi-credit yakho .
- Uhlobo lwekhaya: Abanye aba-VA kunye ne-FHA ababolekisi abanqwenela ukuboleka emakhaya akhiqiziweyo, kodwa banokuba bavuleleke ngakumbi kwiimodyuli. Abanye banqwenela ukuxhasa iimali eziza kubakho, kodwa baya kuxhaswa ngamagumbi aphindwe kabini okanye amakhaya amakhulu.
- Indawo yokuhlala: Ukuba uceba ukuhlala epakini okanye kuluntu, ababolekisi bangathanda ukwazi ukuba bangaphi abantu abaqashisayo abaqhathaniswa nawabaninzi amakhaya abo.
- I-Chattel vs. mortgage: Abanye ababolekisi banikela kuphela ngemali-mboleko ye-chattel, ngoko yile mveliso kuphela abaza kukunika yona. Ngokufanayo, abanye ababolekisi abayenzi imali mboleko.