Kwaye inxaxheba iya kuphakama ephakamileyo kwiminyaka ezayo, ngakumbi ukuba imida yokunyuka iya kuphakanyiswa kwaye izicwangciso zokuyila izicwangciso zikhululekile.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukufunda, ngokukhawuleza, ukuba ungenza njani uninzi lwale akhawunti. Ngelishwa, yinto eninzi abathathi-nxaxheba abakwenziyo ngoku, utsho uPaul Fronstin, umlawuli weProgram yophando lwezeMpilo kunye neNkqubo yezeMfundo kwi-Institute of Benefits Research Institute (EBRI).
Oku kungenxa yokudideka okulula: ii-HSA zivakala kakhulu ezinjenge- FSAs (i-akhawunti echitshiweyo ye-akhawunti) , kodwa ngaphandle kokubini ukuba uvumele ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango kunye neerhafu ezingaphambi kweerhafu, zineentlukwano ezinkulu. Enkulu kakhulu: Ukuba awusebenzisi imali kwi-FSA yakho ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, ungayilahleka, ngelixa i-HSA idola kukukho ukugcina nokusebenzisa njengoko ukhetha. Ziyakwazi ukutshintsha xa uguqula imisebenzi. Enyanisweni, uFronstin ubiza ezi ngxelo "into engcono kakhulu apho, kwimeko yerhafu."
Ukuba unelungelo lokufumana enye, yilokho okumele ukwenze:
Vula iAkhawunti
Kuzwakala ngathi akukho-brainer, kodwa ngokwenene, abantu abaninzi abafanelekile ukuvula i-HSA abakwenzi njalo. Ngokwe-2016 ingxelo ye-EBRI, kukho iiprogram ezingama-20 ukuya kwezi-22 ezi-HSA-ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa zi-18.2 yezigidi ze-akhawunti ezivulekileyo, ngokwe-Devenir Research.
Oko kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwabantu ababini nezigidi ezine abane-inshorensi ye-inshorensi yempilo ye-HSA, kodwa bahluleka ukuvula i-akhawunti.
Le ngxaki, kuba kufuneka uvula i-akhawunti ngaphambi kokufumana iindleko zonyango ofuna ukuhlawulwa ngazo, uchaza uDkt. Steve Neeleman, umsekeli kunye nosihlalo we-HSA we-HealthEquity. Akudingeki ukuba ube nayo yonke imali apho ukuhlawula ibango ngaphambi kokuba uyenze, nangona kunjalo. Ngoko unako ukuvula i-akhawunti kwaye uyixhase nge-$ 1 (okanye nayiphi na ibhalansi encinci eyenzekayo), kwaye ungeze imali xa ufuna
Yenza igalelo
Ngokutsho kweDevenir, iipesenti ezingama-20 ze-HSA azizange zihlawuliswe ngo-2016. Oku kubi, kuba kukho iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekuncedeni. Okokuqala, kukho ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo kwimali yokufikelela kwi-$ 3,400 (i-singles) kunye ne-$ 6,750 yezigidi (kwiintsapho) ngo-2017, kwaye abantu abangama-55 nangaphezulu bangabamba i $ 1,000. Imali ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango ezingahlawulwanga (ezibandakanya ezininzi ongenakuzilindela, njengokuhamba ukufumana unyango). Ngokuxhomekeke kwibharkha yakho yerhafu, efana nokucafa iipesenti ezingama-25 okanye ngaphezulu kwiindleko zonyango!
Nangona imali ikhona kwi-akhawunti, inokukhula ikhefu ngaphandle kwemali kwi-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi okanye icebo lokulondoloza ikholeji (ngaphezulu kweso simzuzwana).
Yaye xa ususa imali ukuze usebenzise iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo, awuyi kuhlawula irhafu.
(Ukuba uhoxisa imali oyisebenzisayo kwiindleko ezingezizo zonyango, uza kuhlawula irhafu yengeniso ekhoyo kwinqanaba lakho langoku; kukho ihlawuliso yeepesenti ezingama-20 zokurhoxiswa kwezonyango, nangona emva kweminyaka engama-65 eso sigwebo siyafa.)
Njengenzuzo eyongezelelweyo, abaninzi abaqeshi ngoku banikele ukufaka isandla kwi-HSA yakho njengenkuthazo yokufumana abaqeshwa babo ukuba bathathe isicwangciso sezempilo esinqunyiwe; loo mrhumo ihlala kwi-$ 500 ukuya kwii-1,000 zamaxabiso, nangona abanye abaqeshi banokuphana.
Isicwangciso-qhinga malunga Nokuba ubeke iDola yakho elandelayo
Xa ukhetha apho ubeka khona imali yakho, i-HSA ayifuni nje ngokuxubusha kwixube, ifuphi phezulu kwoluhlu. Qala ngokuthelekisa izikhuthazo zabaqeshi - oko kukuthi, kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuze ukhuthaze i-HSA?
Kwezinye iimeko, konke okufuneka ukwenze kuvule i-akhawunti, oko kuthetha ukuba le nto ikhululekile ngemali!
Emva koko, fundisa i- 401 yakho (k) kwinqanaba elifunekayo ukuze ubambe umdlalo womqeshi. Ekugqibeleni, buyela kunye nenyama kunye negalelo lakho le-HSA ukuze uhlawule irhafu epheleleyo, ngaphambi kokubuyela kwi-401 (k) yakho. Emva kokuba bobabini baxhaswa ngemali ukuze baneliseke, baqhube kwezinye izithuthi zokugcina umhlala-phantsi, ii-akhawunti zokulondoloza iikholeji, kunye ne-akhawunti yokulondoloza ehlanganiswe nezinye iinjongo.
Vula i-Investment Option
Abaninzi (nangona kungengabo bonke) Ababoneleli nge-HSA banikela ithuba lokutyalisa imali enayo kwi-akhawunti, njengokuba wenzayo kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi. Unokufuna ukuqokelela inani elithile lemali ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukwenza oku. Kwi-SelectAccount, umzekelo, xa uncedise i-$ 1,000, unako ukutyalula imali kuyo nayiphi na ishumi elinanye kwishumi elilodwa elikhethiweyo elingenamthwalo; xa udibanise i-$ 10,000, unokuvula i-akhawunti yokuthengisa ngemali ekhompyutheni kwiCharles Schwab, evulela umnyango ukuya kwii-2,500 zeemali eziphathekayo, kunye nezitokhwe, iibhondi kunye nezinye iimali-mali.
Kodwa kufuneka ufake umtshini. Kwaye ngo-Fronstin, kuphela iipesenti ezi-4 zee-akhawunti zine-investment ngaphandle kwemali. Kwakhona, eli limela ithuba elilahlekileyo. Ukufumana ingxelo yoPhando ukuba i-balance balance total ye-akhawunti ye-HSA yokutshala imali ingaphezu kwama-15,000 ayi-$ -000-phantse amaxesha angama-8 ibhalansi ye-akhawunti engekho-mali.
Umzobo Wendlela Oya Kusebenzisa ngayo Imali
Ngethuba nje unayo i-HSA endaweni, kukho ukuguquguquka okukhulu xa kuziwa kokubini inkxaso kunye nokuyisebenzisa. Kanye nje nge-IRA, unikwe umhla wokugqibela werhafu wonyaka olandelayo ukwenza igalelo lakho kunyaka ongaphambili. Oko kuthetha ukuba unako ukunikela iminikelo ngo-2016 ukuya ku-Apreli 15, 2017. (Imingcele yemali yayingama-3,350 ayi-$ 3,750 kwiingoma kunye ne-$ 6,750 kwiintsapho.) Emva kokufaka isandla, unokuzibuyisela ngokwakho ngemali oyisebenzisileyo kunyango ophelileyo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kufuna iimarisizo ezibonayo apho loo mali ihamba khona, kodwa njengoko uFronstin uthi, "ukuba ungekho ukufaka isandla kwiakhawunti kwaye uhlawule iindleko zonyango, oku kungenani ukufumana ukuhlawula irhafu." Kodwa Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho suku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ekubuyiselweni. Oko kuthetha ukuba unako ukutshala imali kwi-akhawunti-ukuvumela ukuba ikhule kwimarike-ngelixa ihlawula iindleko zonyango lwezempilo namhlanje. Ngelo thuba, unako ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwezinto ochithayo kwiinkonzo zempilo, ngoko ngexesha elizayo uza kuzihlawula yonke imali oyichithele ngaphambili - usebenzisa imali enokuzixabisa.
Cinga ngemigomo ye-Lifecycle
Ukuba unganqikaza ukuthungela ngokupheleleyo kwi-HSA echibini ngenxa yokuba kuninzi uxinzelelo olunzulu lokuba ulondoloze umhlalaphantsi, ikholeji kunye nezinye iinjongo, kunokukunceda ukucinga ngawo malunga neminyaka emininzi kunomntu omnye. . Xa usemncinci kwaye unemithwalo embalwa (mhlawumbi ungomnye wabanenhlanhla abambalwa abangenazo iimali-mboleko zabantwana), qwa lasela ithuba lokunyusa umrhumo wakho. Njengoko ukhula, kwaye unabantwana abamba i-mono okanye abaphula imilenze, unokufuna ukuba negalelo elincinci kwaye ufumane imali engaphezulu. Emva koko, njengoko abo bantwana bephuma ekhaya, unokwandisa ukuhamba kwemali kwi-akhawunti kwakhona.