Ziziphi iimali-mali ezide zangexesha elide abazi, ukuba lolu hlobo loshishino lufuna umgama ophezulu, kwaye enye yezona ndlela ezinobungozi zokutshala imali kwisitokisi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala imali kwisitokthi kukusebenzisa iindlela zokhetho, ezinomlinganiselo omncinane, kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi.
Izinketho zeStock
Izinketho ze-Stock zikhetho ezisekelwe kwisitokethi esisodwa (njenge-GOOG ye-Google). Ukukhethwa kwe-Stock kungasetyenziselwa ukurhweba i-stock ngaphandle kokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-stock yangempela. Izinketho ze-Stock zifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi kwi-US, iYurophu ne-Asia, kwaye ziqhele ukuthengiswa ngekhonkrithi enye yezithuba zokukhetha zonke iindidi eziyi-100 zesitokisi esisezantsi. Olunye ulwazi malunga nokukhethwa kwempahla, kuquka inkcazo yezivumelwano zokukhethwa kwezitoko, ziyafumaneka kwinqaku lokukhetha izinto .
Utyalo-mali Ukusebenzisa iindlela
Xa usebenzisa iindlela zokukhetha ukutshala imali kwisitokethi esithile, izizathu zokutshala imali kwisitokethi kufuneka zifanane nokuthengwa kwe-stock. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba urhwebo lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezivumelwano ezikhethiweyo endaweni yesitokisi esisezantsi.
Emva kokuba isitokthi esifanelekileyo sikhethwe, ukuthengiswa kwemali kwisitokhwe kuqhutywe ngendlela elandelayo:
- Thenga enye kwindlela yokufowunelwa imali yonk
- Lindela ixabiso lentengo (kwaye ngoko ke intengo yekhetho) ukwandisa
- Thengisa iinketho zokufowunela ukufumana inzuzo
Izinzuzo zeStock Options
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokusebenzisa iindlela zokukhetha izitokhwe ukutyalomali kwisitokisi.
Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kwamasheya kwindleko engaphantsi kweso sithuthi, ngoko ke inani lemida elifunekayo liphantsi kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abarhwebi abaneenkcukacha ezincinci zokurhweba abanokufaka imali kwiimpahla ezinokuthi zingabikho zifikeleleke kwaye abahwebi banokuba nemisebenzi ethe xaxa isebenzayo ngexesha elifanayo.
Okwesibini, umngcipheko wokukhethwa kwexesha elide ulinganiselwe kwisixa esihlawulwayo, ngoko ingozi yorhwebo iyancipha kwaye iyaziwa kwangaphambili. Xa abaninzi abathathi-zimali bexesha elide besabambe isitokhi xa behla nge-R10 000, umthengisi ongakhetha kukho unokuhlaselwa yi-$ 3,000, kungekho mngcipheko ongakumbi nangakhathaliseki ukuba ixabiso lentengo lihamba ngaphantsi kangakanani.
Umzekelo Wezorhwebo
Umtyalo-mali osisigxina esisigxina uye wagqiba ekubeni bafuna ukutshala imali kwinkampani ye-XYZ. Isitoreji se-XYZ ngoku sithengisa nge $ 430, kwaye ukhetho olulandelayo luphelelwe liinyanga ezimbini. Umtyalo-mali ufuna ukuthenga amasheya ayi-1 ye-XYZ, ngoko benze oku kukhethwa kwezokhetho zorhwebo:
Thenga iintetho ezi-10 zokufowunelwa (inkontileka nganye yokukhetha ixabiso lezabelo eziyi-100), ngexabiso lentengo ye-$ 420, ngexabiso le-15 yezivumelwano zekhetho. Iindleko ezipheleleyo zorhwebo yi-$ 15,000 (ibalwa njenge-$ 15 x 100 x 10 = $ 15,000). Iindleko zokuthenga inani elilinganayo lamashishini kwisitoksi esingaphantsi kwakuya kuba ngu-420,000.
Lindela ixabiso lentengo, kunye nexabiso lokukhetha, ukwandisa. Ukuba inani lentengo le-XYZ landa kwi-$ 450, ixabiso lokukhethwa kwefowuni liya kwanda ukuya kuma-30. Inani lokunyuka kwezinto ezikhethiweyo lixhomekeke ekude kangakanani kwimali okukhethwa kukho. Okukude kwimali okukhethwa kukho, ukunyuka okunyuka kuya kuba ngumlinganiselo we-1: 1.
Thengisa iinketho ezi-10 zeefowuni ngexabiso leedola ezingama-30 kwiikhontrakthi zokhetho. Ixabiso elifunyenweyo ekuphumeni kworhwebo yi-$ 30,000, eyinzuzo ye-15,000 yeeRandi. Ingeniso epheleleyo eyayiza kuyenziwa ukuba urhwebo lwaluye lwaqhutywa ngokusetyenziswa kweso sithuthi bekuya kuba yi-20,000 zamawaka, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhononda malunga ne-5,000 yeeRhafu, funda umhlathi olandelayo malunga neengozi zale shishini.
Umngcipheko wezokhetho zorhwebo unqongophele kwimali ehlawulwe ukuthenga iinketho zekholi (xa ungena kwizorhwebo).
Nangona, kunye ne-stock, akukho mda kwengozi yorhwebo (oko kukuthi lonke utsalo-mali lingasuswa). Ukuba inani lentengo le-XYZ liye lahla ukuya ku-$ 400 (okanye nangaphantsi), ukhetho lwezorhwebo luya kuba nelahleko elikhulu le $ 15,000 (ixabiso lokuqala lokukhethwa kweefowuni). Ngesisimboli sangempela, ilahleko yayiyi-$ 30,000, okanye ngaphezulu xa ixabiso lesitoko liye lahla.
Isiphelo
Ukuba ucinga ngokutshala imali kwisitokisini, cinga ngokusebenzisa i-stock options ngaphandle kwesitokisi esisezantsi. Ukusebenzisa ukhetho lwezithuthi ngale ndlela kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko kunye nokulahlekelwa kwintlekele ekutyala imali kwisitokisini. Oku kunokwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvuza umlinganiselo, kwaye ngoko ke inzuzo yakho.