Ezi Ziyobisi Ziyakushintsha Indlela Yokugula Izifo
I-Biologics yilezi ziyobisi ezenziwe ngama-molecule eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe ngezilwanyana ezincinci, izityalo, okanye iiseli zezilwanyana. Zininzi zezinto eziphilayo ziveliswa nge -teknoloji ye-DNA. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-biopharmaceuticals okanye iziyobisi ze-biological.
Iingcali zezinto eziphilayo ziye zatshintshelwa unyango lwezifo ezininzi ezinzulu kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo kwaye zidibanise izidakamizwa ezincinci zedolokhi ngaphandle kweentengiso eziphezulu. I-rheumatoid arthritis, iintsholongwane ezithile, kunye nesifo sikashukela sinenani elikhulu kakhulu lokunonyango lwe-biologic. I-Biologics iyatshintsha indlela iindlela oogqirha abaphatha ngayo iziganeko eziqhelekileyo eziye zaphazamisa abantu iminyaka.
Generic Biologics
Ngelixa ezininzi iziyobisi zingumakhemikhali owenziwe kwezinye iikhemikhali, i-biologics iyabiza kakhulu ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphezulu, kukho imfuno enkulu yeenguqulelo zemveli zeyeza ze-biologic, ngakumbi ezilishumi ezibhalwe ngezantsi. Iinkampani ezininzi zonyango zifuna ukulungelelanisa ilungelo lokuvelisa iinguqulelo zesiGrike. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukuvelisa, kukho iingxaki malunga nokukwazi ukuvelisa i-generics ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
EziPhambili ze-Biologics
Izidakamizwa ezilishumi ezibhalwe ngezantsi zigqithise kakhulu kakhulu inkcazo yemali ye "blockbuster" esichaza isiza njengokuba ivelise ngaphezu kweebhiliyoni eziyi-1 ngonyaka.
Ngo-2015, i-biologics yaqala ukujongana nokuncintisana nama- biosimilars , okanye i-biogenerics, xa i-Rituximab yaveliswa yi-IDEC Pharmaceuticals phantsi kwe- IDEC-C2B8 . [1] I-patent yase-US ikhishwe ngo-1998 kwaye yaphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2015. I-Humira yalahlekelwa ukukhuselwa kwelungelo lobunikazi ngo-2016 kwaye i-Remicade iya kulahlekelwa ukukhuselwa kwayo ngo-2018.
Amanani angezantsi angokugqibela okufumaneka kwimveliso nganye.
01 Humira
Iimpawu: I- rheumatoid arthritis, i-psqueasis ye-plaque, isifo sika-Crohn, isifo sezilonda zesilonda, i-spondylitis engavumelaniyo; i-psoriatic arthritis, i-polyarticular i-idiopathic arthritis
Umkhiqizi: AbbVie, i-Abbott Laboratories iyahlulwa
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 14 billion
Igama lesiGrike : Adalimumab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 2002
02 Khuphela
Iimpawu: I- rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sikaCrohn, isifo se-spondylitis eskylosing, i-psoriatic arthritis, i-psqueasis ye-plaque, i-ulcerative colitis
Umenzi: Johnson & Johnson / Merck & Co.
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i $ 5.78 billion
Igama lesiGrike : i- Infliximab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1998
03 Rituxan
Isibonakaliso: I- non-Hodgkins lymphoma, i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo, i-rheumatoid arthritis
Umenzi: Roche
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 7.32 yezigidigidi
Igama lesiGrike : Rituximab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1997
04 Enbrel
Inkcazo: I- rheumatoid arthritis, i-plaque psoriasis, i-psoriatic arthritis
Umenzi: uPfizer / Amgen
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2016: iibhiliyoni ezingama-23
Igama lesiGrike : I- Etanercept
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1998
05 Lantus
Isibonakaliso: Isifo sikashukela
Umenzi: Sanofi
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 6.98 yezigidigidi
Igama lesiGrike : I- insulin glargine [i-rNNA origin] injection
Umhla wokuqalisa: 2000
06 Avastin
Isibonakaliso: Ubisi, i-colorectal, iinjongo, engekho encinci- i-glioblastoma, i-ovarian cancers
Umenzi: Roche
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 6.95 yezigidigidi
Igama lesiGrike : Bevacizumab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 2004
07 Herceptin
Umqondiso: I- HER2 + yomhlaza wesifuba
Umenzi: Roche
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 6.59 yezigidigidi
Igama lesiGrike : i- Trastuzumab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1998
08 Neulasta
Umenzi: Amgen
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2016: i $ 4.6 billion
Igama lesiGrike : Pegfilgrastim
Umhla wokuqalisa: 2002
09 Lucentis
Isibonakaliso: Ukuchithwa kwe-macular ukudala
Umenzi: Roche, Novartis
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2015: i-$ 4.2 billion
Igama lesiGrike : Ranibizumab
Umhla wokuqalisa: 2006
10 Avonex
I-Gemany's Fraunhofer Institute ye-Interfacial Engineering kunye ne-Biotechnology IGB kunye neCinnaGen Inkampani yathintela i-Interferon beta-1a kwaye ukususela ngo-2006 isiza sithengiswe njengeCinnoVex, i-biosimilar, e-Iran.
Isibonakaliso: I- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Umenzi : Biogen Idec
Ukuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2014: iibhiliyoni ezingama-3
Igama lesiGrike : i- Interferon beta-1a
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1996