Umngcipheko, ubuyisele kunye nemvelo
Abaphathi bee-asethi badala isitatimende somgaqo-nkqubo we-investments (IPS) ekhethekileyo kuwo onke amaziko aphezulu kunye nabaphezulu abaxhamli be-client (HNW). I-IPS enjalo ichaza ngokucacileyo yonke imiba ephathekayo echaphazela iinjongo kunye neengxaki ezibekwe kwingcambu yotyalo-mali ngabaphathi-mali kunye nabathengi babo be-HNW.
Isitampu se-IPS yesitatimende siquka iinjongo ezimbini, ezi "ingozi" kunye "nokubuyela". Ezi njongo zibini zikwaziswa ngemithintelo emihlanu.
Imithintelo emihlanu yi "horizontal time", "irhafu", "ityala", "i-legal", kunye "neyodwa". Ezi zimbini iinjongo kunye nemithintelo emihlanu yenza ifom RRTTLLU .
Inkunzi yemvelo ivela kwiingcamango ezinxulumene nentengo yezoqoqosho kunye nenkunzi yabantu. Inkunzi yemvelo ibandakanya iimpahla ezilinganisa iimpawu kunye nobungakanani bomoya, umhlaba, amanzi, kunye neentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuhamba kweenkonzo zendalo kunye neempahla ezivela kule mikhumbi ukuya kwixesha elizayo. Imizekelo yemali yendalo yemali ibandakanya umgangatho wamanzi kunye nemilinganiselo yamanzi kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ezinokubakho, indlela iindalo eziphilayo eziphucula ngayo ukuveliswa kwamanzi kwietyunithi zokutya, indlela ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kungakuphucula ngayo ixabiso lexabiso lempahla, kwaye ukuphucula umgangatho womoya kuphucula impilo yabantu.
Kwinkcazo yomgaqo-mali-mali, izitokhwe zemali zendalo kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi zingabandakanywa kwicandelo ngalinye lomzekelo weRRTTLLU. Olu qhagamshelwano luvumela abaphathi bee-asethi ukuba bafake iikhrayitheriya zemali zendalo kwiindlela zabo zokulawula utyalo.
Nangona akusiyo imilinganiselo yoshishini, abaphathi bee-asethi abanegunya lokubandakanya inkunzi yemvelo ibe yizigqibo zeepotifoliyo bafumana izibonelelo zokwenza njalo.
Omnye umzekelo yiNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweNdalo yoLuntu okwakhiwa ngoku i-Natural Capital Coalition (NCC). Le protocol iya kunika indlela yokudibanisa yabachaphazelekayo kumashishini kuwo wonke umhlaba ukulinganisa iimpembelelo zabo kunye nendlela abaxhomekeke ngayo kwindalo yengqongileyo, izixhobo zayo zokugcina izinto kunye nezendalo zokusebenza.
Inkampani kunye nolwimi oluthile kulo mgaqo-nkqubo uya kwazisa abaphathi abaziintloko kule nkampani kwizigqibo ezinkulu ezixhomekeke kwi-firm. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi bee-asethi, umgaqo-nkqubo uza kubandakanywa novavanyo lwabahlalutyi kunye neencomo zenkampani eziphumo.
Emva kokuba imodeli yeRRTTLLU igqityiwe, ulwazi oluphakathi ngaphakathi luye lwahlanganiswa kwaye lusetyenziswe ukwakha iphothifoliyo enamathele kulowo mtyalo-mali. Injongo kukuqala ukujonga iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo zenkampani nganye kunye nezoshishino kunye nokwakha iphothifoliyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezinga elivunyelweneyo lokubuya okanye ukubuyisela i-degree of acceptable accreditation. Isandi sikhulu, kunene? Kuthe kuthiwani ukuba ngaba abaphathi beefa ezifanayo behluleka ukubandakanya yonke i-taxonomy yeenjongo kunye nemithintelo-i-taxonomy yentengo-ntengiso yemali ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi bemvelo kunye nokuhamba?
I-Markowitz 'I-Today's Portfolio Theory ibonisa ukuba abatyalo-mali kufuneka bahlawulelwe ngenzuzo ephezulu yokuthatha umngcipheko ophezulu. Abaphathi bee-Asset baqonda iingozi ezibangelwa ngabakhuphiswano, ukuguqula iimfuno zabaxhasi, kunye neemarike ezinkulu. Ngako oko, umphathi we-asethi ahlukanisa iiphothifoliyo zazo kwaye unciphise ingozi engatshintshiyo ngokutyalomali kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, amashishini kunye neeklasi ze-asethi.
Kodwa ngaba abaphathi bee-asethi balinganisa njani iimpembelelo kwiinjongo kunye neenjongo zokubuyela, kunye nexesha eliphezulu, iirhafu, i-liquidity, zomthetho, kunye neengxaki ezizodwa ezithathwa yi-stocks capital and flows? Umzekelo onobuchule bale nkqubela yemali yendalo ekulawuleni iphothifoliyo yindlela abaphathi bee-asethi bafumana ngayo umngcipheko wemozulu kwi-portfolio management. Ekubeni ingozi yemozulu yengozi yemali eyaziwayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, abaphathi bee-asethi ngoku bahlala bebandakanya kwixabiso lazo iinkampani ezixhonywe esidlangalaleni ukuhlalutya umngcipheko kunye nokubuyiselwa okuhambelana nezobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa okuphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, iinkampani kwi-shishini elivuselelekayo lamashishini kunye ne-industry-mining-industry ye-charter ngoku yabona amaxabiso abo olwabiwo asebenzayo ngolu hlobo lwemali. Ngokufanayo, iinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni zase-US ezithembela kumalahle omhlaba wesizukulwana esitsha ziyakwazi ukufumana iziphumo zokugweba ezivela kwi- EPA ecwangcisiweyo ye-Power Plan kusukela ngoJuni 2 walo nyaka ukuphazamisa izityalo zokushisa amalahle.
Ngokufanayo, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge icacise enye inkampani yokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshweyo ezisandul 'umcimbi wevidiyo engekho phantsi kwe-ON ebonwa ngabantu abangama-78 500 ngeyure yokupapashwa? Abaphathi bee-asethi banquma njani i-calculus ye-share share market kunye nokulahleka kweengeniso ngokukhawuleza kule fomu yomonakalo okwakubonwayo?
Ekugqibeleni, ngabaphathi bee-asethi bahlawula njani iimpembelelo kwindalo yemvelo kwenkampani ethile okanye kwicandelo elithile? NgoNovemba ka-2011, i-PUMA yenze ngokuzithandela iindleko zokusingqongileyo kwemisebenzi yayo kwizigidi ezingama-190 okanye i-70% yeenzuzo zayo, ngokuqinisekileyo i-metric ininzi ibonwa njengento efanelekileyo kunye nemali.
Okwangoku, i-HNW okanye umxhasi weziko, ngethuba ekubuyiseleni, unokufumanisa ukuba utsalo-mali alufanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kumbono womngcipheko / umvuzo xa iimpazamo zezemali ezichaphazelekayo ezinxulumene nezitokhwe zendalo zemvelo kunye nokuhamba kwazo ziyafakwa.
Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zihamba ngokuthe tye kwi-adoption yefom edibeneyo ye-accounting equka iindleko zemali kunye neyezimali. Nangona kunjalo, kude kubekho ixesha eli lilungele ngokupheleleyo kwaye lipapashwa kubo bonke abatyali-mali ukuba bahlalutye, abaphathi beefayili bangasebenzisa imisebenzi yabo yokugcina imali kunye nabathengi babo ngokudibanisa imilinganiselo yendalo yemali kwiingxelo zabo zomgaqo-nkqubo kwi-RRTTLLU kunye neenjongo zayo ezinobungozi kunye neenjongo zokubuyela .