Ucwangciso lweerhafu oluyi-Smart luyakusindisa imali kumhlalaphantsi.
Iibhanki zerhafu zisebenza njani
Nantsi i-primer esheshayo kwimivuzo yokusebenza yerhafu. Lo ngumzekelo wabalingani abatshatileyo abafakela ngokubambisana (amazinga angama-2017):
- Yonke idola yengeniso ehlawulwa irhafu phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-18,650 yerhafu ihlawuliswa kwizinga eli-10%.
- I-dollar nganye phakathi kwe-18,651 yeeRandi kunye ne-75,900 yezigidi ihlawuliswa kwi-15%.
- Yonke idola yemali engenayo engenayo ngaphezu kwe-$ 75,901 ukuya kwi $ 153,100 ihlawuliswa kwi-25%.
Emva koko, Beka Ukuhlaziywa Kwentela
Emva kokuba uqonde ukuba iibakaki zerhafu zisebenza njani, kufuneka wenze ukuhlaziywa kwentela ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka ngamnye. Oku kuqikelelwa kukuqikelelwa kwento ocinga ukuba ingeniso yakho yerhafu iya kuba. Olu qi kelelo luyimfuneko kuwe ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izicwangciso eziza kusebenza kakuhle kuwe.
Ukuba ingeniso yakho ehlawulwa irhafu iya kuba ngu-$ 75k okanye ngaphezulu, funda ukufumana iindlela zokucima imali evela kubakaki abaphezulu. Ukuba ingeniso yakho ehlawulwa irhafu iya kuba yi-$ 75k okanye iphantsi, funda apha ngezantsi ukuba ufunde ukuba kutheni ufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuzalisa iibhanki ezingezantsi zerhafu.
Ingeniso ehlawulwayo Ingeniso engaphezulu kwama-dollar angama-75k Ukutshata / i-$ 38k engekho
Iifayile eziphezulu ezifumana imali zifuna ukufumana iindlela zokucima imali evela kubakaki abangaphezulu.
Umzekelo: Ukusebenzisa iibhanki zerhafu ngaphezulu kweli nqaku, kwisibini esitshatileyo, ukuba unayo imali engama-82,500 engeniso ehlawulwayo, i-$ 6 600 yeyona mali engenayo iya kuhlawuliswa kwi-25%. Uya kuhlawula iRhafu ye-1,650 yerhafu kwii-6 600 zeengeniso.
Sebenzisa ezi zilandelayo ngcamango ukuguqula ingeniso kwibhonki ephantsi:
- Hlela kwakhona utyalo-mali lwakho ukunciphisa imali engenayo. Ufuna utyalo-mali oluvelisa inzala yomhlala-phantsi ukuba ibanjwe ngaphakathi kweakhawunti yomhlala phantsi, kunye notyalo-mali olwenza igalelo lentengo kunye neengeniso ezifanelekileyo eziza kubanjwa ngaphandle kwee-akhawunti zomhlalaphantsi.
- Thatha imali encinci kwi-akhawunti ye-retraite kwiminyaka apho enye imithombo yemali ingenayo.
- Qaphela ukulahlekelwa kwemali-mali ukuhlawula imali eyinzuzo .
- Kubanikezeli abafumana umvuzo ophezulu, benze igalelo elithintekayo kwizicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi. Oku kunengqiqo enkulu xa uwela kwi-33% okanye kwi-35% yentela yerhafu. Ngoba? Inokwenzeka xa usuhlala phantsi kwaye uqala ukuthatha ukurhoxiswa, i-bracket yakho yerhafu iya kuba sezantsi, kwi-15% ukuya kwi-28%. Ukuba unako ukukhangela imali namhlanje kwi-35%, kwaye uhlawule irhafu kamva kwi-15%, leyo ibangela ukugcinwa okukhulu.
- Ukwandisa isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi njengomlinganiselo wokunyuka. Ngomhla we-Oktobha i-IRS idlulisela umda omtsha wegalelo kwi-401 (k), i-IRAs kunye nezinye izicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi. Unyaka ngamnye, qiniseka ukuba uhlalutye umrhumo wakho wokuhlawula umvuzo wokubeka imali ephezulu kwizicwangciso zakho. Ngo-2016 no-2017, umzekelo, u-401 (k) umda wegalelo wale minyaka yobudala engama-50 ukuya phezulu u-$ 24,000 kuquka ne-6,000 ye-catch-up.
Ingeniso ehlawuliswayo engaphantsi kwe-$ 75k Ukutshata / i-$ 38k engatshatanga
Abahlawuli berhafu abaphantsi bafanele benze ukhetho oluhlukileyo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukugcinwa kwentela. Khetha ezimbalwa:
- Mhlawumbi akufanele ube negalelo kwiakhawunti yomhlala-phantsi. Kunoko, fundisa iRoth IRA, okanye wenze iRoth iminikelo yakho kwi-401 (k) isicwangciso.
- Sebenzisa iminyaka engenamvuzo-ntlawulo ukuthabatha iRARA kunye nokuhlawula irhafu. Bona iinkcukacha malunga nale qhinga locwangciso lwerhafu ngaphantsi.
- Cinga ukuguqula i-akhawunti yakho ye-IRA, okanye inxalenye yayo, kwiRoth IRA.
1. Sebenzisa iminyaka engaphantsi kwemali ukuxhasa i-akhawunti yeRoth
Kwiminyaka apho ingeniso yakho ehlawulwa irhafu iya kuba sezantsi, iRoth IRA okanye iRoth 401 (k) iminikelo inengqiqo.
Umzekelo: I-arhente yendawo yokuhlala Iyakwazi ukunikezelwa ngemali yonyaka ehlawulwa irhafu kwi-401 (k) isicwangciso. Ekupheleni konyaka ophantsi, sijonge imeko yakhe yerhafu kwaye saqonda ukuba uya kuba sebhasi ephantsi yerhafu ngaloo nyaka.
Kwakungenanga ingqondo ukuba enze igalelo elidityanisiweyo ukwenzela ukuba agcine i-10% kwiirhafu ngoku, ukuba enze ukurhoxiswa iminyaka elishumi ukususela ngoku, kwaye uhlawule irhafu kwinqanaba eli-15%. Ngoko ke wancedisa kwiRoth IRA esikhundleni sokuba enze igalelo elincinci kwi-401 (k) icebo.
2. Thatha i-IRA Ukurhoxiswa
Kule minyaka yobudala engama-59 / 1/2 okanye ngaphezulu, ungacinga ukuba uthathe iRRA ukuxothwa kwixesha elingaphantsi kwengeniso, nangona ungafunwa.
Nesi sizathu sokuba oku kusebenze. Emva kokunyuselwa kweemali ezichithwayo, ezifana nokunyuka kwemithwalo yemali kunye nezindleko zonyango, abanye abahlala phantsi banokuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kuneniso. Kwiminyaka apho oku kwenzeka khona, le nto inokuba yithuba elihle lokurhoxisa imali kwiakhawunti yomhlalaphantsi kunye nokuhlawula irhafu kwi-10% kuphela okanye kwi-15%.
Esikhundleni saloo nto, abaninzi abahlala emakhaya ba landela ubulumko obuqhelekileyo, kwaye iifayile ezikhutshwe irhafu zikhule zize zikhule zize zinyanzeliswe ukuba zithathe iindleko ezincinci ezifunekayo kwiminyaka engama-70 ½. Ukuba ulinda de ukuya kuma-70 ½ ubudala, ukusasazwa okuncinci okufunekayo kunokuba kuninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ke ikutshintshela kwi-bracket yerhafu ye-25%.
Ngokuthatha imali yokurhoxiswa kwiminyaka apho ingeniso ehlawulwa irhafu iphantsi, unako ukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu ephezulu ye-10% - 15% kwiirhafu emva kwehla.