Igosa lombuso lixhasa le ngcamango, kodwa iimbopheleleko ezifihliweyo zikhuselekile?
Ingcamango esemva kwesibophelelo sibophekile. Iibhondi zixhaswa yimali yokuphuma kwemali eyenziwe kwi-pool yangaphakathi. Ibhanki ithenga i-bunch of investments-generating investments, idibanisa yona, kwaye ikhupha ibhondi exhaswa yimali evela kutyalo-mali.
Leyo qoqo-mali-mali, ebizwa ngokuba yi "pool pool", iqulethe i-mortgages okanye i-loans sector. Ngaloo ndlela, izibophelelo ezigqityiweyo zidala ukuhamba kwemali kubalimi-mali ngokukodwa ngendlela eqinisekisiwe ngayo i-aseset-secured securities.
Ngaba iibhondi ezifihliweyo zikhuselekile?
Kukho umehluko oyintloko phakathi kweekhonkco ezihlanganisiweyo kunye neemali ezixhaswa yi-asethi, ngokutsho kwe-bond-investing giant Pimco. "Imali-mboleko exhasa inkxaso-mboleko ihlala e-bhanki yebhanki elikhuphayo." Okanye, ukuyibeka kwisiNgesi esilula, ukuba iziko lezemali elithengisa ibhonkco elibophekileyo liya kubhoxiswa, abatyali-mali kwibophelo eboshweyo bagcina ukufikelela kwabo kwi-"pool cover". Ngoko ke xa uthengisa ibhondi eboshwe kwi-Wall Street BigWig Investment Bank kwaye ibhanki ihamba ngesisu, usenokuba ufumana iintlawulo zentlawulo yakho kunye nokufumana inqununu yakho emva kokuba i-bond bond ikhula.
Ngamanye amazwi, ibhondi ehlanganisiweyo ibhondi ebumbini eliqhelekileyo ekhutshwe liziko lemali kodwa kunye nocwangciso olongezelelweyo lokukhusela abatyalo-mali.
Ukukhuselwa okongezelelweyo kubangelwa ngokubanzi kwiziphumo ze-AAA zeebhondi ezibophekileyo.
Ndingayithenga phi iBond eViweyo?
Indawo elula ukuthenga isibophelelo esixutywe kwiYurophu, ngakumbi eJamani apho iimbopho zibizwa ngokuba yiPfandbriefe . Izibophelelo ezifanayo zingalandelwa kuma-1700s eJamani.
Ukuthenga oku kutyalomali kwetyala kufutshane nekhaya akulula, kodwa izinto zitshintsha kancane.
Amabhanki amabini ase-US - iBhanki yaseMelika kunye neWashington Mutual - ikhutshelwe izibophelelo zango-2006, kodwa iingxaki zemboleko zatshatyalaliswa phambi kokuba imarike ingakhula kwaye ingcamango yendlela entsha yokukhuseleka kwe-asethi yayingathandwanga ngokukhethekileyo kubahwebi okanye abatyali-mali. Emva koko uNobhala we-Nondyebo ka-US u-Henry Paulson uvakalise inkxaso kwizithuthi zotyalo-mali ekuqaleni kuka-2008, kwaye ngoJulayi 15, 2008, i-Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (i-FDIC) ikhuphe izikhokelo malunga nendlela iimbopheleleko ezibophelelwe ngayo eza kuhlawulwa ngethuba lokungaphumeleli kwebhanki. Kodwa iibhonkco ezigqityiweyo azizange zithathwe njengotyalo-mali olukhulayo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ngo-2013, kwaye sinokulinda nje ukuba sibone indlela - kwaye ukuba-ulawulo olutsha lomongameli luya kubachaphazela ngo-2017.
Ngaba Umele Uthenge Ibhondi Efihliweyo?
Njengamanye iimveliso ezivela kwimpahla efana ne-securities-backed securities kunye ne- swaps default default , i-complexity and minimum-investments requirements iya kunciphisa ukufikeleleka kweemarike ezibopheleleyo kwiimali-mali kunye nezikolo eziphezulu. Kwaye mhlawumbi into enhle. Ababukeli bemarike elide baya kuqaphela ukuba siye sahla kule ndlela ngaphambili kwaye sibonile ukuba utyalo-mali obunzima obudalwa ngabantu abanobuchule kwiWall Street alukho utyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo kuba abantu abahlakaniphile kakhulu egumbini bahlala bebutyebi .