Uluntu kunye noBucala
Ngaphambi kokuba umntu atyala imali kwishishini, kufuneka afumene ukuba likarhulumente okanye ngasese. Inkampani yokuthengiswa esidlangalaleni yinto enesabelo sesitokhwe esithengiswa kwimarike evulekileyo.
Iinkampani ezizimeleyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanalo izabelo ezikhoyo ukuthengwa koluntu. Iinkampani ezizimeleyo zinokuba ngumntu ngamnye, intsapho, ubambiswano, abasebenzi okanye iqela elincinci labatyalomali.
Ukuze umzekelo umehluko, cinga ngoHershey no-Mars, ezimbini zezona nkampani ezinkulu kwi-candy kwihlabathi. Ibhizinisi le-chocolate leMolton Hershey elidlulileyo lithengiswa esidlangalaleni kwiNew York Stock Exchange. Umtyalo-mali ngamnye unokuthatha ikhekhe yakhe kwaye athathe izabelo kwinkampani, inzuzo kuyo yonke i-Hershey bar okanye inkomishi ye-butterfly ye-Reese ithengiswe. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ye-Mars ibingama-billion-dollar ye-Mars. Umtyalo-mali akazange akwazi ukuthenga izabelo ngaphandle kokuba amalungu entsapho avumele ukuba athole ezinye zazo ezigcinwe ngokuthe ngqo, kwisitokh
Umntu unokujonga njani ukuba inkampani iyindawo kawonkewonke okanye eyimfihlo? Indlela elula, eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokuphendula lo mbuzo kukubiza umnkampani kwaye ubuze.
Ngelo xesha, amaninzi amabhsayithi ewebhu anikezela ulwazi ngobume babo; Qinisekisa ukuba, ukuba ubona "ulwalamano" lotyalo-mali, inkampani iyindawo kawonkewonke. Ukungabikho kwecandelo elinjalo akuthethi nto. Thatha, umzekelo, isiqhamo seLoom. Umkhiqizi wangaphantsi akathengiswanga esidlangalaleni kuba ngumasipala waseBerkshire Hathaway , Inc.
I-Berkshire, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithengiswa kwiNew York Stock Exchange. Ngenxa yoko, umtyalo-mali unokukwazi ukutyalombela ngokuthe ngqo kwiziko loshishino ngokusebenzisa inkampani yomzali oqhutyelwa esidlangalaleni.
Uphawu lweTikiti
Emva kokuba umtyalomali efumene inkampani ithengiswa esidlangalaleni, kufuneka ikhangele uphawu lwekhenikhi yenkampani. Isimboli sekhayibhile yindlela yokuqokelela iileta ezimela isitokethi esithile ekutshintshiseni okanye kwimarike yecala. I-Microsoft, umzekelo, yi-MSFT. I-Cisco Systems yi-CSCO. I-Berkshire Hathaway ineempawu zamabhikishi amabini, enye yezabelo zayo zeklasi (BRKA) kunye nolunye lwezabelo zeB B (BRKB). I-Coca-Cola i-KO. IWashington Post yi-WPO.
Ukufumana isimboli seelayiti yenkampani, umnini-zimali angabiza umthengisi wakhe okanye aye kwisayithi njenge-Yahoo Finance. Kanye kwiphepha eliphambili, unokukhetha ukhetho lwe "uphawu lophawu". Ikhasi eliphumo liza kumvumela ukuba angene kwinkampani (okanye inkampani yomzali kwimeko yenkxaso-mali enjenge-Fruit of Loom) igama.
Ngomqondiso wekhayibhile ngesandla , umtyalo-mali unokubuyela kwiziko le-Yahoo Finance kwaye angene kuyo. Emva kokunyanzela iqhosha lokufumana "quote", uya kuthathwa kwiphepha lesishwankathelo elibandakanya isicatshulwa samanje sesabelo esinye sesefu yenkampani, ixabiso lemalike yoshishino, ukuhlawula okukhoyo kwangoko kunye nokuvelisa ulwazi, ixabiso lentengo- isilinganiso somvuzo kwiinyanga ezililishumi elinesibini kunye nezinye izinto ezenza umdla.
Ukufumana iiNgxelo zonyaka, i-SEC Filings kunye namanye amaxwebhu ezeMali
Ukucinga ukuba amanani abonakalisiweyo abonakala ethembisa kumtyalomali, uya kufisa ukufumana ikopi yengxelo yonyaka yenkampani, isitatimende sommeli kunye no-10k. Ngenxa yoko, uya kufumana i-intanethi umthombo okhululekileyo we-free, ulwazi olufike ngexesha. Enye yezona zixhobo ezintle zikhululekile u-Edgar, i-database yeengxelo zonyaka kunye ne-SEC filings. Ukongezelela, umtyalomali unokuqhagamshelana nesebe lobudlelane nabanini-nxaxheba kwenkampani apho unomdla ngefowuni okanye kwiwebhu kwaye ufuna isicelo. Umgca ophantsi: Phantse yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana ingafumaneka kwingxelo yonyaka , isitatimende sommeli , kunye no- 10K .
Iiprogram zokubuyisela kwakhona iiNkqubo (ii- DRIPs ) kunye neziCwangciso zokuThengiswa kweSondlo
Ukuba, emva kokuhlalutyo ngokuchanekileyo kweengxelo zemali kunye noqoqosho lwezoqoqosho, umtyalomali unqwenela ukwakhiwa kwexesha elide kwinkampani, unokufuna ukuqwalasela inkqubo yokubuyisela inzuzo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye / okanye isicwangciso sokuthengwa kwempahla esithe ngqo .
Ezi zombini zezi zixazululo ezifanelekileyo ukuba unqwenela ukuqala idireji yeendleko zemilinganiselo kwiinkampani; owangaphambili uza kutshala ngokuzenzekelayo izabelo zakhe kwizabelo ezongezelelweyo zesitokhwe ngelixa ekugqibeleni uya kunikezela ngokuchithwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo kwi-akhawunti yakhe yokujonga okanye yokugcina ukuthenga amasheya esitokisini ngaphandle kokuncedisa umthengisi. I-Equiserve iyinqolobane yehhala equlethwe ngolwazi kwiintlobo zombini zeeprogram kumawaka eenkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni kwi-United States.