Amanyathelo okuthenga iiNgxowa-mali eziManyeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni
Ukukhetha indawo yokuthenga i-Mutual Funds
Nangona unako ukuthenga iimali ezixhasayo kunye nomthengisi wezaphulelo, ezifana noCharles Schwab okanye iStratrade, indlela efanelekileyo yokuthenga iimali zengxowa-mali ngokubambisana nenkampani.
Kodwa awufuni ukuqala kunye nayiphi na inkampani yenkampani yokuxhasa imali; uya kufuna ukwenza uphando oluthile ukuze ufumane inkampani ehloniphekileyo enokukhethwa ngokubanzi kweendleko eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi.
Qala uphando lwakho ngenye yeenkampani ezingenakudityaniswa kwemali zengxowa-mali , ezifana neVanguard , Fidelity, kunye neT. Rowe Price. Iimali zengxowa-mali ezingenayo imirhumo yokuthengisa, ezibizwa ngokuba yimithwalo, ezinokuphakama njenge-5.75% yentengo. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga imali engekho mthwalo, uthengisa izabelo ngaphandle kokuhlawula imithwalo. Kwakhona, ezi nkampani ezixhaswa ngemali zinikela ngeengxowa-mali ezininzi ezihlukeneyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ezilinganiswa ngengozi yeendleko . Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi iimali zeVanguard zineendleko ezingaphantsi kwe-0.30%, eyi-$ 30 kuzo zonke i-$ 10,000 ezityalomali, ngelixa iindleko eziqhelekileyo zenkxaso-mali ezininzi zilapha ngaphezu kwe-1% okanye kathathu kweVanguard. Xa unako ukugcina iindleko eziphantsi, kwaye uthenge iimali zekhwalithi ngexesha elifanayo, ukubuyela kwakho kwexesha elide kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphakamileyo.
Ukulondoloza ukuthenga kwakho kwe-Mutual Fund yokuqala
Uninzi lweemali eziphathekayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-minimum purchase year, yiyiphi imali oyakuyidinga ukuyigcina ngaphambi kokuthenga amasheya esikhwama sakho sokuqala. Uninzi lweenkampani zengxowa-mali zincinci zincinci zokuthenga ubuncinane ubuncinane be-$ 1,000. Ngokomzekelo, ininzi yeengxowa-mali zakwa-Vanguard zineemfuno zokuthenga ubuncinane zokuthenga ezi-3,000 zamaRandi.
Iimali zokunyaniseka zihlala kwi $ 2,500. Nangona kunjalo, xa uthengisa kuqala, ukuthengwa okulandelayo kwenkxaso-mali ngokuqhelekileyo kufana ne-$ 100.
Ngoko ekulungiseleleni ukuthengwa kokuqala kwengxowa-mali, kuzakufuneka ulondoloze ngokwaneleyo ukugqithisa ubuncinci.
Ukuvula i-Akhawunti ukuthenga i-Mutual Funds
Ukuba awunayo i-akhawunti yokutshala imali kwiinkampani zenkampani yokuthengisa okanye inkampani ye-fund, uya kufuneka uvule enye ngaphambi kokuba ulungele ukuthenga okokuqala. Ukuvula i-akhawunti ayifuni imali; konke okufuneka ukwenze kukhetha inkampani apho uza kutyalomali kwaye ulandele iinkqubo zabo.
Ukuvula i-akhawunti yezobalo-mali ilula kakhulu kwiinkampani ezininzi zengxowa-mali. Indlela elula yokuvula i-akhawunti i-intanethi. Iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ziya kubandakanya izinto owaziyo, njengegama lakho, idilesi, umhla wokuzalwa kunye nenombolo yokhuseleko loluntu.
Uya kufuneka kwakhona ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwe-akhawunti elungileyo kwiimfuno zakho zokutyalomali. Nazi iinkalo zeakhawunti eziphambili kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo:
- I-Akhawunti yokuRhawulwa ngabanye: Yiyo i-akhawunti yerhwebo rhoqo eyenzelwe umntu (omnye umntu). Iminikelo ayinako ukuhlawula irhafu, kwaye abatyali-mali bahlawula irhafu kwiintengo ezinkulu kunye nezihlawulelo. Ukufumana oku ngakumbi kule nto, jonga eli nqaku malunga nokuhlawulwa kweerhafu zemali .
- I-Akhawunti yokuBambisana ngokuBambisana: Oku kusebenza ngokufana ne-akhawunti ye-brokerage, ngaphandle kokuba kubakho ababini be-akhawunti, njengabafazi.
- I-Akhawunti ye-Retirement Individual: Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-IRA, abantu abafanelekayo bangenza iminikelo engabhatalwa. Ukukhula kuhlawulwa irhafu, oku kuthetha ukuba abanikazi beakhawunti abakhokheli irhafu kude kube yilapho ihoxiswa.
- I-Roth IRA: Le akhawunti yempesheni yomhlalaphantsi exhaswa ngemali yerhafu emva kwerhafu, oku kuthetha ukuba iminikelo ayinako ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo, njengokuba i-IRA yendabuko. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwerhafu kunye nokunikezelwa okufanelekileyo (ukuhoxiswa) akukho ntlawulo. Ukufumana okungakumbi kwiRoth kunye ne-IRA yendabuko, jonga eli nqaku malunga nendlela i-IRAs isebenza ngayo .
Iimali ezigqwesileyo kwiingxowa-mali
Ingaba uqala ukutshala imali okanye ufuna ukwakha iphothifoliyo ukusuka kwi-bottom up ngendlela engcono kakhulu, kukho imali encinci yeemali ezidibeneyo zokufumana umsebenzi.
Ukukhetha imali engcono kakhulu yokubambisana kakhulu kunokuthenga abathengi abangcono kakhulu kunyaka odluleyo. Kunoko, abatyalo-mali baqiqile ukuba bazi iinjongo zabo zophuhliso kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo kwaye balungiselele isicwangciso sexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ulondoloze umhlalaphantsi, mhlawumbi ixesha lakho liphezulu ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Kuthetha ukuba unokuthatha ingozi enkulu, oko kuthetha ukuba uya kuba neyona mali eyongezelelweyo yemali eyabelwe imali kwimali yebhanki .
Njengoko abaninzi abatyalo-mali bathenga iimali ezixhasayo kwixesha elide, kwaye uninzi lwabatyalo-mali abalinganayo abafuna ukuthatha ingozi ekufumaneni imbuyekezo ephezulu (kodwa kungekho izinga eliphezulu lomngcipheko) siya kugxila ekwakheni iphothifoliyo yale njongo ( ixesha elide, umngcipheko ophakathi).
Nazi ezinye zezona mali ezifanelekileyo zokuqala iipotifoliyo ezide.
- Iimali zee-Index ze- S & P 500 : Imali ye- Index ingaba yindawo enhle yokuqala ukwakha iphothifoliyo yeemali ezixhamlileyo kuba ezininzi zazo zinamaxabiso angaphantsi kakhulu kwaye zinokunika ithuba lokufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi okanye amagumbi esitokisini emele amashishini athile kwisikolo esisodwa. Njengoko igama labo libonisa, i-index index ithatha nje izitokethi ezifanayo ezifunyenwe kwisikhombisi. I-Index ye-S & P 500 ityala imali kwi-500 yezona nkampani ezinkulu zase-US. Iimali zekhompyutheni zilawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga, nto leyo ithetha injongo yabo ephambili kukubonakalisa ukubamba kunye nokusebenza kwesalathisi kwaye ngoko iindleko zokusebenzisa le mali ziphantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, unokuhlangabezana nomnqophiso wokuqala wokufumana imali ephantsi-mali, eyahlukeneyo xa uthenga iimali zenkcazo. Ngolunye ulwazi kwiimali zenkcazo, khangela iphepha lethu le- Index Investment FAQ . Kwakhona, iinkampani zengxowa-mali ezifana neVanguard, i-Fidelity kunye ne-T. Rowe Price ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokufumana iimali zengxelo ezilungileyo. Unokukhangela kwakhona uCharles Schwab .
- Iingxowa-mali ezilinganisiweyo: Ebizwa ngokuba yi- hybrid funds okanye i-aseset allocation funds, ezi zi-mali ezidibeneyo ezenza imali kwi-stock equity allocation of stocks, bonds, kunye cash. Ulwabiwo oluhlala luhlala luhleli kwaye lugxotha ngokutsho kweinjongo okanye utshilo olukhankanyiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, iFundelity Balanced Fund (iFBALX) ine-aseset distribution of assets 65% kunye ne-35% bonds. Iqwalasele ingozi ebalulekileyo okanye yintoni iicandelo lezoshishino ezinokuthi liyi-portfolio . I-Vanguard nayo ine-index engqalileyo yengxowa-mali, i-Vanguard Index Balanced (VBINX), efanelekileyo ukuba abatyali-mali bafune umngcipheko oyingcipheko. Iingxowa-mali ezilinganayo zingaba zilungele ukuqala kootyalo-mali kuba zihamba kakuhle kwaye ziyakuthi zisetyenziswe njengemali-mali yedwa okanye njengemibutho engundoqo yokuqalisa iphothifoliyo enkulu.
- Usuku olujoliswe kuzo Iimali zeMali eziManyeneyo : Ezi mali zifaka imali ekuxubeni kwamasheya, iibhonksi kunye nemali efanelekileyo ukuba umntu atyalwe de kube ngumnyaka othile, oqhelekileyo umhlala phantsi. Njengoko unyaka ojoliswe kuwo ufikelele, umphathi wezezimali uza kuncipha ingcipheko yemakethe ngokutshintshiselwa kweempahla zezinto ezivela kwiimpahla kunye nokuzibophelela kunye nemali, nto leyo umtyalomali ngamnye ozenzayo ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, i-target-date-funds funds joint type "yibeke kwaye uyibale" utsalo-mali olungafunayo ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uyasindisa umhlalaphantsi kwaye ucinga ukuba ungasusa umhlala-phantsi malunga nomnyaka we-2035, ukukhetha okulungileyo ukuba ube nguVanguard Target Retirement 2035 (VTTHX).
Emva kokuba ukhetha i-fund yakho yokuqala yokuqala, uya kuba nesiqalo sokuqala. Ungakwazi ukwakha phezu kwesi siseko ngokuthenga izabelo ezininzi zele ngxowa kwaye ekugqibeleni ungeze imali eyongezelelweyo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.