Ukutshala imali eChina: Iintlobo zamaShishini aseShayina

Amasheya aseTshayina ahlangene neeNdidi ezine

Imarike yokuthengiswa kwempahla yaseTshayina, eyadalwa iminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, apho iindidi zeenkampani zaseTshayina zithengiswa khona. Yiyona yesibini enkulu kwihlabathi, emva kweUnited States. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imakethi ye-stock market yaseChina ayibonakali kwimpilo yezoqoqosho zaseChina, ngokungafani ne-stock market yase-United States. Ixabiso elipheleleyo leempahla ezithengiswayo ekuthengiseni kwayo kuphela kwisithathu sesiphumo sazo soqoqosho, njengoko kulandelwa nguMkhiqizo weMveliso yaseKhaya. Okuthelekiswa nama-100 ekhulwini kumazwe amaninzi athuthukile.

Ukurhweba kweChina kuyahluke njani

Ukutshala imali kwilizwe elithile ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinto ehle ngqo. Iifama zaseFransi zorhwebo eParis, izitishi zaseJapan zorhwebo eTokyo, kunye ne- Brazilian stocks ukuthengisa eSo Paulo. Konke kuhamba ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokuba kufikelele ekutyalweni kweChina , okuyinto enzima kakhulu. Xa umntu uthetha nge "intengiso yeTshayina" okanye "iitokhwe zaseTshayina," bangabhekisela kwelinye leemarike okanye iintlobo zezitokethi kwiindawo. Ekuqwalakeni kokuqala, imenyu yokukhetha utshalomali e-China inokubonakala ngathi idizabethe yokudibanisa i-alfabhethi yeeklasi zezabelo, ngasinye sinempawu ezizodwa. Oku kulandelayo kubheka uhlobo ngalunye lwezabelo ukuze kuqondwe kangcono ukungqinelana okubalulekileyo phakathi kwabo.

  • 01 IsiTshayina IiSabelo

    I-"Share Share" yaseTshayina ibhekisela kwiimpahla ezithengisa iiShanghai neShenzhen. Ezi nkampani zifakwe kwilizwe laseChina kunye nezabelo zabo ziququzelelwe kwiimali zendawo okanye i-renminbi. Kubo abatyali-mali ngabanye, i-"share" yemakethe ingaba mnandi ukubukela, kodwa ezi sitokhwe zixhomekeke kwimida yabatyalo-basebenzisi baseTshayina. Ukuba abatshali-mali abanomsebenzi osisigxina, nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezijikeleze le miqobo.

  • 02 Ukwabiwa kweShayina B

    Nanku apho iqala ukudideka. Ezinye iinkampani zaseTshayina zidweliswe eShanghai naseShenzhen, kodwa izabelo zabo zorhwebo kwiidola zase-US. Ezi zitofu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "B share", zenzelwe imbali ukuba zinike iinkampani zaseShayina indlela yokuphakamisa imali evela phesheya. "Izabelo ze-B" nazo zavumela abatyala-mali baseTshayina ukuba batyalwe kwiimarike ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezinxulumene ne "izabelo." Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, i-"share share" yemarike iye yahlukana.

  • 03 Hong Kong H Imisebenzi

    "Izabelo ze-H" nazo ziinkampani zaseTshayina, kodwa ezi ziqinisekiso zorhwebo kwiHong Kong Stock Exchange , kunokuba zisezantsi, kwaye zithengwa ngexabiso lentengo yaseRong Kong. Nangona kusekho okungaqhelekanga, kunye nenkqubo enzima, kunokwenzeka ukuba abatshali-mali ngabanye bathenge kwaye bathengise amasheya kwiimakethe zaseHong Kong.

  • 04 Iitishi zaseTshayina eNew York

    Ngenxa yokuba inzala-mali inzala eChina iye yanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isityalo esitsha seSitishi sithe savela. Ezi ziinkampani ezixhomekeke kwilizwe laseKinland kodwa zikhethile ukuba zihlule izabelo zabo kwiNew York Stock Exchange okanye i-Nasdaq. Kukho okwangaphezulu kwama-kampani aseTshayina angama-100 adweliswe e-US, kwaye uludwe luqhubeka lukhula. Kwabanye abatyali-mali, izabelo zeenkampani zaseNew York ezidwelisweyo yindlela elula kakhulu yokuqalisa abo banomdla wokutshala imali kwiimpahla zesiTshayina.

  • 05 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect

    Inqaku lokugqibela le-puzzle liyiShanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, edibanisa iShanghai Stock Exchange kunye neHong Kong Stock Exchange. Ingqiqo emva kokuxhamla yayikuvula iivenkile zakwaTshayina kubanini-mali abongezelelweyo ngendlela yaseHong Kong. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube ngoku, usebenzo luphela kumashishini abakhulu. Kodwa, ezi zintengiselwano zingatshintshwa kwiminyaka ezayo njengoko imarike ivula ngaphezulu.

  • Ukujonga phambili

    I-Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect yaqaliswa ngasekupheleni kuka-2014 ukuxhuma iShanghai Stock Exchange kunye neHong Kong Stock Exchange. Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo, abatyali-mali kwiimarike nganye babenako ukuthengisa amashishini kwelinye iimarike basebenzisa abathengi basekhaya kunye nezindlu zokucoca. Inkqubo ihamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqala ukulinganiselwa kubasomali abatyebi kuphela. Abatyalomali kufuneka baqaphele ingozi kwimarike yokulingana yaseChina. Ngokomzekelo, umtyalo-mali osentshonalanga waseTshayina ugcina isitokethi kwiintsuku ezingama-24 nje ngokumalunga neentsuku ezingama-260 kubatyala-mali baseHong Kong kunye nexesha elide kubatyalomali base-United States. Ezi zintengiselwano zingabangela ukunyuka kwamahlathi kwindalo, njengoko kwabonwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2015 kunye no-2016, oku kungazisa isantya esiphezulu sabatyalo-mali bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthenga naziphi na iiklasi zezabelo. Ngenxa yoko, abatyali-mali kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iphothifoliyo yabo iyanelisekile ngokwaneleyo ukuphepha loo mngcipheko. Ekugqibeleni, iimarike zakwaTshayina ziyafumana udoti kwaye uqoqosho lwayo luhlala lukhulu kunabo bonke ehlabathini, oko kuthetha ukuba abatyali-mali bamanye amazwe kufuneka babe nohlobo oluthile lokungcola. Azo azinako ukuthengiswa kweempahla zorhwebo zingafuna ukujonga ii-ETF njengenye indlela.