Iibhondi zeNtsholongwane Inkcazo kunye noTyalo-mali
Ezi ziqinisekiso ze-inshorensi ezixhaswe nge-inshorensi azifani nezibophelelo eziqhelekileyo kunye nabasomali-bulumko baqiqa ukuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokutyalomali.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga iBondast Bonds: Funda indlela i-Bonds Work
Ukuba ucinga ngokutyalomali kwiibhondi zekati, kulungile ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba izibophelelo eziqhelekileyo zisebenza njani.
Iibhondi zibopheleleko zetyala ezikhutshwe ngamaziko, njengamashishini okanye urhulumente. Xa uthengisa intlawulelo, uboleka imali yakho kwiqumrhu ngexesha elichaziweyo. Ukutshintshiselana nemboleko yakho, iqumrhu liyakukuhlawula umdla kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha (usuku lokukhula) xa uza kufumana inzala-mali yokuqala okanye inkokhelo (inqununu).
Iintlobo zeebhondi zihlelwa liziko elikhuphayo. Amashishini anjalo afaka iinkampani, iinkonzo eziphatheka esidlangalaleni kunye noorhulumente, basekuhlaleni naseburhulumenteni.
Kwimeko yokubambisana, i-entity issuing yinkampani yinshuwalense. Abatyalo-mali be-Cat bayakuvumela ukuba inkampani yokukhupha ibambe inqununu yabo ngokubuyisela inzala ehlawulwa yinkampani ekhuphayo. Xa kwenzeka intlekele, inkampani ekhuphayo ingayinqanda intlawulo yesithakazelo okanye ingaba nexanduva lokubuyisela inqununu kuyo yonke (inqununu ixolelwe).
Njengesibophelelo esiqhelekileyo, izibophelelo zentlekele zihlala zigcinwe de ukukhula. Ukususela ekuthengweni kwesikhonkqo ukuya kutsho kumhla wokukhula, umtyalo-mali ufumana inzala (ixesha elingenisiweyo) ixesha elichaziweyo, njengeenyanga ezintathu, unyaka, iminyaka emihlanu, iminyaka eyi-10, iminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu. Uninzi lwezibophelelo zeentlekele zinokukhula okufutshane, njengemigangatho emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu.
Akukho "ilahleko" yenqununu nje kuphela xa umtyalomali ethatha ubophelelo kuze kube yilapho ekhula kwaye kungekho nhlekelele, eyayiza kwenza inkampani yokukhupha ilahle iintlawulo zenzalo okanye ukubuyiselwa kwinqununu. Kwakhona, kwezinye iimeko, isixa-mali sinokuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo.
Umzekelo wentsebenziswano yentlekele uza kusebenza into efana nale: Inkampani ekhuphayo, i-XYZ yeNkampani yeNkampani yomshuwalense, inokubambisana neminyaka emithathu yemingxuma yemfazwe kwaye ihlawulela inzala ye-8. Utyalo-mali wekethi uthenge iibhondi ezili-10 kwaye uthumele i-$ 10,000 kwi-XYZ Inkampani yeNkampani yomshuwalense (okanye iqumrhu elenza i-market ye-bond) kwaye ifumana isitifiketi se-bond. Utyalomali-mali ufumana iipesenti ezili-8 ngonyaka (i-800 zamawaka) iminyaka emithathu. Okokuthi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho intlekele!
Ubungozi bokuTyala imali kwiBondast Bonds
Umngcipheko obalaseleyo wokutyalomali kwintsebenziswano yentlekele kukuba kuza kwenzeka inhlekelele kwaye umtyalo-mali angeke athole inzala okanye inqununu. Nangona kunjalo, njengawo amanye amasheya okutshala imali, umtyalomali uhlawulelwa ngokuvunyaniswa okuphezulu ngokutshintshisa ukuthatha ingozi.
Ukukhula okufutshane okufutshane kunciphise umngcipheko kodwa ezinye iziganeko ezinobungozi kunzima ukuqikelela kwiimarike ezinkulu.
Ngoko ke, ukuthenga izibophelelo zeentlekele akufani nokwenza ukubheja ukuba isiganeko esiyingozi siyakwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Oku kufana nokubheja kwi-market crash-akuyona into ye-IF kodwa umcimbi we-WHEN.
Ukuthenga iBondast Bonds
Uninzi lwabathengi bamabhanki ahlawula imali, iipenshini zemali, kunye nabanye abatyala-mali. Abatyalomali ngabanye abaqhelekanga ukuthenga izibopheko zekati.
Ezinye iinkampani zengxowa-mali, ezifana ne-Oppenheimer, utyalomali kwiimbopheko zekati kwaye zihlala zilandelela inkcazo yee-bond bond bond, i-Swiss Re Global Cat Bond i-Return Return Index.
Abatyalomali ngabanye abafuna ukufunyanwa kweebhanki zentaka banokucinga ngokuthenga imali ebophelelweyo. Ngale ndlela, umtyalo-mali unako ukubamba ibhaskiti yeebhondi zekati, kunokuba athenge enye okanye embalwa, eya kubandakanya umngcipheko omkhulu kumarhwebo.
Ukuba ukukhangela isivuno esiphezulu, umtyalo-mali angaphinda afune ukuthenga izibophelelo eziphezulu okanye izibophelelwano eziphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwazo zonke, abatyali-mali baqikelele ukugcina iipotfoliyo zeentlobo-mali ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo kwiinjongo zomntu-mali kunye nokunyamezela ingozi.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.