Isingeniso kwiMpahla kunye neKamva

Ziziphi iimveliso?

Amagama athi "iimpahla" kunye "nexesha elizayo" aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthengiswa kwemveliso okanye ukuthengiswa kwexesha elizayo. Unokuzicingela njengemigangatho yokudala ukuchaza iimarike. Kuyafana nendlela "amasheya" kunye "namalungelo" asetyenziswa xa abatyali-mali bathetha ngeemarike zamasheya.

Ukuba yinto ecacileyo, oku kuthethwa ngolo hlobo: Izinto zokuthengisa zizinto eziphathekayo ezifana nommbila, i-soyibe, igolide, ioli, kunye nokunye.

I-Futures zivumelwano zeempahla ezithengiswa kwixesha elizayo, njenge-Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zandise ngaphezu kwezinto eziphathekayo; Ngoku kukho iikontraki zexesha elizayo kwiimarike zezemali ezifana ne-S & P 500, amanothi, iimali kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Umzekelo:

• Imveliso: Ummbi
• Iiprofayili zeMveliso

Ikhontrakthi yexesha elizayo: Disemba 2007 Ummbi, onesivumelwano semali engama-5 000 yeengqolowa ezithengisa kwi-Chicago Board yoRhwebi kunye nekhontrakthi ephela ngoDisemba 2007. Ixabiso elithengiswayo le mvukhontrakthi lingaba ngu-3.60 ngebhasi.

Ixesha eliza Kusebenza njani

Ixesha elizayo ziyimvumelwano ezinxulumene phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabathengisi beemveliso ezichazela inani lempahla, ibakala / umgangatho, kunye nendawo yokuhambisa. Iintengiso zentengiso kunye nekontrakthi zexesha elizayo zenzeke ngexesha lokutshintshisana kwentshukumo kwaye njengokuba imarike yemasheya ingaziwa ngokupheleleyo.

Umzekelo, umthengi unokuba ngumsebenzisi wokuphela njengoKellogg.

Kufuneka bathenge ingqolowa ukuze benze i-cereal. Umthengisi uya kuba ngumlimi, omele athengise isivuno sakhe sezityalo. Benza isivumelwano sexesha elizayo leMigodi kwixabiso lemarike langoku. Isivumelwano sommbila kwi-CBOT sinama-5,000 ebhasi. Ngako oko, umlimi kwakufuneka anike ama-bushel ama-5,000 ebhonksi eKellogg ngoDisemba kwindawo ekhethiweyo.

Ukwenza imali kwixesha elizayo

I-speculator ngumntu ofaka imali kwi-shishini ngenjongo yokuguqula inzuzo. Kwimeko yezinto eziphathekayo, abaqapheli abadayisi abazama ukuthenga i-future low and selling them high ukuze benze imali. Isizathu esenza ukuba abacebisi bangenjenjalo ngexesha elizayo kukuba abahwebi abafunwa ukuba babambe iikontraki zexesha elizayo ngexesha lesivumelwano; banokuthenga okanye abathengise nayiphi na ixesha abayifunayo.

Ngoko, ukusebenzisa umzekelo kaKellogg ngasentla, umxhasi angakwazi ukuthenga isivumelwano sekhontsi kumlimi ngexabiso elithile, ulinde intengo yengqolowa ukunyuka ngaphambi kokuba uthengise isivumelwano kunye neKellogg, nokuba isivumelwano asiyi kuza ngenxa ezinye iinyanga ezimbalwa, ukujika inzuzo kwinkqubo.

Abadlali ababandakanyekayo kwiiNkonzo zokuThengisa

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabadlali kwiimarike zemveliso:

1. Amashishini: Amashishini abandakanyekayo kwimveliso, ukucwangciswa okanye ukuthengiswa kwempahla. Umzekelo, zombini umlimi wezolimo kunye neKellogg ukusuka kumzekelo ongentla ziivenkile. I-akhawunti yezoburhweba ininzi yezorhwebo kwimarike yemveliso.
2. Abaxumi abakhulu: Iqela labatyali-mali abadibanisa imali yabo ndawonye ukunciphisa umngcipheko nokwandisa inzuzo. Njengemali yokubambisana kwimarike yemasheya, abaxeli beemali abanamagosa abaphathi bemali abenza izigqibo zokutshala imali kubalimi-mali ngokubanzi.

1. Amacandelo amancinci: Abathengisi bempahla ngabanye abathengisa ii-akhawunti zabo okanye nge- broker yempahla . Bobabini abancinci nabancinci baziwa ngokuba banako ukugubha imarike yeemveliso.

Indlela Yokuqalisa Ukuthengiswa Kwezinto Zokuthengisa

Ukuze uhlalutye iimpahla, kufuneka uzifundise kwiinkcukacha zeemvumelwano zekontrakthi nganye kwaye kunjalo, funda ngeendlela zokurhweba. Iimpahla zinegunya elifanayo njengawo nawuphi na utyalomali - ufuna ukuthenga phantsi kwaye uthengise phezulu. Ukwahlukana kunye neempahla kukuba ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye zithengisa ubungakanani beekhontrakthi esikhundleni sezabelo. Khumbula ukuba ungathengisa kwaye uthengise izikhundla nanini na iimarike zivulekile, ngoko qi ni sekise ukuba akudingeki ukuba uthabathe inkunkuma yerhasi.