Ngomnyaka wesibhozo weemalike zeenkomo ezixhamlayo, kwaye uzama ukunyuka kwiimarike zotyalo-mali. Ukususela ngo-2009, ukubuyiswa kwe-S & P 500 kuye kwaba njalo ngonyaka. Iminyaka emibili ephezulu ifunyenwe ngamaphesenti angama-32.15 ngo-2013 kunye nama-25.94 ekhulwini ngo-2009. Kwiphepha lepakethi, kwimizuzu emibini kakhulu kunazo zonke ivuselele ukubuya kwama-1.36 ekhulwini ngo-2015 kunye nama-2.10 ekhulwini ngo-2011, iimbini ezinkulu kunokuba uzakufumana akhawunti yokugcina.
Yaye ukuba uhamba yonke indlela ukuya ngowe-1928, uya kufumana ukuba i-S & P 500 ivuze umtyalo-mali ngokubuyiswa kwe-annualized ye-9.52 ekhulwini.
Nangona kunjalo ukusebenza kwangoko kunye neentlawulo zangexesha elide zidibanisa iminyaka ephantsi yokuthengisa iimarike. Ngo-2008, i-S & P 500 yatyhubela ama-36.55 ekhulwini, kwaye iminyaka yokuqala emithathu yale minyaka i-10 yayibuhlungu, ilahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-9,3, i-11,85 iphesenti, kunye ne-21.97 ekhulwini ngo-2000, 2001, no-2002, ngokulandelana.
Njengoko kuboniswa yiminyaka ephezulu kunye nehlayo yemarike yemasheya, udinga isisu esomeleleyo nolwazi oluthile lotyalo-mali ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwiimarike. Nantsi into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nemali yakho yangaphambi kokuba uphume kwiimarike.
Inyathelo 1: Ukuhlawula amatyala aphezulu
Amanqanaba amatyala aqhubela phambili ukuya kumazinga ka-2008 ngokubhekiselele kwinqaku le-CNN yakutshanje. Kunyaka odlulileyo umtyala wendlu uqhutywe nge $ 460 billion. Kwaye ukuba uhlala "kwinqanaba" lekhaya, unayo i-$ 16,048 e-credit card.
Nantsi kutheni ufuna ukufumana loo matyala ahlawulwe ngaphambi kokutyalomali.
Ukuba uhlawula inzala yekhadi lesikweletu ngamaphesenti angama-16 ngoko kubalulekile ukufumana imali engaphezulu kwama-16 ekhulwini ukwenzela ukulingana nokutshala imali kwimarike yempahla ngaphambi kokuhlawula ityala. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlawula inzala ye-16 okanye i-$ 2,568 kwi-credit card yakho kwaye ufumana iipesenti ezili-9 kwi-investment market, ke ulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti ama-7 okanye i-1,124 ye-$ ngokungabhatali ityala.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlawula ityala eliphakamileyo elinomdla kukubuyisela okunye, okulingana nentlawulo yemali ehlawulwe kwi-matyala. Kwaye ngaphandle kokuba ufumane inhlanhla kwimarike, awunakwenzeka ukuba uphinde ubuye ufumane ukuhlawula ityala lakho lekhadi lesikweletu.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Vala i-Your "What Ifs"
Cinga ukuba ungene kwi-fender bender kunye ne-inshurensi yakho echithwe yi-$ 500. Okona bubi nakakhulu, ufumanisa kwaye awufumani umsebenzi omtsha kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. Ngaba unamabhakethi amawaka ambalwa ukufihla ezo ndleko ezingalindelekanga? Ukuba akunjalo, awuyedwa. Amashumi ama-anesibhozo asixhenxe aseMerika athi abanako ukuhlawula iindleko ezixakeka kwi-$ 400, ngokutsho kweSave Reserve.gov .
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ingxamiseko yezemali ngoko, kufuneka ubolekise okanye uthengise into ukuze ufumane imali. Okanye, ukuba imali oyifunayo ngenxa yongxamiseko ityalomali kwi-stock exchange fund (ETF) ekufuneka uthengise, usengozini yokuthengisa ngelahleko. Yingakho udinga ukugcina iinyanga eziliqela zeendleko zokuhlala ngaphambi kokutshala imali kwimarike. Faka "ntoni ukuba" ukugcinwa kweemarike zemali efikelelekayo okanye i-akhawunti yokulondoloza, ngoko ke imali iyafumaneka xa uyayidinga.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Funda i-Basics Basics
Emva kokuba uhlawule ityala lakho labathengi kwaye wakha imali yokulondoloza, uzama ukuhlayela kwiimarike zotyalo-mali.
Kodwa ukuba awuyiqondi into otyalo-mali, kukho ithuba elihle lokuphela kokulahlekelwa yimali ngokuthenga phezulu nokuthengisa okuphantsi. Ngokutyalombela iimvakalelo zakho, endaweni yentloko yakho, unokukwazi ukuvuya xa iimarike zihamba kwaye zidibanisa phezulu kwimarike yenkomo. Emva koko njengoko ukuhla kwehla kungenakugwema, kuyaqhelekile ukuba ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa kukuthathela ukuba uthengise kwindawo yokuthengisa.
Ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge isistim sakho sokuqala okanye isikhwama sebhondi, sebenzisa iiyure ezimbalwa uzifundise ngeemarike zotyalo-mali, imimiselo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zezimali. Ukufundwa kweenqununu zokutsalwa kweentlobo-mali kunye nokufunda malunga nokuba ukugcinwa kwemali kunye nezibophelelo zentsebenziswano kunye nezibophelelo ziza kukhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwemali yokutshala imali. Ekugqibeleni, funda icebiso likaWarren Buffett kwaye utyalomali kwiimali zenkcitho ephantsi.
Inyathelo 4: Nakekela Ingapho Yakho
Ekugqibeleni, ngaphambi kokutshala imali, fumana indlu yakho yemali ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuba unabantwana okanye umntu ngokuxhomekeke kwingeniso yakho, ngoko ucinga ukuthenga i-inshorensi yobomi besikhathi esithengiweyo. Kwakhona, cinga ukuthenga i-inshorensi yokukhubazeka, ingakumbi ukuba unomsebenzi onzima. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kuwe, abathandekayo bakho banakekelwa.
Ngaphandle ...
Lawa ma nyathelo amane omele uwathathe ngaphambi kokuba uqale utyalomali ... kodwa kukho enye ihlukile. Ukuba umqeshi wakho uhambelana nomnikelo wakho wama- 401 (k) , ngoko kufuneka unikezele ngokwaneleyo kwi-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi yomsebenzi ukuze ufumane umdlalo - nangona ungagqiba le nyathelo emine. Awunakukwazi ukuguqula impumlo yakho kwimali yamahhala!
UBarbara A. Friedberg ungumphathi wepotfoliyo wangaphambili kunye nomlobi weNkqubo yokuTyebisa: Ngaphandle kokunqoba iLottery . Ukubhala kwakhe kubonakala kwiiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kuquka uRobo-Advisor Pros.com kunye noBarbara Friedberg Personal Finance.