Ukufakwa kwemali yenkxaso yomqeshi kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esifanelekileyo ngokwexesha elimisiweyo. Xa umqeshi wakho ekunika imali ngaphandle komvuzo wakho oqhelekileyo, unganakho ubunikazi obupheleleyo baloo mali kwangoko. Njani kwaye xa ufumana ubunikazi obupheleleyo beemali kuthiwa yi-schedule setting.
Kuthetha Ukuthini?
Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi ochaziweyo, njengesicwangciso se- 401 (k) , 403 (b) isicwangciso okanye i- 457 (b) isicwangciso , isabelo semali yakho engenayo sinomdla ngqo kuwe.
Unokufikelela ngokugcwele kuloo mali kunye nayiphi na imali yokufumana imali leyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usebenza ixesha elingakanani kwinkampani okanye xa ushiya umsebenzi wakho. Ewe, ukuba uzama ukurhoxisa loo mali okanye uthabathe ukunikezelwa kwiakhawunti yakho ngaphambi kokufikelela kumyinge wokuhlala umhlala-phantsi we-59 1/2, mhlawumbi uya kuba phantsi kwentlawulo kunye nentlawulo yehlawulo ye-10%. Kodwa ukuba u-rollover wakho 401 (k) kwisicwangciso somnye umqeshi okanye i-rollover IRA, i-100% yeminikelo yakho ihamba kunye nesicwangciso sakho.
Ukuveliswa kungena xa umqeshi efanisana neminikelo oyenzayo kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi. Umqeshi unako ukudibanisa rhoqo zonke igalelo, kodwa welula ipesenti yakho yobunini kuloo mali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Xa ufikelele kwi-100% yobunini bomqeshi wakho ohambelana neemali, nguwe owaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo.
Kutheni Kuthetha Ukuhlala Kukhona?
Isizathu sokuba iinkampani zenze iishedyuli zokukhuthaza ukuthembeka phakathi kwabasebenzi.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo, inkampani yethu inika i-401 enkulu (k) inzuzo ehambelana nayo. Kodwa ukuba uziqonde ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka unamathele ixesha elifutshane." Ixesha elingakanani? Kuyaxhomekeka. Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zineehedyuli ezahlukeneyo zokuthengisa.
Iintlobo zeeShedyuli zokuThengisa
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokufumana iishedyuli ze-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi: ukuthengwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthengwa kweentlanzi, nokugqitywa kwezifundo okanye ukuthengiswa kweentengo.
Ukunikezelwa ngokukhawuleza mhlawumbi kulula ukuyiqonda. Kuyenzeka xa kungekho vesting yangempela eyenzekayo. Abasebenzi bafumana ngokupheleleyo, ubunikazi obufutshane bemali ehambelana nomqeshi kwiakhawunti yabo yomhlalaphantsi.
Ngeentambo zokungena, umqeshwa uza kufumana ubunikazi obupheleleyo bemidlalo yomqeshi emva kwexesha elithile, ngomthetho, akunakho ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi oqhelekileyo.
Ukubophelwa kweentengo ezibiweyo kwenzeka xa ubunini bwenzeka kancane kancane kwixesha. Ishedyuli esicwangcisiweyo esingaqhelekanga ingayifaka ngokupheleleyo emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuthatha inxaxheba. Ngokomthetho, ixesha lokubambisa eliqhelekileyo elivunyelwe liyiminyaka emithandathu). Kuya kusebenza oku:
- Unyaka owodwa: 0% inikwe
- Unyaka wesibili: 25% inikwe
- Unyaka wesithathu: 50% inikwe
- Unyaka wezine: 75% inikwe
- Unyaka wesihlanu: 100% inikwe
Ukukhutshwa kweStock Option Imbuyekezo
Abanye abaqeshi baya kunika inzuzo yesikhewu somqeshwa , okanye ilungelo labasebenzi lokuthenga (eyaziwa nangokuthi "umthambo" ) inani elithile lezabelo zenkampani kwixabiso elibekiweyo. Ukuba ixabiso lakho elibekiweyo liphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lemarike kwisitokisi xa usebenzisa inketho, sele wenze imali ngokukhawuleza. Izicwangciso zokhetho lweStock zivame ukugqithisa ngendlela efana negalelo. Unokufumana amandla okusebenzisa zonke iinketho ngexesha elilodwa, okanye ilungelo lokukhetha ezinye zezinketho zakho ngonyaka ngamnye kwixesha leminyaka.
Akunabo bonke abaqeshi abamelana negalelo okanye banikezela okukhethwa kwezinto. Abo bawenza iishedyuli zabo zokubambisa kunye namalungiselelo acacisiwe ngaphambili. Ngoko ukuba unemibuzo malunga nesicwangciso sakho, kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana iimpendulo lula ngokuqhagamshelana nommeli wakho wezakhono zomntu okanye umlawuli wecebo lomhlalaphantsi.
Ngaphambi kokushiya umsebenzi, unokufuna ukuqwalasela impembelelo kwishedyuli yakho yokuthenga . Ukuba unangeenyanga ezintandathu ukusuka ekuthengisweni ngokupheleleyo, umzekelo, unokufuna ukulinda. Nantoni na oyenzayo, ungavumeli ixesha elide lokubambisa likuyeke ukufaka isandla kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi. Nangona ungalindelanga ukufumana izibonelelo ezipheleleyo, nokuba i-25% okanye i-50% yomdlalo womqeshi ithetha imali engaphezulu kweedola ngomhlalaphantsi wakho.
Ukuziphendulela: Umxholo kule ndawo unikezelwa ngolwazi kunye neenjongo zokuxubusha kuphela, kwaye akufanele kube yedwa isiseko sotyalo lwakho lotyalo-mali kunye nocwangciso lwezemali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.