Ukujonga Ngaphambili Amanani Ukuqonda Iingxowa kwi-Equity Ratio
Yabelana ngeNtengo kunye nokuLungiswa kweMali
Njengoko ufunde kwiNzuzo yeSitoko Thenga iiNkqubo eziPhindayo , ukuthengwa kwamashishini kunokukunceda ube ngumcebisi ngokunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lezabelo ezithengileyo, ukwandisa ubunikazi bakho bezobulungisa njengepesenti yeshishini elipheleleyo. Ingxenye yakho yenzuzo kunye nezahlulo zikhula nangona i- enterprise ayiyiyo. Xa kuhlanganiswe nemiphumo ephilileyo yokusebenza kwemali, ukuthengwa kwamashishini kungabangela ukunyuka kwexesha elide kwimali engenayo kwisabelo ngasinye , njengoko kubonakaliswe iinkampani ezifana neCoca-Cola kunye neWashington Post.
Ngenxa yeziganeko eziqhelekileyo ze-Accounting Principles Accepted (GAAP), nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwezinto zokuthenga ubutyebi kungabangela ukuba utsalo-mali lunokubonakala lukhuselekileyo kunokuba luyinyani. Isizathu: Xa inkampani ihlawulela izabelo zayo, umphumo wukunciphisa ukulingana kwamanani wabanikazi benani-mali .
Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni le nto iyenzeka, kuya kufuneka sihlolisise ukungena kweefomathi ezirekhodwa rhoqo xa isitokhwe sithunyelwa.
Cinga i-Seattle Enterprises, inkampani ecwangcisayo eqhuba i-chain of stores yokuthengisa, ifuna ukukhulisa i-$ 100,000 kwiziko elitsha ngokukhupha izabelo ezi-5,000 zesitokweni esifanayo. Izabelo zinexabiso elilingana ne-$ 5 ngalinye kwaye ziya kuthengiswa nge-$ 20.
Ukungena kweengxelo kuza kubonakala ngale ndlela:
I-Cash Debit eyi-100,000
I-Stock Common - Nge-Credit $ 25,000
I-Stock Common - Ngaphezulu kwePredit Credit $ 75,000
I-corporation iphakamisa inkunzi kwaye umphumo wukuthi imali eyabelwe igalelo emibini kwi-equity statement shareholder ye-balance sheet; I $ 25,000 yokuqala iqulethe izabelo ezi-5,000 ezikhutshwe ziphindwe ngee-5 zexabiso ngexabiso ngalinye ngesabelo; Umgca osalayo uphumela ekuphindaphindeni kwexabiso elithengiweyo (i-R20 20 ngesabelo ngasinye - i-$ 5 ngexabiso = $ 15 ngaphezulu) ngenani lezabelo ezikhutshiwe (i-$ 15 x 5,000 izabelo = $ 75,000). Imali ngokucacileyo iphela kwi-coffers yenkampani kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-akhawunti efanelekileyo (i-$ 100,000).
Ngoku, cinga iminyaka embalwa edlule. Ulawulo lufuna ukuhlawulela i-stock of $ 50,000. Ukuthengiselana kuya kukhangela into efana nale:
Imali yokuThengwa kweeNondyebo i-$ 50,000
Cash Credit $ 50,000
Ngenxa yokuba i-equity shareholder kwicandelo le-equity has a balance balance, i-Treasury Stock (ibhalansi yemali) inceda ukunciphisa ixabiso elibhaliweyo lilonke. Isiphumo salolu daba lusizi luyonyuka kwi-rate-to-equity ratio . Enyanisweni, xa isabelo sokuthengwa sikhula sikhulu ngokwaneleyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba inkampani ephilileyo, enempumelelo ingaba nexabiso elibi elibonakalayo kwaye libonakala lichithwe kwi-hilt!
"Ngaba awukwazi ukuphikisa ukuba imali isetyenzisiwe kwaye ngoko ke iziqinisekiso zibeka umngcipheko ophezulu ngenxa yokunciphisa i-asset base?" Ewe, unako. Ukuba uneshishini elihle kakhulu , ngokuthi ngentca, ivelisa iitoni zemali, nangona kunjalo, oku akufuneki ukuba yixhalaba. Izabelo zakho ngoku zifumana inxalenye enkulu yemali engenayo kunye neerhafu ngaphandle kokunyuka komthwalo wetyala.
Iintlawulo eziNyukayo njengePesentage of inventory
Amanye amaqela olawulo alinga ngobuchule ukunciphisa izinga leempahla ezibophelelwe kwiimali ezinkulu zokusebenza - izinto ezinjengemali esesandleni kunye neengqolowa kwiithalafu zokugcina. Isizathu sigxile: idola ngalinye likhululekile lidola elingasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ityala lexesha elide, ukuthengwa kwamasheya, okanye izitolo ezintsha ezivulekileyo. Ngelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nemveliso elaneleyo kwi-shelf ukuze unelise imfuneko. Ngaphandle koko, abathengi abanokuthi bangayi kuchitha uhambo!Isisombululo kule ngxaki yindlela yokuthengisa ngemali ekuthiwa yi-pay-on-scan ("POS"). Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo: omnye wabaphathi kwi-Seattle Enterprises ("SE") uya kufikelela kubathengisi bayo - abakhiqizi kunye nabathengisi beemveliso ezigcinwe kwii-shelf evenkile. Ngokwesiko, i-SE ikhetha iimveliso abafuna ukuzithwala, iyalela kubo kubathengisi, ihlawule i-bill, kwaye ibambelele kwi-shelf. Esikhundleni salo, igosa elilawulayo liya kuphakamisa ukuba i-SE ayithengi ngempela umkhiqizo kude kube umthengi ewuthathe, ahambe aye kwirejista yemali, kwaye ahlawule; abathengisi, ngamanye amagama, basenabo iimveliso ezihleli kwiityuli ze-SE izitolo. Ukutshintshiselwa, i-SE inokunika abathengisi isaphulelo somthamo, ukubekwa ngokukhethekileyo kwiivenkile, okanye ezinye izikhuthazo.
Isiphumo kukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusebenza komngcipheko kunye nokukwazi ukwandisa okuninzi, ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi.
Ngoba? Xa inkampani yokuthengisa ivula iivenkile ezitsha, enye yeendleko ezinkulu zokuqalisa kukuthengwa kwento yokuqala. Ngoku ukuba i-inventory inikezelwa kwinkqubo yokuhlawula i-pay-scan, yonke i-Seattle kufuneka iyenze ibhalise ukuqeshisa, ukuphucula ipropati ukufanisa ezinye izakhiwo zeevenkile, kwaye kuqeshwe abasebenzi abatsha.
Iindleko ezisezantsi ziza kuvumela ukuba zivule izitolo ezimbini okanye ezintathu kuzo zonke izitorethi ezingakwazi ukuzenza phambi kokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yePOD!
Inkcitho ebonakalayo yolu lungiselelo yenyuka ngokukhawuleza kwiakhawunti ehlawulwayo, ebonisa kwi-balance sheet njengexesha elifutshane. Nangona ukuba ishishini alinayo nayiphi na ingozi eyongezelelweyo - umkhiqizo, khumbula, ungabuyiselwa kumthengisi ukuba awuthengiswanga - abanye abatyali-mali kunye nabahlalutyi baphatha le ngxowa njengento enokubangela ukongamela uxanduva! Oku kucacile imeko ye-accounting engabonakali ngokoqobo kwezoqoqosho. Abanini-masheya banamathuba angcono nakubunzima bokubakho kwi-debt rate equity ratio.
Into yokuphonononga
Umzekelo ogqityiweyo wale nkalo yi-AutoZone. (Makhe ndixele phambili phambi kwexesha eli phephancwadi, ndaza ndafumana izabelo zenkampani. Nceda ukhumbule ke ke, ukuba zonke izigqibo zokutshala imali kufuneka ziqhutywe liqikelelo lakho lokubaluleka kwangaphakathi. kuthengiswa ngeloluhlu ukusuka kwii-25 ukuya kwii-100 zama-dollar; mhlawumbi kungabonakaliswa imali embi kwintengo enye, utyalo-mali olwesabekayo kwelinye. Ngoko ke, akufanelekanga ukuba ucinge ukuthenga isitokisi, isibophelelo, i-fund, okanye enye i-asethi nje kuba uyazi ukuba omnye umntu unesikhundla kulo.)Inani lomthengisi wezithuthi kunye nezixhobo zibone ukwanda kwenzuzo evela kwi $ 245 yezigidi ngo-1999 ukuya kwii-566 yezigidi zezigidi ngo-2004.
Ngelo xesha, inzuzo nganye isabelo siphuma kwi-$ 1.63 ukuya kwi-6.40. Ukulingana okuqhelekileyo, ngakwelinye icala, kuye kwehla kwi $ 1.3 billion ukuya kwii-171 yezigidigidi ngelixa i-debt rate equity ratio iye yavela kwi-40% ukuya kwi-90%. Kukho izizathu ezibini ezibalulekileyo:
- I-AZO ibuye ihlawule malunga nesiqingatha sezabelo zayo ezibalaseleyo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi edlulileyo, ichithe ukulingana okuqhelekileyo ngelixa libonelela nge-EPS.
- Iqela lolawulo liye lafudukela ngempumelelo kwi-90% yabathengisi kwisilungiselelo sokuhlawula i-pay-in-demand, ukwandisa ibhalansi ehlawulwa ngokukhawuleza ngelixa iyancitshiswa utyalo-mali.
Ezi ntshukumo zazinceda kakhulu abanini-nxaxheba, kodwa kubonakala ukuba ubungozi obubonakalayo bunyuke ngenxa yemingcele yemigaqo-mali. Ukuziphatha kwebali? Hlalani nibheka ngaphantsi; jolise kwizinto ezibonakalayo kwezoqoqosho, kungekhona nje ukufumana iingeniso kunye nokulingana.