Iishedyuli kunye neNtlanganiso yabathengi
Ifayili kwimeko ye-bankruptcy (umboleki) kufuneka unikezele ngolwazi oluninzi enkundleni, itrasti enqunywe yinkundla kunye nababolekisi kwimeko.
Kwiishedyuli kunye neengxelo , umboleki uchaza amatyala, i-asethi, ingeniso, iindleko kunye neenkcukacha zokuthengiswa kwemali, ingakumbi ezo ezenzeke kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba ityala lifakwe, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ulwazi malunga nokuthengiswa kweminyaka eneminyaka emithandathu. Yonke le ngcaciso ingaba nefuthe ekwenzeni kwimeko.
Ukongezelela kwiishedyuli, wonke umntu okanye iqumrhu elifakela ityala le-bankruptcy liyadingeka ngumthetho ukuba uye kwi-intlanganiso ebizwa ngokuba ngumhlangano wabathengi , obizwa ngokuba ngumhlangano weCandelo 341. Okumangalisa kukuba, bambalwa ababolekisi abaye bavela kwiintlanganiso zabathengi. Kunoko, iSahluko sesi-7 okanye iSahluko 13 se-trustee sisebenzisa ixesha lokuba ithathe ubungqina bomboleki okanye ummeli weetyala kwiimeko zokufakela iinkampani. Ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga noko kwenzekayo kwiintlanganiso zabathengi, bona:
Isahluko 7: Yintoni eyenzekayo kwiNtlanganiso yabathengi
Isahluko 13: Yintoni eyenzekayo kwiNtlanganiso yabathengi
Kwimeko eninzi yamatyala, ukubuza imibuzo kwiintlanganiso zababolekisi kufutshane, ukuya kwinqanaba kwaye akufuneki izimpendulo ezingavamile. Ayinanto engaphezulu kokuqinisekisa ubungcaciso obuqulethwe ngamaphepha enetyala ayenziwe enkundleni. Ezinye iintlanganiso zibandakanyeka kwaye zinokufuna iiyure zobungqina, ngakumbi ezo zikhulu zecandelo le-Chapter 11.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukuludibanisa umhlangano omnye umhla wobubungqina obongezelelweyo okanye ukunikezelwa kwamaxwebhu. Ekugqibeleni ke, intlanganiso yabathengi iya kugqitywa.
UMthetho weMviwo 2004
Njengoluhlu olubanzi njengoko iishedyuli, iingxelo kunye nentlanganiso yabathengi, ngamanye amaxesha ayithathi nje yonke ingcaciso yecrasti okanye umboleki-mali angayimfuneko ekunqumeni inkqubo yesenzo. Enyanisweni, umboleki unyanzelekile ukuba asebenzisane kunye ne-trustee kunye nababolekisi kulo lonke icala. Ngamanye amaxesha ukubuza okungeziwe kungabonakali, njengokuba iofisi yomphathiswa ebiza umnqwemeli weetyala ukuba acele iikopi zezenzo okanye ukubuya kweerhafu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, iqela elibuza imibuzo lifuna into ehlelekile. Yilapho uMthetho we-Bankruptcy Rule 2004 ungena khona.
Umthetho wama-2004 unikezela inkqubo yokuhlola malunga nabani na onokwazi ukuba nantoni na echaphazela ngemali yomboleki, ipropati, iishedyuli, isicwangciso sokulungiswa okanye ukukwazi ukuhlawula amatyala. Ngenxa yobume bayo obubanzi, ukuhlolwa kweMithetho ka-2004 ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba ngokuhamba ngokuloba kungekho njongo yangempela engqondweni ngaphandle kokunyuka umboleki okanye ukufumanisa ubungqina bokusetyenziswa kakubi okanye ukuphathwa kakubi kwemali. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, nokuba kufaka isikhalazo enkundleni ecela ukuhlolwa kwe-2004 kunokubangela ukulwa kunye nokuhlolwa kweminye yinkantolo ukucacisa ukubaluleka kolwazi olufunwayo.
Ngubani onokucela ukuhlolwa kweMithetho ka-2004?
Umthetho wama-2004 uthi: "Ukunyuswa kweyiphi na inxaxheba ngenkundla, inkundla inokuyalela umviwo kwanaliphi na into."
Esi simemezelo esikhulu. Nawuphi na umntu onomdla - nabani na onomdla osemthethweni kwimeko - unokufaka ifom ecela ukuba inkundla ilandele nayiphi na into ukuba ingenise kwiimviwo. Amaqela anomdla afaka umboleki, abatshatileyo, ababolekisi bemboleki, abanini, abanini-zimali kunye nabanini-mboleko, malunga nabani na okanye nayiphi na into echaphazelekayo ngqo ngecala lokubanjelwa.
Ngubani onokuhlolwa kwiMviwo ka-2004?
Ngokufanayo, inkundla inokumisela ukuhlolwa kwanoma yiphi inhlangano ngolwazi malunga nepropati yomnini-mboleko okanye iimali.
Ngokukhawuleza unokuxelela ukuba uMthetho wama-2004 ufinyelela ngaphezu kweentlanganiso zababolekisi kuba kusebenza nakowuphina umntu onokufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwimeko.
Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamagosa asebhanki, abasebenzi, abaphathi okanye abaqondisi bemboleki, abaqeshi, abaqabane kunye nabatshatileyo, abanikazi bezindlu, amagqwetha, abagcini-zimali, abaxhamli, abathengisi, kunye nezihlobo zetyala.
Ukongezelela, inkundla inamandla okunika umntu ukuba ahlolwe kwaye awise ukuba loo mntu athathe amaphepha afanelekileyo. Njengokuqhubeka enkundleni okanye ukuthunyelwa, uviwo luyenziwa phantsi kwesifungo kwaye luqhutyelwa phambi kwentatheli yenkundla. Ulwazi olufunyenwe ngexesha loviwo lusetyenziswa kamva enkundleni njengoko idiphozi inakho.
Ubanzi kangakanani ububanzi beMviwo ka-2004?
Ububanzi beMigaqo ka-2004 bubanzi ngokubanzi njengoluhlu lwabantu abangabizwa. Ngokomgaqo-2004 (b), umbuzo
inokuthi ibhekise kuphela kwizenzo, ukuziphatha, okanye ipropati okanye kwiimfanelo kunye nemeko yemali yomboleki, okanye nayiphi na into echaphazela ukulawulwa kwefa lomntu onetyala, okanye ilungelo lomntu onetyala lokukhutshwa.
Nangona ulawulo lujolise ekunciphiseni umbuzo, umxholo woviwo lwe-Rule 2004 unokuthintela malunga nantoni na echaphazela imali yemboleki okanye impahla, eyadlulayo nekhoyo.
Ababolekisi bangasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweMithetho ka-2004 ukufuna ulwazi malunga nezinto ezingabhalwanga okanye ubungqina bokuxhasa umchasi oqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityala alinakukhutshwa .
Kwimeko apho ishishini linokuqhubeka phantsi kweSahluko 11, iSahluko 12 okanye iSahluko 13, umbuzo ungabandakanyeka
ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na ishishini kunye nokufunwa kokuqhubeka kwayo, umthombo wemali okanye ipropathi efunyenweyo okanye ukuba ifunyenwe ngumboleki ngenjongo yokugqiba isicwangciso kunye nokuqwalaselwa okunikezelwayo, okanye nayiphi na into echaphazelekayo kwimeko okanye ukuqulunqwa kwesicwangciso.
Enyanisweni, ukuba umbuzo unokwenza umbuzo onokubaluleka kwezinto ezidlulileyo kwiimali zexesha elidlulileyo okanye zemali okanye izicwangciso zetyala ngexesha elizayo, umdlalo olungeleyo kumviwo wesi-2004.
Iimviwo ze-2004 zivame ukusetyenziswa ukubuza abantu abanetyala malunga nokunyamalala kweencwadi, iirekodi kunye neempahla. Icandelo le-727 lichaza ukuba umboleki unikwe ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuba ezinye izenzo zenziwe okanye zishiywe. Ukuba umntu onetyala ufihle ipahla, ukufihla okanye ukutshabalalisa iincwadi kunye neirekodi, wenza isifungo sobuxoki, okanye akakwazanga ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ukulahleka kweerekhodi okanye iimpahla, umntu onetyala angalahlwa.
Ukuhlaziywa nguCarron Nicks ngoFebruwari 2018.