Imisetyenzana yeMakethe yeBull kunye neeMakethe ze-Bear
Njengoko kuchazwe kwinqaku ekhethekileyo Ukuqonda iMakethe yeeRebhu , ufumene ukuba i-market yeebhanki yilapho ixesha elipheleleyo leemasheya liwile kakhulu kunye nokulahleka kwe-20% njengendlela engafanelekileyo ukuba iwele.
Iimakethe zaseBull, ngokuphambene, zenziwa ngamanani entengo zanda ngaphezu kwama-20%. Xa sithetha ngeemarike zamasheya, ngokuqhelekileyo sibhekiselele kwenye yeengqungquthela ezinkulu ezifana ne-Dow Jones Industrial Average okanye i-S & P 500.
Ngokwahlukileyo, imarike yeenkomo yelizwe okanye imarike yeebhere yelizwe iqulethe ixesha elide lokuthengisa imveliso yezinto ezinokuthi zidibanise iimakethe ezininzi zeempahla kunye neebhere. Kwi-Wall Street, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyaqonda ukuba iimarike zeenkomo zelizwe kunye neempahla zeebhere zelizwe zihlala ziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-25 kunye nobude obude obuquka iminyaka eyi-17 ngokubhekiselele kweso nasiphi na isangqa kwixesha elide elide elisondeleyo. Makhe sijonge ngamnye ngamnye:
- Imakethi ye-Bull yamanye amazwe - Kwiimarike zeenkomo zelizwe, amasheya ahlala ephakama ngaphezu kokuwa kwazo zonke iziphazamiso ezingaphezulu kokuhlawulwa ngenxa yenyuka yenyuka kwixabiso lempahla. Imalike yakutshanje kunye neyaziwayo yenkomo yenkomo iquka ixesha eliphakathi kuka-1983 no-2000 xa i-United States ingena kwandiso olukhulu kwezoqoqosho kwimbali yabantu emva kokuba uSihlalo we-Federal Reserve uPaul Volker uthathe i-2x4 yesiganeko emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso , okuvumela ilizwe libaleke kwi-malaise yokunyuka kwamaxabiso eminyaka yee-1970. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo kwakukho iimarike ezithwala ixesha elifanelekileyo, njenge-Black Monday crash ka-Oktobha 1987 xa izitokisini zithintela ukuhla kwelanga elilodwa kwimbali kunye ne-dot-com ye-2000, i-trend overall yayikuthi umtyalo-mali owathenge kwaye iimpahla ezinokubakho ziza kwenza imali eninzi, ukwandisa ngamandla akhe okwenene okuthenga, ngaloo ndlela ukwenza ubomi obungcono. Cinga ngemakethe yeenkunzi zeenkomo njengamanyathelo amabini-phambili-enye inyathelo-emva koko, nangona kukho izibambiso ngexesha lokuthengisa imveliso yeenkomo, uhlala uqhubeka phambili.
- Iimpawu zee-Bear Bear - Kwiimakethe zeebhere zelizwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgangatho wonke ungomnye wobutyebi obuthathaka njengokuba amandla okwenene okuthenga amasheya ayancipha ngaphezu kokuba ahamba phambili. I-market ye-bear yamanje ye-bear yafika ngo-1966 ukuya ku-1982. Nangona amaxabiso esitokisi ayashintsha ngokungaqhelekanga, aphelisa ixesha elingaphindayo apho baqala khona. Umonakalo weza kuphuma kwamanani emali, okubangela ukuba ixabiso lotyalo-mali linciphise ngokukhawuleza ngokwamandla okuthenga. Oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi ungcono kwiimeko ezithile ukuthenga iimpahla ezibonakalayo ezifana ne- real estate okanye izitye. Enyanisweni, uWarren Buffett wakhala ngesibhalela kubanikazi abanini-mali abaneminyaka engama-10 ngeli xesha lemarike yeebhere yomhlaba, wonke umsebenzi weeqela zolawulo ezakha iBerkshire uye wavumela isabelo ngasinye ukuba sigcine kuphela amandla okuthenga enye enye yegolide . Nangona kunjalo, iimakethe zeebhere zelizwe zingabonisa amathuba amakhulu ngenxa yokuba unako ukufumana amashishini kunye neempahla ezincinci kunokuba zifaneleke kumaxesha angcono. Utyalo-mali lwe-$ 10 wezigidi ze-Buffett kwi-Washington Post yahlala kwi-50% ukulahlekelwa iminyaka emithathu ngeli xesha nangona uqikelelo lokuba wayekhokhe imali engama-0.25 kwi-$ 1.00 yeyona nkampani yangempela, okanye yangaphakathi. Namhlanje, eso sigxina siyafaneleka kumntla wesi-2 biliyoni-ukuphakama kwe-2,000%.
Musa ukuhlamba kwiimpawu zeeBull okanye ii-Mark Bear Markets
Yiphutha elikhulu ukuxhonywa kwiimarike zeenkomo zelizwe okanye iimakethe zeebhere zelizwe ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukulawula xa uzalwe okanye uhlobo luni lweemarike ozifumanayo ngexesha leminyaka eyimali yokufumana umsebenzi wakho. Ukubuyela kumzekelo wethu wangaphambili, amadoda afana noWarren Buffett kunye noCharlie Munger benza yonke inzuzo yabo yokuqala ngexesha lemarike yeebhere yelizwe ibonisa ukuba xa wenza izinto ezinengqiqo, gxila ekufumaneni ixabiso lemali yakho, uhlale uzifundisa, kwaye ugweme ukuhlutha umngcipheko, unethuba elihle kakhulu lokunyusa izinga lempilo yakho yokuphila nokuphila. Ungabi lixhoba leemarike. Kukho ixesha elisoloko linengqondo ukwenza izinto.