Nangona kunjalo, usenokumangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho somhlala-phantsi sinokuza kunye nezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo. Hayi zonke iingu-401 (k) zinezinto ezilandelayo ezintlanu, kodwa kubalulekile ukubuza ummeli wakho wobume malunga neendlela zokukhetha ukuba unokuthatha isicwangciso sakho somhlala-phantsi kwizinga elilandelayo.
1. Ukunyuka ngokuzenzekelayo
Enye yezona ndlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ugcine ulondoloze ixesha elide kukunyusa ama-401 (k) iminikelo xa ufumana ukuphakanyiswa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhulisa iminikelo yakho njengoko iimali zakho ziphucula. Unokubeka kuphela imali encinci kumhlalaphantsi ngoku, kodwa xa uhlawula ityala lakho lekhadi lesikweletu, unako ukutyalomla ngakumbi kwikamva lakho.
Ezinye izicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi ziza ngokuzenzekela ngokukhawuleza ukukunceda ukwandise ngokuzenzekelayo iminikelo yakho. Kwezinye iimeko, unokuhlela izinto ukuze igalelo lakho landise njengoko wenza imali eninzi. Ezinye izicwangciso zinokukuvumela ukuba ukwandise ngokuzenzekelayo igalelo lakho ngepesenteji nganye ngonyaka. Ungayifaka ukunyusa igalelo lakho nge-0.5 ekhulwini okanye kwi-1 ekhulwini, kuxhomekeke kwinto okhululekile ngayo. Ngaloo ndlela, akufanele ukhumbule ukwandisa oko ubeka bucala, kwaye ugcine ngaphezulu malunga nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi unyaka ngamnye.
2. Ukubuyisana ngokuzenzekelayo
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisile ukuba iphothifoliyo yakho yomhlalaphantsi ihlala ilinganisekile, kufuneka ungene kwi-akhawunti yakho kwaye ngokwenene uqalise ukuthengiselana. Nangona kunjalo, i- 401 (k) iiplani zinikela ngokuzenzekelayo ngokulinganayo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ulwabiwo lweefa lakho, kwaye unokuyalela umlawuli ukuba alinganise iphothifoliyo yakho ukuba ilahleke kakhulu kwizinto ozikhethayo.
Gcina ingqalelo ukuba ukuphindaphinda ngokuzenzekelayo akutshintshisi iimpahla njengoko usondela kumhlalaphantsi (njengesikhwama somhla wokujolisa). Kunoko, ukuphindaphinda kukugxininise nokuba ingaba isabelo sakho samanje sisesekufuneka ukuba sibe, ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zeemeko zangoku. Umgaqo omhle wesithupha unomlinganiselo wokuba ulwabiwo lwakho lube lusetyesheni kwi-5% okanye ngaphezulu ukusuka kwisabelo sakho esifanelekileyo. Ngalolu hlobo, akufanele ukhumbule ukuzinyamekela.
3. Uhlobo lweRoth
Ukususela ngo-2006, abaqeshi baye bakwazi ukuchibiyela zabo i-401 (k) izicwangciso zokuvumela i-Roth inketho. Akunabo bonke abaqeshi abakwenzileyo oku, kodwa ukuba unomdla, unokubuza ummeli wakho we-HR ukuba isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi seenkampani sakho siza kunye neRoth 401 (k).
Ngendlela yokwenza iRoth, igalelo lakho lenziwe ngeedola zerhafu emva koko, awufumani irhafu yentlawulo ezayo kunye nemveli 401 (k) negalelo. Nangona kunjalo, imali yakho ikhula ngaphandle kweerhafu. Ngoko, kamva, xa uthatha isabelo kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi, akufanele uhlawule irhafu. Ukongezelela, iRoth 401 (k) ayifikanga nemingeni engeniso njengoko uRoth IRA yenzayo. Kwaye abaphezulu abafumana imali banokufaka isandla kwiRoth 401 (k) ukuba bafuna.
4. Ubunzima bokubanjwa
Ukuba unenkathazo yezemali, unokukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukukhutshwa kobunzima kwi-401 yakho (k) .
Nayiphi na inkampani enika le nketho kufuneka ibe neendlela zokumisela ezikufanelekelayo ukuxothwa kobunzima.
Xa uthabatha ukukhutshwa kweengxaki, imali ayihlawulwa kwi-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi. Akukho mboleko. Ngenxa yoko, usenokuba uxhomekeke kwisigwebo se-IRS kwiimali ezichasene nalabo bathatha ukusasazwa kwangaphambili kwi-401 (k). Kukho ezinye izikhetho kwixesha lokuqala lokurhoxiswa kwabangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-59 ½. Ezi zinto ziquka:
- Ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo
- Inkundla yenkundla idinga ukuba unike imali ohoxayo kumlingane oxhomekeke kuyo okanye oqhawule umtshato
- Ityala lakho lezonyango lidlula i-7.5 ekhulwini lomvuzo wakho opheleleyo
Kukho ezinye iimeko ngaphandle komgaqo, ngoko kufuneka uhlolisise umlawuli wakho wecebo ukuze ufumane ukuba awufanelekanga yini ukukhutshwa kobunzima bezohlwayo.
5. Iingcebiso zezeMali
Nangona ungenako ukufikelela kubacwangcisi ngokuthe ngqo, kukho ithuba elihle lokuya kwi-401 yakho (k) icebo ekhaya kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluncedo kunye nesikhokelo malunga nokutyalomali.
Njengoko iinkampani ezininzi zinomdla kumsebenzi, zidibanisa izibonelelo kwizicwangciso zabo zomhlalaphantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufikelela kumcwangcisi wezemali ukukunceda ukuba ufumene indlela yokwabela iphothifoliyo yakho. Uphononongo luka-2015 ngu-Aon Hewitt uthi iipesenti ezingama-69 zabaqeshi zinika inkxaso-nkqubo yokutshala imali kwi-intanethi, kwaye ama-53 ekhulwini anikezela ukufikelela kwefowuni kubacebisi ngezezimali.
Abanye abaqeshi banokubuza abaqeqeshi bezezimali ukuba baze banike iisemina malunga nokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi ukukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ukukhetha kwakho. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ufumana ukufikelela kwamahhala okungenamkhawulo kwabafundi bezezimali. Ezinye izicwangciso, nangona kunjalo, zinokukuvumela enye iseshoni yamahhala ngonyaka, okanye unomnye umda kwiingcebiso ozifumanayo.
Enye yezinto ezintle ongayenzayo kuhlaziywa izibonelelo ezibonelelwa ngumqeshi wakho. Usenokumangaliswa xa ufumanisa ukuba ulahlekile kwi-perks ebalulekileyo.