Iingxelo eziPhambili zeMali eziPhambili
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale utyalo-mali kwisitokethi ngasinye, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukubala izibalo zemali. Nangona unquma ukufumana imali yakho yemali kwi-broker yakho okanye kwisiza sezimali, usasafuna ukwazi ukuba ziphi na izinto eziza kukuxelela ngoshishino onokufuna ukutshala. Ngaphandle koko, ungenza iphutha uze uthenge kwinkampani enetyala elininzi, kungabi nemali eyaneleyo yokuphila, okanye inzuzo ephantsi. Esi sikhokelo sobungakanani bemali siya kuchaza indlela yokubala okubaluleke kakhulu kweemali zeemali, kwaye, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, oko bathethayo.
01 Isikhokelo seNkcazo zeMali
Awukwazi ukubala izibalo zemali ngaphandle kweengxelo zemali! Esi sikhokelo seengxelo zemali sinika imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo malunga nendlela yokufunda ibhalansi yemali, isitatimenti se ngeniso, kunye namanye amaxwebhu obhaliweyo obalulekileyo.
02 Izigaba 5 zeeRatios zeMali
Zonke izibalo zemali zihlulwe zibe yintlanu yeeklasi. Ngokufunda nganye kwezi zigaba zintlanu, uya kuqonda ukuba yiyiphi imali yokubalwa kwemali efunekayo xa uqala ukusebenza ngeenkcazo zemali zeenkampani.
03 Ixabiso ukuya kwi-Cash Flow Flow
Abanye abatyali-mali bathetha ukugxila kwingxowa-mali eyaziwa ngokuthi "intengo yokuhamba kwemali yemali" endaweni ye-"value-to-income ratio ratio" (okanye i-p / e isilinganiso esifutshane). Hlala, khumula, kwaye uthathe indebe yekhofi kuba uzimisele ukufunda yonke into owake wathanda ukuyiqonda malunga nale nto isoloko ikhehliwe ithuluzi lokulinganisela isitokhwe.
Ixabiso le- 04 ukuya kwiRatio yokuFumana - I-P / E Ratio
Ixabiso kumvuzo wokufumana imali, owaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo we-p / e, mhlawumbi unomlinganiselo wemali odumileyo kwihlabathi. Isetyenziswe njengendlela esheshayo neyinqambi yokujonga indlela "engabizi" okanye "eyabiza" isitokthi. Indlela eyona ndlela yokucinga ngayo yimalini ozimisele ukuhlawula ngayo yonke i-$ 1 kwimali engenayo eyenziwa yinkampani. Funda ukubala, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
05 I-PEG Ratio
Nangona ixabiso lentengo yokufumana imali (okanye i-p / e isilinganiso esifutshane) yindlela eyaziwayo kakhulu yokulinganisa ukulinganisela okuthethiweyo kwezibini ezimbini, umlinganiselo we-PEG uhamba phambili. Imela umlinganiselo wexabiso-kuya-umvuzo-wokukhula. Njengoko ungazixelela ngesihloko salo, iziphumo ze-PEG ekukhuleni kenkampani.
06 Ukulinganiswa kwempahla yeAset
Ubungakanani bemali yokuthengiswa kwee-asethi zibala inani lokuthengiswa kwedoli nganye ye-asethi inkampani inayo. Ilinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkampani ekusebenziseni izinto zayo.
07 Ulungelelaniso lwangoku
Njengomlinganiselo wemilinganiselo yokufumana imali, umyinge wamanje ungomnye owaziwayo kunabo bonke amaxabiso eemali. Isebenza njengolu vavanyo lwamandla eemali zenkampani kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, unokwazi ukuba inkampani ininzi kakhulu, okanye incinci, ikheshi ngesandla.
08 Amatyala kwi-Equity Ratio
Ixabiso lesibalo sokubaluleka kubalulekile kuba abatyali-mali bathanda ukuthelekisa ukulingana okupheleleyo (inzuzo efanelekileyo) yenkampani kwiimbopheleleko zamatyala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unayo ama-holide angama-100 yezigidi zeehotele kwaye ube neerhafu ezingama-30 ezikwimali, uya kuba nexhala elincinci kunokuba unayo imali engama-30 yezigidi kwi-matyala kunye ne-40 million yezigidi zexabiso. Funda indlela yokubala ityala lokulingana kunye nokuba kutheni kubalulekile.
09 Inqanaba lemali elincinci
Umyinge ophezulu wenzuzo kukuvumela ukuba inzuzo engakanani inokufumaneka njengepesenteji yokuthengisa ukuhlawula iindleko zokubhalwa kweentlawulo, iintengiso, iindleko zentengiso, iindleko ze-ofisi, njl. Ngenye yezona zibaluleka kakhulu zezimali onokuzifunda.
Umyinge wokuHlalwa kweMfuno
Umyinge wokuba ngumdla wokubaluleka ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wezezimali kumafemu asebenzisa amaninzi amatyala. Ikwazisa ukuba uninzi lwemali ekhoyo ukufihla zonke iindleko zenzalo inkampani efaka imali ehlawulwa ngonyaka.
11 Inventory Ukwenyuka kwamaxabiso
Ukuba udinga ukwazi ukuba zingaphi i-shishini lijikezela i-inventory yayo ngexesha elithile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise isilinganiso somvuzo wokubala. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba inkampani inamanani amaninzi eboshwe kwi-inventory kwaye ihamba ngeengxaki zemali. Umthengisi osebenza ngokugqithiseleyo, umzekelo, uya kuba nenani eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kwempahla kunomncintiswano ophantsi.
I-12 yeNzuzo yoNyaka yeNzuzo
Isilinganiselo semali eselungelelaniso senzuzo sinokuxelela ukuba imali enkampani yenza ntoni kwi $ 1 kwimali engenayo. Iinkampani ezinamaxabiso amaninzi aphezulu enzuzo zihlala zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezingcono, iibhonasi eziphambili kunye neentlawulo eziphezulu.
13 Ulungelelwaniso lokuSebenza kweMargin
Imali engenayo yokusebenza, okanye inzuzo yokusebenza njengoko kuthiwa ngamanye amaxesha, iyonke inzuzo yentlawulo yangaphambili yentlawulo ibhizinisi elenziwe kwimisebenzi yalo. Yinto ekhoyo kubanini ngaphambi kokuba ezinye izinto ezincinci zihlawulwe njengezinto ezikhethiweyo zentengo kunye neerhafu zerhafu.
14 Uvavanyo lokukhawuleza
Ukulinganisa okukhawulezayo (kwakhona okubizwa ngokuba yi-Acid Test okanye i-Ratio Ratio) yolu vavanyo olugqithisileyo nolunzima lobungqina bemali nenkampani.
15 Iyakwamkela iphendukile
Xa uhlalutya ishishini okanye isitokisi, ukuqonda ngokucacileyo kukuxelela ukuba inkampani ngokukhawuleza iqokelela iimali ezifunyenweyo zeakhawunti, zibhetele. Abathengi bakhawuleza bahlawula iindleko zabo, kungekudala inkampani inokubeka imali kwi-bhanki, ihlawule ityala okanye iqalise ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha. Kukho nethuba elincinci lokulahlekelwa yimali kwiingxelo ezigqithisileyo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho indlela yokubala inani leentsuku eliza kuthatha ishishini ukuba liqokele iimali ezifunyenweyo - libizwa ngokuba yimpendulo efunyenweyo okanye ukufumana imali efunyenweyo, kwaye liyimali ebalulekileyo yokufunda.
16 Buyela kwi-asethi (ROA) Ukulinganiswa
Xa ukuthengiswa kweefa kumxelela umtyalomali ukuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-$ 1 yeefa, ubuyisele kwi-asethi , okanye i-ROA imfutshane, uxelele umtyalo-mali ukuba inzuzo engakanani inkampani eyenza i-$ 1 nganye kwiifa. Ukubuyiselwa kwi-assets figure nayo yindlela eqinisekileyo yomlilo yokulinganisa ubungakanani beefayili yoshishino. Ngokomzekelo, ingabe inkampani ophanda kuyo kufuneka uchithe imali emininzi kumatshini obizayo ngaphambi kokuba ivelise kwaye ithengise umkhiqizo ukuvelisa ukubuya? Ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu zezemali ongazi.
17 Buyela kwi-Equity (ROE) Ukulinganiswa
Enye yeemetrics ezibaluleke kakhulu kukubuyisela kwi-equity (okanye i-ROE efutshane). Ukubuyiselwa kubulungisa kubonisa ukuba inzuzo engakanani inkampani eyayizuza xa kuthelekiswa nemali epheleleyo yabanini-mali yabanini-mali abanokufumaneka kwi- balance sheet .
18 I- Advanced Return Return to Equality: Umzekelo weDuPont
Xa uwazi ukubala ukubuyisela kwi-equity ratio yemali ekhankanywe ngasentla, kufuneka uhambe ngakumbi kwaye uphule kwiinqununu ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-DuPont. Ngokukufunda, unokwazi ukubona oko kukukwenza inkampani inenzuzo. Kuyinto, kwaye ihlala, imfihlelo yokuqonda ininzi inzuzo.
I- Capital Capital ngeDola yeZentengiso
Ingxowa-mali ye-dollar yemali yexabiso lokuthengisa ibalulekile ngoba ikuvumela ukuba wazi ukuba imali yinkampani ifuna ukuqhuba ntoni ukuqhuba ishishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-capital work more inkampani ifuna, ixabiso elincinci kuba loo nto abaniniyo abanako ukuyenza ngaphandle kweshishini ngokwemivuzo.