Kutheni i-Central Bank ibcina i-Gold Reserves?
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga ukuba kutheni amazwe ahlala egcina igolide yezinto zegolide kunye nawaphi amazwe anenani legolide kwiindawo zokugcina ibhanki.
Kutheni Ugcina iGcina leeGolide?
Amazwe amaninzi athuthukile agcina ubuncinane beendawo zokugcina igolide njengenxalenye yomgaqo-siseko webhanki, nangona iindleko eziphezulu zokugcina kunye nokungabi nabuyiselwa kwemali. Emva koko, iibhanki eziphambili zinokubamba iitaliti ezingaphandle kwamanye amazwe kwaye zifumana umdla ngamnye ngonyaka kulowo mabango.
IGolide yintengo yangaphakathi eyamkelwayo naphina kwihlabathi ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sesithathu. Ngamanye amagama, iidola zase-US kufuneka ziqinisekiswe nguRhulumente waseUnited States ukuba azuze nantoni naxa igolide isoloko ixabisa into ethile naphi na, nayiphi na ixesha.
Iibhanki eziMbindi zigcina i-gold reserves njengenqubomgomo yomshuwalense ngokumalunga ne- hyperinflation okanye ezinye iintlekele zezoqoqosho. IGolide yinto elandelwa kakhulu kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto kwiMhlaba, okwenza kube yimakethe ebonakalayo xa kuthengwa ukungenelela ukuxhasa imali yemali.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-dollar yase-US yayiza kuhlahloka ngokuphawulekayo kwixabiso elihambelana nezinye iirhafu, urhulumente angathengisa igolide ukuthenga iidola kunye nenkxaso yayo.
Njengemali yokunyuka kwamaxabiso emali yemali, amaninzi kula mabhanki amakhulu akhulisa i-gold holdings phezu kwexesha ukuphendula ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso emali.
Amanye amazwe sele aqale ukwandisa i-gold holdings ekuphenduleni inkxwaleko yezoqoqosho emhlabeni jikelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imali yabo iyithembeke ngakumbi kuneemali ezikhuphisanayo. Emva kwakho konke, i-US igcina izibonelelo ezinjalo zokuxhasa ukuxabisa kweDola ye-US njengemali yokugcina imali yaseprayimari.
Ngubani Ubambe Igolide Eninzi?
I-United States inomthwalo omkhulu kwigolide kwiitoni ezingaphezu kwama-8 000, okuphindwe kabili kweJamani kunye namaxesha amathathu eItali naseFransi. Kwi-1,300 yeeyunithi nganye, ezi zibonelelo zixabisa ngaphezu kwama-dollar ayi-375 yezigidigidi zamaRandi. Ezi zibonelelo zaziyinxenye ebalulekileyo ye-$ 850 yeebhiliyoni zelizwe ngonyaka we-2008, kodwa ukususela ngoko, ibe yincinci encinci ye-$ 4 trillion yemali ngo-2017.
Ezi zibonelelo zegolide zibalwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-75.3 ze-Federal Reserve zokubamba ngo-2016, oku kuthetha ukuba kubonakala kukukhetha ukuphatha igolide kunokubhekca yee currenti okanye ityala elingaphandle kwamanye amazwe njengamanye amazwe amaninzi. Ngokuthelekiswa, iChina ibamba ngaphantsi kwama-3 ekhulwini kwiindawo zayo zokugcina kwigolide kunye nesininzi kwiibhondi zaseburhulumenteni zase-US ezithengela ixesha elide lezorhwebo elilinganiselwa kwizigidigidi zeedola.
Nangona i-US ithatha iindawo ezinkulu zokugcina igolide, amanye amazwe ayongeza kwiindawo zabo zokugcina kwizinga elikhawulezayo okanye anokufikelela kwimithombo yegolide yasekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, iChina ibonisa ukuba iphantsi kweluhlu lwezinto zegolide, kodwa kukuchithwa kwegolide kwigolide elitsha kuneliphi na ilizwe. Ngokufanayo, iOstreliya inama-280 yeetrikiti zegolide kwiindawo zayo zokugcina, kodwa izakhiwo ezinkulu zegolide ezihlala kuyo kunye neyesibini ezinkulu zegolide.
Amazwe aneendawo ezinkulu zokugcina igolide, ngoJuni 2017, zibandakanya:
- EUnited States: 8,133.5
- Jamani: 3,374.1
- Italy: 2,451.8
- EFransi: 2,435.9
- I-China: 1,842.6
- Russia: 1,715.8
- ESwitzerland: 1,040.0
* Iimali kwietoni zamathani.
I-International Monetary Fund (i-IMF) iphethe iitani ezingama-2,814 zegolide, ngelixa i- European Central Bank (ECB) inamanqaku angama-504.8 eetoni.
Amazwe athile anika igolide kule mibutho ukuxhasa ixabiso lawo kwaye aqinisekise ukuzinza kwabo ngexesha lokungaqiniseki.
Ngaphantsi
Amazwe anamhlanje asenokungena kwi-standard standard yegolide, kodwa iibhanki ezininzi ezisemgangathweni zihlala zinegolide. Isizathu esilula kukuba igolide iyona fowuni efunyenwe ngokubanzi-efana nedivayisi engafunekiyo isiqinisekiso sesithathu kwaye yamkelwe naphi na. Isebenza njengento engabalulekiyo enkulu xa kwenzeka inhlekelele enkulu yemali kwaye inceda ukuxhasa ixabiso langaphakathi leemali ngokubeka umgangatho wokulinganisela kwabo kwiimarike zehlabathi.