Iintlobo ezinhlanu eziqhelekileyo zee-enzymes kunye nendima yazo kwimveliso yobisi zichazwe ngezantsi.
Rennet
Ubisi luqukethe amaprotheni, ngokukodwa i-caseins, egcina ifom yefayili. Iiproteases ziyi-enzyme ezongezwa kubisi ngexesha lokukhiqizwa kweeshizi, kwii-casinate ze-hydrolyze, i-casepa ye-kappa, eqinisa umgangatho we-micelle ukukhusela i-coagulation. I-Rennet kunye ne-rennin yimimiselo eqhelekileyo nayiphi na i-enzyme esetyenziselwa ukuguqula ubisi. I-rennet yezobugcisa nayo iyigama lesigxina sesisu sesine sesine.
I-enzyme eqhelekileyo ehlukeneyo kwi-rennet yi-chymosin. I-Chymosin inokufumaneka nakwezinye izilwanyana, imilwanyana okanye imifuno yemifuno, kodwa i-chymosin yemveli yemveli (evela kwi-fungi okanye ibhaktheriya) ayikwazi ukwenza i-cheddar nezinye iindidi ezinzima.
Ukunikezwa kwemveliso yenkomo ye-calnet ye-calnet yenze i-kymosin ye-microbial nge-cloning calf prochymosin geni kwiibhaktheriya.
I-chymosin ye-bioengineeredry ingabandakanyeka kwimveliso ye-70% yemveliso yeeshizi. Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kwee-enzymes eziza kuthiwa ziphilisa ubomi bamathole, kubonisa imiba yokuziphatha kubantu abachasene nokutya okulungiselelwe i-GEMs.
Ezinye iiProteases
Ubisi luqulethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprotheni, ngaphezu kweefowini.
Ubisi lweenkomo ziqulethe iiproyte ze-whey ezifana ne-lactalbumin kunye ne-lactoglobulin. Ukutyunjwa kwala ma-protein ase-whey, usebenzisa i-proteases, kubangela umkhiqizo we-yogurt we-creamier. Ukuchithwa kwama-whey amaprotheni kubalulekile ekuveliseni i-cheese.
Ngethuba lokuveliswa kweentshizi ezithambileyo, i-whey iyahlukana nobisi emva kokubhinqa kwaye ingathengiswa njengesongezelelo sesondlo sokwakha umzimba, ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwegazi, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kukho neengxelo ze-whey ezondla ngemithi yesifo somhlaza, kunye negalelo ekufakweni kwe-insulin yokuvelisa kwabo abane-Type 2 yeswekile. Iiprotease zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iprotheni ye-hydrolyzed whey, leyo i-whey protein ephule phantsi kwi-polypeptide efutshane. I-whey ene-hydroyzedy iyakwazi ukuba yenze i-reaction effect kwaye isetyenziselwe ukulungiselela izongezo zefomula zentsana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango.
Lactase
I-Lactase yi-enzyme ye-glycoside hydrolase eyenza i-lactose ibe yishukela yayo, i-galactose kunye ne-glucose. Ngaphandle kwemveliso eyaneleyo ye-lactase enzyme emathunjini amancinci, abantu baba yi-lactose engavumelaniyo, okubangelwa ukungathandeki (i-cramps, i-gas, kunye nehudo) kwindawo yokugaya ukutyalwa kwemveliso yobisi. I-Lactase isetyenziselwa ukuthengisa ukulungiselela iimveliso zama-lactose, ngokukodwa ubisi, kubantu abanjalo.
Kukwasetyenziswa kwakhona ekulungiseleleni i-ice cream, ukwenza i-creamier kunye nemveliso enonandi kakhulu. I-Lactase ivame ukulungiswa ukusuka eKluyveromyces sp. imvubelo kunye no- Aspergillus sp. yefungi.
Catalase
I-enzyme i-Catalase ifumaneke ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kummandla othile wokuvelisa ushizi. I-hydroxy peroxide yinkomidi enamandla kwaye inetyhefu kwiiseli. Isetyenziselwa endaweni yokutya , xa wenza iintlobo ezithile zeentshizi ezifana neSwitzerland, ukuze ulondoloze i-milk enzyme yobisi engumncedisi ekuphuculeni umkhiqizo kunye nophuculo lwe-tilisi.
Ezi ntsholongwane ziza kubhujiswa ngumlilo ophezulu wokutya. Nangona kunjalo, iinqununu ze-hydrogen peroxide ebisi ziyakuthi zivimbele iinkcubeko zebhakteria ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuveliswa kweeshizi, ngoko ke zonke iimpawu zazo kufuneka zisuswe. Ama-enzyme e-Catalase atholakala kwiinkomo zesilwanyana okanye kwimithombo ye-microbial kwaye ayongezwa ukuba aguqulwe i-hydrogen peroxide emanzini kunye ne-oksijini ye-molecule.
Lipases
Ii-lipases zisetyenziselwa ukuphula amafutha obisi kunye nokunika iiflegi ezibonakalayo. Iitshizi ezinomdla eziqinileyo, umzekelo, isonka saseNtaliyane, iRomano, silungele ukusebenzisa iipasase. I-flavour ivela kwi-fatty acid acids eyenziwa xa i-milk oil i-hydrolyzed. Iilesi lipases zifumaneka kwi-kid, ithole, kunye nemvana, ngelixa i-microbial lipase itholakala ngokuvumba kunye neentlobo ze-fungal Mucor meihei .
Nangona i-microbial lipases ifumaneka kwi-cheese-making, ayifani ngokuthe ngqo kwiiyiphi i-fatty they hydrolyze, ngelixa i-enzyme zezilwanyana zingenakudla ngokukodwa kwimifutshane emfutshane kunye nobude obude. I-Hydrolysis yamafutshane amancinci ukhethwa ngenxa yokuba ibangela umdla onqwenelekayo weentshizi ezininzi. I-Hydrolysis yechungechunge elide le-fatty acids linokubangela ukuba unobuncwane okanye akukho nambitheka.