Kuthi phantse wonke umntu waseUnited States angazi ukuba ukukhetha utyalo-mali ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi esedlulileyo akulungele ubutyebi bakho. Abazi ukuba kunjalo nangona kukho nayiphina i-prospectus okanye utsalo-mali okhangisa ukusebenza uya kubona isilumkiso "ukusebenza kwangaphambili akuqinisekisi ukuba iziphumo ezizayo".
Ukubhengezwa kotyalo-mali kuye kwaba nzima ukuba uphando luyenziwe ngokungaphumeleli kwayo, njengephepha le-2010, Izixwayiso ezingenanzuzo? Ukuvavanya Ukuphumelela kweeNkcazo kwiMatual Fund, ezithi,
"Abathengi bemali-mboleko bahlambela kwiimali kunye neentlawulo ezidlulileyo, nangona kuncinci, ukuba kukho, ubudlelwane phakathi kweembuyekezo ezidlulileyo kunye nokubuya kwexesha elizayo. Ngenxa yokuba iimali zokulawulwa kweengxowa-mali zixhomekeke kwimali yezinto ezibekwe imali kwimali yabo, nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zenkxaso zihlala zivakalisa iindleko zemali yazo ephezulu.
Olunye uphando olushicilelwe kwi-Georgia Law Review, iMatual Fund UkuThengiswa kweNtsebenzo: Ukungahambi kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwenyama? , ithi:
Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo weeNgxowa-mali ungase ube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubasomali abakhethayo phakathi kweemali zentsebenziswano. Abatyala-mali batshayela iindleko ezidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo izifundo zeengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo zifumene ubungqina obuncinane bokuthi imbuyekezo esele idlulileyo iqikelela ukubuyiswa kwexesha elizayo. Ukuqhutyelwa komsebenzi ngumdlalo wezilumko. "
Kwaye kwelinye isifundo, Kutheni Umthetho Wexabiso Elilodwa Kuphela? Iingcamango kwi-Index Mutual Funds , abatyala-mali abaqeqeshiweyo bacelwa ukuba baqoke phakathi kweemali ezine ze-S & P 500 (ezo zonke zityala ngendlela efanayo kwiimpahla ezifanayo). Abathathi-nxaxheba baboniswe ngokubaluleka kweenombolo kwimisebenzi esedlulileyo njengokuba "kuqaliswa ukubuyela kumhla" -iyinto engenamsebenzi ngaphandle kokuba yonke imali iqalise ngomhla omnye.
Impendulo echanekileyo yayiza kuba ukukhetha i-fund ngeemali eziphantsi kakhulu, kodwa i-95% yabathathi-nxaxheba bayifumene-kwaye ayinciphisi imali.
Nangona kubonakala ubungqina obucacileyo bokuthi ukuqokelela imali ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi esedlulileyo kukuba, ngokunyanisekileyo, indlela engathethiyo yokukhetha utyalo-mali, abantu bayaqhubeka bekwenza. Ngoba? Kukho ukudideka okubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwexesha elidlulileyo kwaye akufanelekanga. Ngezantsi zikhokelo ezintathu zokusebenzisa xa ucinga malunga nokusebenza kwangaphambili.
1. Umsebenzi oDlulileyo ochaphazelekayo kuMphathi woTyalo-mali awubalulekanga
Umphathi wotyalo-mali unokufumana inhlanhla, okanye indlela yakhe yokutyalomali ingayithanda ixesha elide. Ku lungele! Oko akuthethi kuya kuba kuhle kuwe. Ububungqina obungenakuphikiswa bubonisa ukuba abaphathi abasebenzayo abaphumelelanga ekufumaneni imbuyekezo ephezulu kunenombolo efaniswayo.
Ukusebenza kwangaphambili kuNxulumana neFund One One vs. Another Not Worth
Ngokomzekelo, ukuthelekisa isikhwama esikhulu senkunzi kwingxowa-mali encinci, okanye isikhwama se-real estate kwi-fund market. Ezinye iiklasi ze-asethi zenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezithile zoqoqosho; abanye a ba Ukutyalwa kotyalo-mali kusekelwe kwimisebenzi esedlulileyo kunokukunceda kwiiklasi ze-asethi ezenzile kakuhle kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye elishumi edlulileyo, okungekho iiklasi ezifanayo eziza kwenza kakuhle kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye elishumi ezayo.
3. Kulindeleke ukubuya kwiiNyanga zeMngcipheko
Ndiyakholwa ukuba abantu badibanisa iintlobo ezingentla ngentsebenzo esedlulileyo kunye neentlawulo ezilindelekileyo ezivela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-premium yengozi.
Ngokomzekelo, abatyali-mali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba emva kwee-stocks zexesha kufuneka baphumelele kwiimali-mali ezikhuselekileyo ezifana nezibophelelo. Usebenzo lwangaphambili lucatshulwa njenge "ubungqina" beli. Nangona kunjalo, akusebenzi umsebenzi odlulileyo okhokelela ekulindeni ukuba emva kwee-stocks ezifunekayo kufuneka banikezele iindleko eziphezulu kunezibophelelo. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-premium yengozi yokulingana.
Ingqiqo yeprayimum yengozi isekelwe kumqondo oqhelekileyo. Masithi ungayifaka i-$ 10,000 kwibhanki yakho yasekhaya kwaye ufumane inzuzo ekhuselekile yokungabi nengozi ye-1%. Okanye unako ukutyhala imali eyi-10 000 kwi-shishini lomhlobo othembekileyo. Ukuba utyalo-mali kwishishini lindeleke ukuba lihlawule enye ye-1% njengebhanki bekungekho sizathu sokuba wenze njalo.
Uyazi ukuba ishishini lingahluleka; nawe uyazi ukuba uya kuphumelela uza kufumana ngaphezulu kwe-1%.
Ukuba uthabatha utyalo-mali usalindela ukubuyiswa okungaphezulu kwezinto ongayifumana kwi-investments ephephile - kwaye uyamkela umngcipheko wokuba ufumane imali encinci okanye ubangele ukulahleka. Ukwenza utyalo-mali ngenxa yokuba ulindele ukuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuthatha umngcipheko-oko kukubangela isiseko se-premium yengozi.
Le ngongoma yeprayimum engozi yonikezelo enika iiklasi ezithile zee-asethi izinga eliphezulu elilindelekileyo lokubuyisela kunabanye. Kwaye amaninzi (kodwa awona onke), anikwe ixesha elaneleyo (iminyaka engama-20 +) iiklasi ze-asethi ezikhuselekileyo ziye zanikela iintlawulo eziphezulu kunokuba zikhetho ezincinci zokutshala imali .
Ukubuyiselwa okulindelekileyo ukusuka kwiiprayimari zengozi yokulingana yinto ehluke ngokupheleleyo kunokwakheka ingxowa-mali okanye isicwangciso sokurhweba esekelwe kwimbuyekezo yangaphambili.
I-premium yengozi yezobulungisa iyisitori esingasetyenziselwa ukwakha iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali enokubaluleka okulindelekileyo ngaphezu kwexesha elide kunezinye ezinye iindlela ezingekho phantsi kweengozi.
Ukusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo we-premium mngcipheko wokwakha ipolfoliyoyiyo yinkqubo ehlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunokuba ukhangele uluhlu lweemali kunye kunye nokukhetha abo babenakho ukubuyisela phezulu kwixesha elidlulileyo 1, 5, 10, okanye ukuqaliswa ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Ngenxa yobutyebi bakho, yeka ukutshala imali ngendlela engasisimungulu. Qalisa ukutshala imali ngendlela ehlakaniphile. Ukuba awukwazi ukutshala imali, qasha umntu ukuba akuncede. Imirhumo ehlawulwa kwiingcebiso kufuneka ihlawule. Imirhumo ehlawulwa kwingxowa-mali ethi amabango "angaphaya" kwimarike ayikho.