Ezi zihambelanayo zihlukile kumntu ngamnye, ngaphandle kweewele ezifanayo.
Izindlela ezahlukileyo zeDNA zendlela yokusebenzisa iminwe, usebenzisa i-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ( RFLP ) okanye i- PCR okanye zombini, kwaye ijolise kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ye-DNA kuquka nalawo ahlukeneyo kwii-nucleotides (enye i-nucleotide polymorphisms; i-SNPs), ukuphindaphinda kwe-tandem (STRs) kunye nezinye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphinda iipolymorphic. Iingxaki zokuchonga umntu ngokuchanekileyo kuxhomekeka kwinani lokuphindaphinda ukulandelwa kunye nobukhulu bayo.
I-DNA yeminwe yemifanekiso, xa isetyenziselwa isayensi ye-forensic, isebenzisa i-probes ejolise kwimimandla ye-DNA ecacileyo ebantwini, ngaloo ndlela iphelisa nayiphi na into yokungcoliswa yi-DNA engaphandle kwiibhaktheriya, izityalo, inambuzane okanye ezinye izinto.
I-DNA Iminwe yokuFingerprint isetyenziswa njani?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezisetyenzisiweyo zeDNA. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo.
- I-Forensics: Njengokuba abaninzi ababukeli beTV bazi, i-DNA yeminwe ingenziwa ngeyona nto encinane ye-DNA, kwaye iyindlela eqinisekileyo yomlilo yokuthi "umunwe" ube yinto ebangela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokufanayo, i-DNA yeminwe ingenza kwaye ixoxise abantu abangenatyala bobugebengu - ngamanye amaxesha nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo. I-DNA yeprint fingerprint ingasetyenziswe ngokulula ukuchonga umzimba okhulayo.
- Ukuchonga okungabonakaliyo: Ngaba uYoe ungumzali kaBilly ngokwenene? I-DNA yeminwe ingaphendula loo mbuzo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Ukongezelela ekuchazeni abantwana abasamkelayo kunye nokuzinzisa izibophezelo ze-paternity, i-DNA yeminwe yecwecwe nayo isetyenziselwe ukuseka ubudlelwane kwimeko yelifa. Ngaphezulu kweyodwa, i-DNA yeminwe yeminwe yenza abantu bakwazi ukwahlukana ngenxa yentlekele yemvelo okanye imfazwe ukufumana abantwana babo nabazali.
- Amachiza: I- DNA yeminwe yeminwe isebenza ezininzi kwiyeza. Omnye umzekelo obalulekileyo ukuchonga imifuno emihle yemfuza yombutho okanye umrhumo womongo. Oogqirha baqala ukusebenzisa i-DNA ngeminwe yesikhala njengesixhobo sokuyila "unyango" olwenziwe unyango lwegulane. Ubuncinane kwimeko enye, i-DNA yeminwe yokusetyenziswa kwimbhalo yayisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli yesisulu ibhalwe ngokuchanekileyo negama elifanelekileyo lomguli.
- Izolimo: Zonke izinto eziphilayo zi-DNA-oko kuthetha ukuba i-DNA yeminwe ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga izityalo okanye "izityalo," okanye izityalo ezinokuthi zibe nexabiso lokuthintela. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubonakalisa ukuhambelana nezilwanyana ezixabisekileyo ezifana neentambo zamahashe.
I-DNA yeFingerprinting Made?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvavanywa kwabantu, abahloli bacela umxholo wesampula se-DNA enokunikezelwa njengesampuli segazi okanye njengengubo yeethambo ezisuka ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
Iisampula zegazi ngokuqhelekileyo zikhethwa. Emva kokuba isampuli ifunyenwe kwaye ivavanywe, ingasetyenziselwa isixhobo sokuphuculwa kwonyango okanye xa kuthelekiswa nomnye umntu:
- Ukuseka ubudlelwane begazi phakathi kwabantu ababini
- Misela ukuba ngaba abantu ababini banomdla wofuzo olufanelekileyo kwizizathu zonyango
- Misela ukuba i-DNA yomntu othile idibanisa i-DNA kwimeko yolwaphulo-mthetho
- Ukuchonga umzimba