Ukuhlaziywa kwePortfolio 101
Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe malunga nokuba kutheni ukuhlaziywa kweepotfoliyo kungabikho okubi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ingqiqo kwaye kutheni abaphathi abaninzi bezocalo-mali baxhasayo isicwangciso.
Ukubuyiselwa kwemali yinkqubo yokuthengisa izinto ezithile kunye nokuthenga abanye ukuzisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngokulungelelaniswa nokunikezelwa kweefa, njengepesenti ethile yamasheya kunye nezibophelelo.
Ulwabiwo lwe-asethi lukhona ukunceda ukuphepha umngcipheko kunye nokufikelela kwiinjongo ezithile zokutshala imali. Iibhonki zibhekwa njengexabiso eliphantsi lomngcipheko, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zihlawula ukubuyela okuphantsi ngokuthelekiswa nama-stocks. Amasheya athatyathwa njengengozi ephezulu, kwaye anikezela ukubuyiswa okuphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye neenjongo, mhlawumbi ufuna ipesenti ethile yepottoliyo yakho kwimasitokeni kunye nepesenti ezithile kwiibhondi zokukunceda uzuze ixabiso elifanelekileyo ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko . Umzekelo, umnini-mali omncinci unokuba negalelo ekujoliswe kuzo okuyi-80 ekhulwini zeempahla kunye nama-bond e-20 ekhulwini, ngelixa umnini-mali ufikelele umhlala-phantsi angafuna amasenti e-60 kunye nama-40 ekhulwini. Akukho sabelo esilungileyo okanye esingalunganga, oko kwenzeni ingqiqo kwimeko yomntu othile.
Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukwabiwa kweempahla kuye kwathatyathwa ekujoliswe kuyo. Oku kunengqiqo, njengamacandelo e- asethi ahlukeneyo anikezela ukubuyiswa okungafaniyo. Ukuba ama-stocks akho anike ipesenti ezili-10 abuyele ngaphezu konyaka ngelixa iibhondi zakho zibuyela kuma-4 eepesenti, uya kugqiba ngepesenti ephezulu yamasheya kunye neepesenti eziphantsi kweebhondi kunokuba uqale.
Yilapho abantu abaninzi bekuxelele ukuba ungalingani. Bathi kufuneka uthengise amasitokethi kwaye uthenge izibophelelo zokubuyela kwisabelo sakho sokujolisa. Kodwa kukho ukuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo ekuhleni: Xa wenza oku, uthengisa i-asethi eyenzayo kakuhle ukuthenga ngaphezulu kwexabiso eliphambili!
Le yintloko yecala ngokukhawulelana kweepotfoliyo.
Uluhlu olufanelekileyo phakathi koLawulo lweengozi kunye neNzuzo
Injongo yesabelo ekujoliswe kuyo kukulawulwa kwengozi, kodwa oko kukukhokelela ekubeni unento eninzi eyenza imali encinci. Nasi umzekelo, ngeenombolo ezicacileyo ezichaza indlela esebenza ngayo:
Masithi uneholifoliyo eyi-$ 10,000 engama-80 ekhulwini kunye ne-20 ekhulwini. Ngaphezulu konyaka, amasheya akho abuyele iipesenti ezili-10 kunye nezibhondi zibuyisa iipesenti ezi-4. Ekupheleni konyaka, unayo i-$ 8,800 esitokisini kunye ne-$ 2,080 kwiibhondi. Lo nyaka untle kakhulu, ekupheleni unayo i-$ 10,880. Kodwa ngoku unayo i-81 pesenti ye-stock kunye ne-19% yeebhondi. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali kukuthi kufuneka uthengise enye ye-$ 800 inzuzo kwiimpahla zakho ukuthenga izibophelelo ezingaphezulu.
Kodwa ukuba wenza njalo, uya kuba neebhanki ezingaphezulu ezikuhlawulele iipesenti ezi-4, kwaye ungaphantsi utyalomali kulezo zikhokelo ezikuhlawule iipesenti ezili-10. Ukuba kwenzeka into efanayo ngonyaka ozayo, ukuthengisa izitokethi ukuthenga izibophelelo ezingaphezulu kukhokelela ekubuyiseni kwexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngexesha lo mzekelo umehluko unokuba ngumlinganiselo ophantsi kwe-$ 100 ngaphezu konyaka, ixesha lakho lotyalo-mali lide kakhulu kunomnyaka owodwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ziyiminyaka. Ukuba ulahlekelwe ngama-$ 25 kuphela ngonyaka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kwi-interest rate ye-6, malunga ne-$ 2,000 kwiilahleko. Iidola ezinkulu kunye nemigangatho yenzalo eyenza ukungafani kwonakalise ngakumbi kwipotifoliyo yakho.
Esi siphumo asikhawulelwanga kwisitokisi ngokubhekiselele kwizibophelelo. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, i-S & P 500 iye yagqithisa kakhulu iimarike ezikhulayo , kunye ne-89 ekhulwini yeminyaka emihlanu ebuyela kwi-S & P 500 xa kuthelekiswa nama-22,4 eepesenti kuphela ukusuka kwikhompyutheni eyaziwayo. Ukuba ubuza kuthengisa i-S & P ukuthenga iimarike ezithengayo, kuya kuba nexesha elidlulileyo kwiiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwabiwa kwempahla kusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ukukhutshwa kweenzuzo akuyona yinjongo kuphela yecwangciso lotyalo-mali: Ufuna ukulawula umngcipheko, ngokukodwa xa usondela ngakumbi kumhlalaphantsi kwaye awuyi kuba nexesha lokufumana ukulahleka okukhulu kwiimarike.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukhula, kwaye kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuhlawula ukuthengisa impahla eqhuba kakuhle. Cinga nge- investing motif ngokunjalo.