Iindleko zezoQoqosho ze-Catalan Independence
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2017, ukunyakaza ukuzimela kwe-Catalonia kweSpeyin kuye kwaba yinkalo ebaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe elijongene nokutyalomali-mali kumazwe ngamazwe ngo-2018 nangaphezulu.
Ukuzimela kweCatalonia
Enye yezona ntlobo ezibalaseleyo zentshukumo ye-Catalan yokuzimela zivela emva kowe-1922, xa uFrancesc Macià wasungula iqela lezopolitiko likaRhulumente waseCatalan. Ngomnyaka we-1931, uMacià wamemezela iRiphabliki yaseCatalan emva kokuxoxisana nokuzimela kunye nombuso waseSpeyin. Imfazwe yaseSpeyin yaseNtshonalanga yachithwa ukuzimela kwendawo ngo-1938, kodwa ummandla wabuya wabuya u-autonomy ngo-2006 emva kokuxoxisana kweNkcazo yokuVikela eyayivunyelwene nguRhulumente waseSpain kwaye wadluliselwa ngumbono kwiCatalonia.
Ngo-2010, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseSpain yawulawula ukuba amanye amacatshulwa kwisivumelwano ayengahambisani nomgaqo-siseko kwaye amanye aguqulelwe ngokuthe ngqo. Izibambiso ezichasene nesigqibo senkundla zikhawuleza zize zifune ukuzimela zivulelwe okokuqala ngqa ukususela kuma-1920.
Oomasipala abangaphezulu kwama-500 babambe ii-referendums phakathi ko-2009 no-2011 kwaye urhulumente waseCatalan wabamba uvoti lwakhe ngoNovemba ka-2014-bonke abavote 'yebo'.
UMongameli uCarles Puigdemont wamemezela ukuvakaliswa okuzibophezelayo ekuzimeleyo okwabonakala kungekho mthethweni nguRhulumente waseSpain kunye neNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko.
Kodwa, ivoti yabanjwa ngo-Oktobha 1, 2017 kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 ukuvota ngokuzimela nokuziphendulela kuma-43 ekhulwini. IPalamente yaseCatalonia ivume isigqibo sokudala i-republic republic ngo-Oktobha 27, 2017, kodwa urhulumente waseSpain wangenelela ukuba ayeke.
UNdunankulu waseSpeyin u-Mariano Rajoy wamema amandla angxamisekileyo kwimbali yaseSpain, wagxothisa urhulumente waseCatalan, wabeka umthetho ngokuthe ngqo kummandla owawunokuzimela. Emva koko wabiza unyulo olutsha kwiPalamente yeNgingqi ngokuthemba ukuba abavoti baseCatalan baya kubagweba iinkokheli ze-secessionist. Nangona kubanjwe kwimihla yeveki, iqumrhu lamaqela okuzimela liphinde laphumelela ngo-Disemba ka-2017 ukhetho malunga ne-80 ekhulwini lokuvotela abavoti. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zibonise ngokubanzi ukwahlukana kweCatalonia, kunye ne-pro-nyunyana yeqela eliphambili Iqela eliba liqela elikhethiweyo.
Iindleko zoQoqosho zoNyaka
Ukwahlukana kweCatalonia yaseSpeyin kungaphambanisa ummandla kwixesha elide lokungaqiniseki ngendlela efana ne 'Brexit', ngokweengxelo zezoqoqosho ze-ING. Ibhanki iyaxela ukuba kuya kubakho ukuwa ekusebenziseni phakathi kwemikhaya yaseCatalan, eye yenzeke kwimeko elandela ukungaqiniseki.
Ukuba imeko ibuhlungu, abathengi baseCatalan baqala ukuphazamiseka kwaye kubekho ukuqhutyelwa kwiibhanki kunye nokulawulwa kwemali , eyinokubangela ukuba kubekho ukungabikho kwemibutho yoluntu. Ezi nkxalabo ziyingxenye yesizathu sokuba ivoti kaDisemba 2017 yahlukana kakhulu kunokhetho lwangoNovemba 2014.
Amashishini amaninzi aseCatalan asele athathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwiinkathazo. Iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-2,700 sele zithuthele ikomkhulu labo lenkampani ngaphandle kweCatalonia, ngoNovemba 2017, kwaye utyalo-mali lwezoshishino lumile. Ekupheleni konyaka we-2017, idatha yezoqoqosho ibonise ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi, ukuthengwa kweentengiso kunye nokungatyeleli kancinci kwiphondo langasempuma yeSpain emva kokuvota ukuzimela. Ezi zincinci zingaba nje isiqalo, nangona kunjalo, ngamagosa karhulumente aseSpain abonisa ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kunokuphindwa kabini kummandla ukuba kuphumelele ukuhlukana.
ISpeyin inokuthi ihlupheke njengama-akhawunti aseCatalonia malunga neepesenti ezingama-19 zokuveliswa kwezoqoqosho, okanye ii-euro ezingama-224 zeeyriyoni, nangona iipesenti ezingama-16 zabantu. Ngokuthelekiswa, eli ligalelo elikhulu kuneCalifornia lenza lonke i-United States. Ukungabikho kwengeniso yerhafu kummandla kunokunciphisa umkhiqizo wekhaya waseSpain ngamaphesenti amabini. I-IMF sele isanciphise umbono wayo ngoqoqosho lwe-Spain ngo-2018, inxenye ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-Catalan yokuzimela, ngamaphesenti ayi-0.1 ngelixa ezininzi zaseYurophu zazibonela phambili iziphumo zezoqoqosho.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkampani zaseCatalan ezithunyelwa kwiYurophu YaseYurophu zinokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu ukuba ummandla wawuzahlukana neSpeyin, ekubeni i-EU ibandakanya malunga neepesenti ezingama-65 zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nama-70 ekhulwini lokutyalomali lwangaphandle kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo.
Ubulungu be-EU kunye noKwakha kabusha ilizwe
Ukuba iCatalonia isuka eSpeyin, kuya kufuneka kwakhona ihambe kwiYurophu yaseYurophu , enokubangela iingxaki zolawulo kummandla wezoqoqosho. I-EU ibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ayiyi kwamkela ukuzimela kwe-Catalan kule ngongoma, ngokukodwa inikwe i-anti-EU feelings kumazwe amaninzi amaninzi. Emva koko, into yokugqibela efunwa yi-EU kukukhuthaza amanye amazwe ukuba acinge ngokuhlukana noqoqosho lwengingqi. 'I-Brexit' isele igxininise le nkxalabo kunye nokuphuma kweCatalonia kunokukwenza okufanayo kunye nokwenza ukwahlula ukwahlula uqoqosho lwengingqi.
Emva koko, kukho umba wokwakha kwakhona iRiphabliki yaseCatalan. INGINGQOSHO zezoqoqosho zikholelwa ukuba iindleko zoqoqosho jikelele zokwakha eli lizwe elitsha ligqithise ngokwenene le 'Brexit' yaseUnited Kingdom . Amaninzi amashishini amakhulu kunawo onke asele eCatalonia, anokunciphisa kakhulu ingeniso yengeniso yerhafu kwiyiphi enye indawo yezona ziqhamo zaseSpeyin. Uthathethwano lunokuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu, ukudala iminyaka yokungaqiniseki.
Indlela Yokuhlawulela Iipotfolio Zakho
Ukunyakaza kwe-Catalan ukuzimela kuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu kwizoqoqosho zaseSpeyin kwaye kunokuthatha umonakalo kwi-eurozone ngokubanzi xa ukungaqiniseki kukukhula. Ngexeshana, abatyali-mali bangalindela ukubona ukungaqiniseki kubonakaliswe ngokunciphisa imali yokusebenzisa umthengi kunye nokutyalomali kwezoshishino, ezinokuthatha ixesha elide kwiimali zaseSpain kunye namaqela aseYurophu amaninzi enza ishishini eSpain.
Abatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe banokuzibamba kule miba yengozi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iphothifoliyo yabo ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, abatyali-mali bangathanda ukucinga ngokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eSpeyin kuze kubekho ukungaqiniseki. Abatyalomali abaphambili banokufuna ukucwangcisa ukukhutshwa kwabo ngeemali ezithengiswa ngeSpanish ezithengiselana ngemali (ETFs) okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela zokubeka ukuqhubeka nokugcina ii-ETF ezibanzi ngaphandle kweSpeyin.