Ukutshabalalisa kungumphumo wokungena kwamanzi ngezitena, ikhonkrithi okanye ilitye lemvelo kunye nokuphoqelela umgangatho wokucima, ukuphuma okanye ukuphuma. Kwikhonkrithi, ukuphalaza kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kukho ukungcola kwikhonkrithi. Kwiziseko eziphantsi, ngokukodwa, ukunyamezela kwaye kaninzi ityuwa, kwakhona, iphosa ngaphandle ngaphakathi. Ekugqibeleni, ukuphalaza kungabangela ukudibana nokutshabalaliswa kwesakhiwo.
I-geologist iya kukuxelela ukuba ityuwa inokubangela ukuba idwala liqhube.
A ndi kholelwa? Funda iAnals of World's former by John McPhee.
Ukuguquka kwi-Concrete
Ngokuqhelekileyo ayinqabile ukubonakalisa ukupasa kwikhonkrithi kwizinto ezisetyenziswe yikontraka. Kungenzeka ukuba kubekho ngenxa yenkqubo yokuphilisa okanye indlela eyomelele ngayo. Makhe sithethe malunga nendlela eyenziwe ngayo, kwaye oko kunokucacisa iingcamango ezimbalwa malunga nekhonkrithi.
Okokuqala, ikhonkrithi yenziwe ngokukodwa ngezithako ezintathu:
- Ukwahlukana (okuyinto ilitye okanye amatye)
- Amanzi
- Cement
Abantu bangasebenzisa amagama entente kunye nekhonkrithi ngokungafaniyo, kodwa ixesha elimkelekileyo lemveliso epheleleyo likhonkrithi. Indlela endikhumbula ngayo iyi-alphabetically. I-samente yegama iqulethe i-M njengetekisi yayo yesithathu, ukuze i-samente ifike kuqala, ilandelwe yikhonkrit, kunye neleta yayo yesithathu ngu-N. Uxuba isamente ngamatye namanzi ukuvelisa ikhonkrithi.
I-samente eninzi isekelwe kwi-lime njengase-Portland samente, kodwa kukho ezinye iintlobo zababopheleli. Ukuba ukuphalaza kwenzeka kwindawo yokukhonkxa okanye kwindlela, kuya kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imozulu yatshintsha ngexesha lobunzima okanye enye into eyenzekayo ukukhusela ikhonkrit ekugqibeleni ukuphilisa.
Abakontrakta bangenza impazamo yokongeza amanzi amaninzi, kodwa amaninzi akenzi iimpazamo zokuxuba.
Ukulungisa ukuhlahlela kwikhonkrithi, akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukukhupha umzila. Ngamanye amaxesha uluhlu oluphezulu luyakususwa kunye noqwelo olutsha lugalelwe endaweni yalo.
Ukusasaza kwiZiseko
Amakhaya asebekhulile aneendawo zokuhlala eziphantsi komhlaba abaviwa abanokuthi baqhube kwisithuba esisezantsi.
Kwezinye iimeko, isiseko sinokuba isitena, esinokukhipha ityuwa kwiindawo zetyuwa ephezulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-Sacramento, ummandla wasemntla ubizwa ngokuba yiAlkali Flats. Izindlu kuloo mmandla zakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwe-1800 kunye neye-1900 yokuqala, ezininzi iziseko zezitena. Ininzi yomhlaba iqukethe i-alkaline.
Ngaphezu koko, amanye amaziko obolekayo afuna ukwenza iimali zokuhlala emakhaya asekudala kunye neziseko zetena. Nangona loo makhaya azintena ayimile ngaphezu kwekhulu ngaphandle kweengxaki. Njalo qwalasela umboleki wakho kunye ne-arhente yendawo yokuhlala ukufumanisa ukuba kukho izibambiso ekuchaseni ukuthenga ngemali kwindlu enezitena.
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezenziwe ngezitena kunokubandakanya ukutshintsha izitena okanye ukuthululela udonga lokugcina ikhonkrithi okanye ukulungiswa kwezitena. Kodwa i-tuckpointing itself ayinciphisi ukukhahlela kunye nokuphulwa kweendonga. Ukutshintshwa kwendawo kufaka kuphela indawo yomdaka phakathi kwezitena.
I-Efflorescence ibonakala kwiindawo ezininzi eziphantsi komhlaba . Unokukubona kwiindonga, kwaye ukuba uyayiphula ngentsimbi, iya kufakwa njenge-chaki. Indlela yokulungisa le ngxaki ngokubanzi ukufaka iifransi zesiFrentshi, ngokumba umsele, ukumbamba ngamatye, ukulahla umbhobho wokucoca kunye nokufakela amaphepha amaphepha eplastiki kwiindonga.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abathengisi basekhaya bazama ukugubungela ubungqina bendawo engezantsi ngokupenda iindonga zekhonkrithi kunye ne-sealer egciniweyo yamanzi, esona esinye isizathu esihle sokuba uhlale ufumana uvavanyo lwekhaya lokuqala ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhaya. Umhloli wekhaya unokufumanisa ubungqina bendawo encinci emanzi engabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kumntu ongapheliyo.
Kungenxa yokuba amanzi angase abe khona kwisiseko asikho ngaso sonke isikhathi esithetha ukuba isiseko sitsho. Abanye abanikazi bezindlu bangasifaka kwaye basebenzise iipompu zokunciphisa amanqanaba amanzi kwindawo esezantsi kunye nokupompa ngaphandle kwamanzi ngexesha lomvula. Hlola nomhloli wakho wasekhaya ukuze uthole iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa ipom pompu.
Ngelo xesha lokubhala, u-Elizabeth Weintraub, CalBRE # 00697006, nguMthengisi-Associate eLyon Real Estate eSigramento, eCalifornia.
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Imizekelo: Ngenxa yokuphala, ezinye izitena kwisiseko zafuneka zitshintshwe ngenxa yokuba izitena zangaphambili zaye zagubha.