Indlela Amanzi adlala ngayo iCandelo kwiMveliso yesiGesi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla oMbane: Ngokwe-Union of Concerned Scientists, malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zombane oveliswe eUnited States zivela kwizityalo zomoya, kuquka nelahle, i- nyukliya , igesi yendalo kunye neoli. Ezi ndawo zifuna amanzi okupholisa. Izityalo ezifudumeleyo zibilisa amanzi ukuze zenze i-steam, leyo leyo iqhuba ama-generators ukwenza umbane. Izitshixo zamandla ezifudumele zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlaziya kunye kunye namanzi. Nangona iisetyenzisiweyo ziye zithandwa kakhulu (kwaye zihlala zilandele iipesenti ezingama-43 zamandla ezityalo) ngenxa yobulula babo, into yokuba baphuphuma amanzi abuyele emanzini abeka ingozi engqongileyo. Zimbalwa izityalo zamandla ezenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Hydroelectric Generation : Uveliso lwamanzi lubhekiselele ekudalweni kombane ngokusebenzisa ukuhambisa amanzi ukujika amavili.
Eli fomu lamandla liyahlaziywa. Kukho iimpembelelo ezimbi, nangona kunjalo, ngokubamba ukugcinwa kwamanzi emva kwamadama, onokutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala kunye nokufuna ukufuduswa koluntu. Kukho iziphumo ezinokuthi zitshatyathwa ngombane ophezulu kunye nokudibanisa kwindalo kunye nokukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide kunye negesi ye-metane ephuma kwizinto eziphilayo.
Indawo yendawo yamanzi yamanzi kwiindawo ezimeleyo ezinomdaka ongaphantsi kobunzima kunzima kule nkalo.
Amanzi asetyenziswe kwiCandelo loMbane: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuyinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zokukhutshwa kwamalahle, ioli, i-gesi yendalo kunye ne-uranium. Ngaphambi kokuba amalahle angatshiswa, kufuneka ahlanjwe ngamanzi ukususa isulfure kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ukumbiwa kwemayini yamalahle, kuquka amanzi afunekayo ukupholisa umatshini wokuhlambela kunye nokuhlamba amalahle, udla ama-70-260 yezigidi zamaritha ngosuku. Amanzi nxalenye yintloko yegesi yendalo yerhasi kwi-shale gas deposits kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa inkani . Igesi le-Shale liba ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wegesi yendalo e-US, ekhula ukusuka kwisithathu kwisibonelelo se-2012 ukuya kwisiqingatha se-2040. Ukuchithwa kwe-Hydraulic okanye i-hydrofracking kubandakanya ukuthumela umxube wamanzi kunye neekhemikhali kwi-hole uxinzelelo ophezulu ukuze kukhutshwe igesi yendalo. Inkqubo idinga ixabiso elikhulu lamanzi elinokuxhathisa iimpahla zendawo. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwinkqubo yokukhwabanisa kuye kwaphakamisa iingxaki malunga nomgangatho wamanzi.
Ukucocwa, ukuCubungulwa kunye nokuThutho lwee-Fuel: Izibonelelo ezifana ne-uranium, ioli kunye ne-gesi yendalo yonke kufuneka ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba isebenzise njengamafutha.
Ezi nkqubo zifuna amanani amaninzi amanzi. Emva kokukhishwa kwegesi, umzekelo, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-400 izigidi zamanzi ezongezelelweyo ngosuku zisetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwegesi yendalo kunye nemisebenzi yamapayipi. Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwakhona kuqeshwe ukuthutha ama-slurries yamalahle, umbane ohlambulukileyo womhlaba kunye kunye namanzi, kunye nokuvavanya iinkqubo zamapayipi ezinokuvuza.
Njengoko uManyano weNzululwazi oxhalabileyo uthi, ukhetho lwethekhnoloji lubalulekile xa kuthethwa ukukhetha isisombululo esiphezulu sezityalo kummandla wakho. Ngethuba elifutshane, izibonelelo zamandla zinokunyanzelisa iimeko zendawo zendawo ngokubamba amanzi kunye nokunyusa kwamaqondo okushisa kwamanzi. Emva kwexesha elide, izityalo zamandla zingathonya ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Njengoko baqaphele, "iipotfoliyo zezityalo zamashishini ase-US zineendlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye neenkcukacha zekhabhoni.
Izixhobo ezinamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba zibeka ingcinezelo encinci kwimithombo yamanzi yasendaweni. Izixhobo ezinamandla ezinokwanda kwekhabhoni zenza igalelo lokuxinwa kwamanzi ixesha elide ngokunyusa ukutshintsha kwemozulu. "
Ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuveliswa kwamandla
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwimveliso yamandla. Into ephawulekayo kwezo zicelo kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwimveliso ye-biofuel. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwimveliso ye-biofuel ingaba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokomqikelelo omnye, ama-1,500 engama-gallon zamanzi ayadingeka ukudala i-gallon enye ye-ethanol efunyenwe ngqolowa. Ininzi yamanzi iyadingeka ngexesha lokulima. Icandelo lezolimo zase-US sele lichithe malunga nama-25 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini lokubonelela kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Ngaphandle kwezolimo ezizinikeleyo ukuxhasa ukuveliswa kwe-biofuel, ukusweleka kwamanzi sele kuseyona nkalo kwiindawo ezininzi ezikhulayo.
Amanzi anokunceda ukuzalisa iimfuno zamandla esizayo ngezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana namadamesi e-modular amanzi, okanye amandla amashumi amawaka amabhasi e-US okwangoku angavelisi amandla. Ezinye iindlela eziqhubeka zihlolisiswa ngokubanjwa kwamandla wamanzi ziquka amagagasi olwandle kunye namanxweme. Enye ingcamango yakutshanje ihloliswe yinto enokwenzeka yokuphuma kwamanzi ukwenza amandla. Nangona kuqikeleleke kwendalo, isiphakamiso sichaza ukuba izakhiwo ezijikelezayo emanzini, ngokukodwa kwindawo eyomileyo, zingathatha umphunga wamanzi okhulayo ukudala amandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezikhoyo zamandla e-US Masenze ukhetho olululo malunga nendlela esikhetha ngayo ukuvelisa amandla njengoko siqhubela phambili ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngekamva.