Indlela ukuchithwa kwebhanki kuya kuthintela ngayo umgwebo kuxhomekeke ngokukodwa kuhlobo lothotho okanye uhlobo lwetyala elenza isiseko solu hlobo. Kuxhomekeke nokuba ngaba ufake isafu okanye omnye umntu. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nendlela u-bankruptcy usebenza ngayo kwaye yintoni enokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke kuloo myalelo kwintendelezo ye-bankruptcy.
I-Automatic Stay
Ukuchithwa yinkqubo ngokuyinhloko eyenza ukulandelelana.
Kuye kwenzelwe ukubonelela inqanaba lokudlala kwinqanaba ukwenzela ukuba abanetyala abanamandla abakwazi ukugqithisa abancinci abancinci abancinci. Ukuze ufezekise ezo njongo, ikhowudi ye-bankruptcy ifaka isixhobo esinamandla. Xa ufaka ityala le-bankruptcy, i-injunction ivela kwisenzo kumsebenzi wokuqokelela umthengisi. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-othomathikhi yokuhlala. Esi sigwebo sivimbela abathengi ukuba bathathe isenzo esenza ukuba kuhlawulwe iimeko ezingenakwenzeka okanye ezingenakulungeleka. Ababolekisi kufuneka bayeke ukwenza iifowuni kunye nokuthumela iincwadi zokufuna. Kwakhona kufuneka banqande izenzo zokuqhelanisa kwaye bazame ukuphinda baxhamle. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akwenzeki ngokukhawuleza .
Umboleki-mboleko ofuna ukuqhubeka kunye nokuqokelela isenzo kufuneka acele inkundla ye-bankruptcy ukuphakamisa ngokuzenzekelayo . Kwakunjalo kumntu-mboleko ofuna ukuqala umgwebo ngaphandle kwenkundla yebhanki emva kokuba ityala le-bankruptcy lifakwe.
INkundla inokuyalela ukuba ukuphakanyiswa kuphakanyiswe phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kodwa emva kokuba ijaji elifihlakeleyo liye lafumana ithuba lokuphonononga le meko ukuchonga ukuba le nyathelo ibonisa inxaxheba yomthengi okanye umboleki.
Xa isigwebo sisalindelwe, amaqela angenza okanye angenakufuneka amise isigqibo.
Ezinye izigwebo azenzi lutho ngamatyala. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba nenkundla yangaphandle iqhubeka ityala inokusebenza kakuhle kwaye inokuzuza inxaxheba yinkantolo yebhanki. Nazi ezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetyala kunye nokuba ityala le-bankruptcy liyabathinta njani.
Ukuqokelela amatyala
Akumangalisi ukuba abathengi bangaba nobudlova ekuqokeleleni iimali ezidlulileyo. Esinye isixhobo kwi-arsenal yabo yisigwebo.
Umboleki-mali ofake umgwebo ulindele ukuba inkundla iza kufaka isigwebo , ihlawule nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nokunyaniseka kwakho kunye nemali enetyala. Umthetho unikeza umboleki umgwebo ngamagunya okuqokelela amakhredithi ayenayo. Ngokomzekelo, umbolekisi angasebenzisa eso sigwebo ukuba athathe i-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki okanye ahlaziye umvuzo wakho (kwezinye iindawo.) Isigwebo siya kwenza njengesiqhagamshelo nxamnye nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala.
Ngenxa yokuba esi sikhokelo sibhekiselele ityala, umxholo ofanayo kunye nokulawula njengenkundla yebhanki, ukuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo kuya kumisa ityala lokuqokelela ityala. Omnye wamaqela uya kufaka into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Iingcebiso zeBhanchiseka" kwi-suit suit. Oku kuxelela ijaji kwinqwelo yokuqokelela ukuba ityala le-bankruptcy lilindele.
Ijaji kwisithintelo sokuqokelela iya kuphelisa yonke imisebenzi kwimpahla yokuqokelela, ubuncinci de kube inkundla inqabileyo ifaka inkunkuma , ebonisa inkundla kwingxowa yokuqokelela ukuba ibhola sele inkundla yenkundla yokubhankanya. Inkundla yenkundla iya kuthi ixhomekeke kwimeko apho umboleki efumana inkunkuma kwinkundla ye-bankruptcy.
Izenzo zoLungiso lweeNkundla
Amaqela amaninzi anenkqubo yokwehliswa kwezindlu ezingenakudinga ukuba umbolekisi enze ifowuni, kodwa kwezinye iimeko okanye kwiimeko ezithile, umbolekisi kufuneka athole imvume evela enkundleni ukuba ibambelele kwipropati. Ukufakela ityala le-bankruptcy liya kumisa ukunqanda ukuzinceda. Kuya kunqanda ukuchithwa komgwebo.
Ukwahlukanisa, iMpahla yabantwana, Inkxaso yoMntwana, i-Alimony, kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya
Uninzi lwasemthethweni kumthetho wentsapho aluyi kupheliswa xa kuthe kwafakwa ifowuni.
Uninzi lwabagwebi beenkundla zeentsapho ziya kufaka i-case kuze kube yilapho elinye iqela lifumana umyalelo ovela kwintendelezo ye-bankruptcy (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "intuthuzelo" yolawulo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhambela phambili kwinkundla yentsapho kulungile. Inkundla ye-bankruptcy ayinanto inomdla okanye ayikho inxaxheba kwimicimbi yobudlelwane basekhaya kwaye ayisoze ifune ukuphazamisa ukutshatyalaliswa komtshato okanye ngamalungelo omzali.
Inkqubo yenkundla yentsapho yokuxhaswa kwabantwana okanye i-oda ye-alimony inokuchaphazela ityala le-bankruptcy ngenxa yempembelelo kwizibonelelo zetyala. Inkundla yebhanki iya kubakho ukugcinwa kwamandla kwiindawo zokuhlala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izibonelelo zetyala azinakunyulwa kumntu oyedwa- umlingani okanye umntu oza kutshata naye. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, iinkundla ze-bankruptcy azikhange zikhutshwe kunye neendawo zokuhlala ngaphandle kokuba iphuma ngaphandle.
Umxhasi wexhaswa ngumntwana (ngokuqhelekileyo omnye umzali okanye i-arhente karhulumente) ulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengaye nawuphi na umboleki. Kukho umehluko, nangona kunjalo. Nawaphi na amatyala afunekayo ngokuxhasa abantwana akuyi kukhishwa kwimeko yebhanki. Ukuba ufaka ifowuni yesicwangciso sokuhlawula isahluko 13 , uya kufuneka uhlawule inkxaso yakho yangaphambili ekupheleni kwenkqubo yesithathu ukuya kwintlanu. Kwimeko yeSahluko 7 , ityala liya kuphila kwi-bankruptcy. Umboleki-mboleko angavuselela imisebenzi yokuqokelela emva kokuba inkundla yebhanki ifikelele.
Kuyafana into enkundleni-inikwe i-alimony kunye neentlawulo zokulondoloza umtshato. Iyakwazi ukubamba inyaniso kwiimvumelwano ezininzi zokuhlaliswa kwepropati. Kufuneka uqhagamshelane nommeli oqeshwe ngokusemthethweni ukuxubusha isiphumo se-bankruptcy kwimeko naziphi na izivumelwano zokuhlaliswa kwepropati.
Imigaqo yokuQinisekisa kunye neNgenance Actions
Ngamanye amaxesha, urhulumente wengingqi uzakufumana kuyimfuneko ukufakela isigwebo ukunyanzelisa iikhowudi zokwakha okanye ukwakhiwa okanye ukukrazula iingxaki ezinjengezindlu ezilahliwe, iindwendwe ezininzi kunye neenja eziyingozi. Inkundla yebhanki iya kubakho ukuvumela ukuba le nyathelo ibambelele iikhowudi okanye iphelise iimbandezelo. Ezi zinto zibandakanya onke amandla karhulumente karhulumente, kwaye zikhona ukugcina impilo kunye nenhlalakahle yabemi. Inkundla inokumisela iintlawulo, kodwa ngaphandle koko, ezi zenzo zincinane okanye azibandakani ngokuqokelela ityala, nangona zingakhokelela kwityala elitsha ngokuya kumasipala kwindleko zenkundla, ukulungiswa, ukucocwa, kunye nokunye.
Ukukhutshwa
Imithetho ekhethekileyo iya kusebenza xa isigwebo sifuna ukukhishwa kwakho. Kwiinkoliso ezininzi, inkundla yokukhutshwa iya kukhupha incwadi yokufumana umninikhaya. Oku kufana nesigwebo, kwaye unikeza umnini-mhlaba amalungelo athile, njengelungelo lokususa impahla yakho kwindawo kwaye utshintshe ukukhiya. Ukuba inkundla ingakhange ikhuphe i-copyright yemali yokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo iya kumisa ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuba umnini-mhlaba aqinisekise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kubandakanyeka okanye ipropati iyingozi. Ukuba inkundla ikhuphe le ncwadi ngaphambi kokuba ufake ifowuni yakho, i-bankruptcy ayiyi kukukhusela ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente wakho enemithetho evumela ukuba ufumane iintlawulo zakho.
Amacala oLwaphulo-mthetho
Njengoko ukuthotyelwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezimo ezikhathazayo, amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho anxalenye yamapolisa karhulumente karhulumente. Inkundla yebhanki kunye nokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo akuyi kuphazamisa nayiphi na inkundla yamacala okubulala, ukuphanga, okanye okufana.
Umbango umncinci omncinci xa sithetha ngamacala afaka imali okanye impahla, njengesihlolwe kakubi kunye neentlawulo. Ngokubanzi, sinokuhlukanisa ngale ndlela: Ukuba injongo yomgwebo kukubuyisela urhulumente ngokulahlekelwa kwemali, ityala liphantsi kokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo. Umzekelo omhle wolu hlobo lwentyala ngenye yeendlela ezihamba phambili. Kwimeko enjalo, urhulumente akancinci ngaphezu komthengi ozama ukuqokelela amatyala. Ukuba le nto ifuna ukukuhlasela ngenxa yokuba uyaphule umthetho, loo nto ayikho phantsi kokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ingaqhubeka phambili. Umzekelo omhle yimeko ekutshutshisa ngayo ngokubhalwa kakubi. Nangona unokwenza uhlolisiso olufanelekileyo njengengxenye yesigwebo sakho, injongo ephambili yesenzo kukutshutshisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Kwalapha, umba unokufumana ukudideka xa i-ofisi yomtshutshisi worhulumente ehlawuliswe ngumsebenzi wokuqokelela ngokuhlola okubi. Ezinye iiofisi zinabasebenzi abangenzi nto kodwa babe ngabaqokeleli egameni labantu kunye neenkampani ezithatha isheke elibi. Umtshutshisi akanenjongo yokuthatha inkundla kumntu obhala isheke yangemuva. Nangona oku kucacile umsebenzi wokuqokelela amatyala, inkundla ezininzi zebhanki aziyi kukunyanzelisa ukuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo.
Izenzo zoLawulo
Amaziko amaninzi aseburhulumenteni aneenkqubo ezithile zokuphonononga izigqibo ezichaphazela abantu. Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukukhuselwa kweentlalo kunye neenkundla zokufuduka. Kodwa azizona kuphela iinkundla zolawulo. Ziyakwazi ukufumaneka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwe-US Postal Service, ulawulo lwezilwanyana, kunye neBhodi yoBudlelwane beZebasebenzi kaZwelonke, nokuba ngaba izenzo kule nkundla zolawulo ziya kugcinwa ngokufakela i-bankruptcy kufuneka zichongwe kwimeko yimeko siseko. Ezinye izenzo zithengwa ngemali, kanti ezinye zibandakanya amandla karhulumente karhulumente.
Xa uMthengi efuna ukuzisa uTyala malunga nomnye umntu
Kule ngongoma, siye sathetha ngamacala afakwe kumntu ofakela i-bankruptcy. Ngaba i-othomathiki iyaqhubeka isebenza xa umboleki efaka ityala kumnye umntu?
Ukuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo kuklanyelwe ukukhusela umboleki kunye nepropati yomboleki (oko sikubiza ngokuba yipropati yentengiso yebhanki.) Ngona nxalenye enkulu, umntu onetyala unokuletha inxaxheba kwenye inkundla kumntu wesithathu ngaphandle kokucela inkundla imvume yokuphakamisa ukuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa, oko akunakunceda umboleki ngexesha elide. Ngaphandle kokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo akunakwenzeka kwizenzo zetyala, abagwebi kaninzi banelungelo lokuzisa izixhobo zokubala okanye ukukhusela iimali ezikhuselekileyo ezinokuthi zigijime i-afoul yokuhlala ngokuzenzekelayo. Akukho mjaji oza kuhlala okanye aphelise amalungelo ommangalelwa ngelixa ivumela umboleki / ummangali ukuba aqhube phambili engagqalwa. Ngoko ke, abanetyala baya kufaka iifayili zabo kwi-courtruptcy court apho bangajongelwa khona kwaye bagqitywe yijaji elifihlakeleyo, ngakumbi ukuba bazama ukuqokelela amatyala ukuze bazuze i-property bankruptcy.