Kukho iingozi ngakumbi kwizoqoqosho zethu ngoku ngoku sibona kubomi bethu
Ubunzima nobubanzi beengozi zengcinezelo kwezoqoqosho aluzange lube lukhulu kakhulu kuqoqosho lwethu. Oku kuyinyaniso nangona uqhathanisa imeko yethu yangoku kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu kwixesha lethu elidlulileyo, njenge-Great Depression, ukuphuma kwebhola yeDot Com kunye ne-mortgage meltdown ka-2007/2008.
Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemizila yangaphambili yobunzima kunye nemeko esiyifumanayo ngoku.
Emuva kulezo zihlandlo ezimnyama kwezoqoqosho, umthengi ngamnye waseMelika wayenamatyala angaphantsi, urhulumente wesigqeba unendawo ephezulu kakhulu yezemali, kwaye i-Federal Reserve yayinamandla okuphucula uqoqosho ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo afana nokunciphisa ukulingana nokunciphisa umgangatho wenzala.
Okwangokunje, urhulumente waseMerika uthathelwe ngokubhekiselele kwiimpendulo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngengozi emnothweni okanye kwezoqoqosho. Kukho okuncinci abakwenzayo okungazange kwenziwe uvavanyo (kwaye bahlulekile).
Sifumana kwiimeko apho sisesichengeni ngakumbi kwaye sichaze. Emva kokuba izigqeba zolawulo ezifana ne-Federal Reserve zikhuphe izibhamu, kuba yinto yokuqiqa malunga nendlela abangayenza ngayo ukujongana neziganeko zengozi ezayo, kwaye nokuba ngaba loo nto ayiyi kuphumelela.
Kungekudala, kukho ukuguqulwa ngokubanzi kwegxininiso kunye neenkolelo zabantu abaninzi kwiindawo ezininzi emhlabeni wonke.
Le nyaniso ibonakaliswe kwimicimbi yamva nje esandula ngayo yonke into engqina kuyo: 'i-Brexit;' ukhetho loMongameli wethu omtsha; ukunyuka kwamaqela ezombusazwe aphezulu nakwiiYurophu nakwihlabathi jikelele; iirhafu kunye neemfazwe zorhwebo.
Ngoku kule myalelo omtsha wehlabathi, sibheke phambili kwiimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko ophezulu, ukuba kungabi yinto enobungozi kubutyebi bethu kunye noqoqosho lwezinye iintlanga emhlabeni jikelele.
Ezinye zeemithombo zomhlaba ezifunekayo ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka ahlale ejonge ukubandakanya, kodwa akaqhelwanga:
"I-Q Ratio"
Ukubeka nje, i-Q Ratio ithatha ixabiso layo yonke impahla yeenkampani kwimarike yemasheya, ithelekisa ukuba kwiindleko zokutshintsha zonke ezo zinto. Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-Q Ratio ayifanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-1.0, kwaye nawaphi na amanqanaba anjalo aya kubakho.
Ngezihlandlo ezithandathu apho umlinganiselo wesigxina uthinta i-1.0 okanye ngaphezulu, kwalandelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokulungiswa kwemarike enkulu. Ixabiso lokugqithisa liyancipha inani leemasheya kwimarike, de kube i-Q Ratio iyancipha ifana ne-0.3.
Ngamanye amagama, i-Q Ratio ngaphezulu kwe-1.0 iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iphendula ngokubuyela kwindawo engabonakaliyo ye-0.3 okanye njalo. Oku akuyi kuba yinkxalabo okanye inkxalabo nayiphi na into, ngaphandle kwelokuba umlinganiselo we-Q njengamanje u-1.01.
Velocity yeMali
Ukukhawuleza kwemali kuya kukubonisa ukuba kaninzi kangakanani idola elilodwa elichithwe ngoqoqosho ngonyaka. Ukuba umnikazi weevenkile uhlawula umniki-mali, kwaye loo mntu usebenzise i-dollar ukuthenga ukutya, kwaye umnini wevenkile usebenzisa i-dollar ukuya kwindawo yokutyela, eya kuba yintengo ye-3.
Naliphi na ixesha apho ukunyuka kwemali kuwela ngokukhawuleza, kubonisa ukuba sinokungena kwemali.
Ukukhawuleza kwemali kufinyelele kwinani le-10.67 ngo-2007. Ukususela ngelo xesha, liye lahlala lingama-5.7, i-lowest weyibonile ukususela ekuhlaleni kwemali kwaqala ngowe-1974. Oku kungachaza ukuba i-market market crash isendleleni.
Umgaqo-nkqubo weDola weNkunkuma
Ngowokuqala kwiminyaka emininzi, uMongameli ubonise i-bias kwi-dollar ebuthathaka. Uhlanga olunemali enamandla lufumene nzima ukuthengisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ngezilwandle, ngelixa abo abaneemali ezibuthakathaka bahlala bebona ukunyuka kwe-balance balance yezohwebo.
Ingxaki akuyona ipolisi ye-dollar ebuthathaka. Enyanisweni, yenza inkcazelo engqiqo, kwaye inokuba luncedo kumanye amazwe kunye nabantu ngabanye.
Umbango kukuba isaziso safika ngokukhawuleza. Naliphi na ixesha ukutshintsha komgaqo-nkqubo kubonakaliswe ukuba kwenzeke ngexesha elikhawuleza okanye elifutshane kakhulu, kuya kuba soloko kukhula ubuhlungu besizwe esibandakanyekayo.
Iinkampani ezenza iimveliso eMelika ziza kuxhamla kumgaqo-nkqubo we-dollar obuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bathenga iimpahla kunye nezixhobo ezisuka phesheya kwezilwandle, kunye neenkampani zase-US ziza kubona iindleko zabo ziphakama ngexesha elinye.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuxelela ngokucacileyo ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo we-dollar ozobuthathaka usebenza njani kwimibutho apha eMelika. Singazi ukuba kuya kunceda abanye, ngelixa bebuhlungu abanye, kwaye baninzi esinokuyithemba kukuba umphumo wenetha unelungelo elihle okanye libi.
Ukwenza imali
UNdunankulu uMshintsha eNdiya uye waqalisa iqela lokuphuhlisa i-demonetization. URhulumente ukhansele ezinye iindleko zebhanki, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso - ama-banknotes ama-rupee angama-500 no-1,000 ngokukhawuleza kwaye alahlekelwa ngokusemthethweni imeko yabo njengemali eyaziwayo.
Amanqaku amasha ama-Rs 500 kunye neeRs 2,000 ze-rupee zaziswa, ezazinikezwa kubanikazi beebhilidi zokwenyuswa kwemali njengentengo yokutshintshiselwa / ibhanki. Abantu ngabanye banokurhweba kwiimpawu zabo zokwenziwa komsebenzi ngokutsha, kodwa kuphela kwimilinganiselo ephantsi yokuthengiselana, ngokuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yemihla ngemihla.
Ingcamango yayikukuba oku kuya kuba yingozi kakhulu kubaphangi kunye nabantu ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni, kwaye ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokwenza imali yokwenza imali ingaphumelela. Kakade, kukho umphumo ongenakulindeleka woqoqosho lwama-Indian oluye lwaye lwaya kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu lomkhiqizo kwiminyaka yamuva.
Kwakhona, kukho imigca emininzi kwiibhanki kunye nokudideka kwabantu kunye nokuxhamla. Uqoqosho olusekelwe kakhulu kwilizwe-mali luza kuthatha ixesha lize lilungele utshintsho olumangalisa.
Eli akusihlandlo lokuqala ukuba iNdiya idibanise iziqephu zemali yazo. Izwe lithatha izenzo ezinje ngo-1954, kwaye ngo-1978.
Nangona isenzo sokwenza imali ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuba yingxaki enkulu kubantu abaninzi baseIndiya, ngokulinganisela kufuneka kube yinto entle yokulwa nabenzi bokuziphatha nabenzi-mthetho, abagcina ubuninzi bezobutyebi babo njengemali. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwabadlali abalungileyo baqhubeka bengaphantsi kwama-6 ekhulwini lobutyebi babo ngemali, ngokubhekiselele kwi-Central Board yabaLawuli Imirhumo, abachaza ukuba le nkqubo ayiyi kulimaza imisebenzi engekho mthethweni njengoko kuya kuba yingozi kumhlali waseNdiya ophakathi. .
Ngelixa liva ngathi lizwe elide, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akuyiyo ingxaki yethu ekuqalekeni, ingaba ngumba othile ukuba uqoqosho lwaseIndiya luye lucotha ngenxa yoko. Ngexesha apho ihlabathi lifuna ukukhula kuzo zonke ezoqoqosho, luba yingxaki kwaye lunokubangela ukwanda kweemeko xa izinga lokukhula kwelizwe lihla. Ngokutsho kwe-CNBC, i-Indiya iya kubona ukukhula kwayo kuncinci ukususela ngo-2011, kwisithunzi somsebenzi wokwenza imali.
IMfazwe yoRhwebo
Akukho mntu uphumelele kwimfazwe. Ngokufanayo, akakho nabani abaphumeleleyo imfazwe yokurhweba.
Ukukwazi ukulwa nemfazwe phakathi kwe-United States kunye nezinye iintlanga emhlabeni jikelele kuye kwanda kakhulu kunoko ukhetho lomongameli omtsha waseMelika. Sekukho ukuxoxwa kweentlawulo kwiimpahla ezenziwe kumazwe afana neKhanada, iMexico, iChina kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Uluhlu lukhula ngelilanga. Njalo uluhlu lwamanyathelo amanyathelo afana nawo aseTshayina asele abonise ukuba aya kuthatha impendulo.
Njengemfazwe yelizwe lezemfazwe yaqala iminyaka embalwa emva koko, ngoku singena kwixesha leemfazwe zorhwebo. Ezi ngxabano zezoqoqosho ezisele ziqalile, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kukhula ngokunyuka okukhulu.
Iimali zenzalo ezibi
Into engakaze yenzeke kwezoqoqosho lwethu lwehlabathi ngaphambili, ihamba ngokukhawuleza ibe yindawo eqhelekileyo. Kukho amaxabiso enzala angenamdla eSwitzerland, i-Euro Zone, eSweden, eJapan naseDenmark.
Ngokwenene, uhlawula ibhanki ilungelo lokugcina imali yakho nabo. Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lomdla ongathandekiyo , xa ububele bakho bukhula, uya kufumana uninzi, ngaphandle nje kwenxalenye yemali oyifake kuyo kuqala.
Unokuthenga ibhondi eyi-$ 1,000 ekhula iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye xa i-asethi ifinyelela ekuvuthweni, ubuyisela i-$ 950 kuphela.
Ekuqaleni, inkxalabo enkulu kwizinga lokunqongophala lokungabi nzala kukuba kwakuya kubakho ukugijima kwiibhanki. Ekubeni oku akuzange kwenzeke, iintlanga ezininzi ziye zazimisela ukulandela indlela efanayo.
Ukongezelela, banokunyusa amaxabiso abo okwangoku enommandla ongathinteliyo, njengoko kubona kufanelekile. Nangona sele sele ihlasele imithwalo yemingcipheko embi ingakwazi ukufumana ingxaki.
Ingxenye ye "logic" kukuba ukuba abahlanguli bayazi ukuba imali yabo ebhankini iyancipha, baya kuba baninzi ukuba bathathe imali leyo baze bahambe bayichitha kwizinto. Oku kuya kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe uqoqosho.
Ngokwenene yinyaniso eyaziwayo (kodwa ngokucacileyo ayifumananga ngokufanayo phakathi kwabenzi-zigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho), ukuba iirhafu ezingenanzuzo zibuyela emva. Isenzo sibahlalutya abathengi malunga noqoqosho, abaye banamathuba okubamba imali yabo ixesha elide, kwaye bachithe ukuthenga okubalulekileyo.
Amabhanki angenayo
Uninzi lweebhanki, ngakumbi kwi-European Union, lusebunzima kakhulu kuninzi lwabantu. I-Deutsche Bank, umzekelo, inemali engaphezulu kwii-derivatives kune- GDP yonke yesizwe saseJamani. Iibhanki zaseNtaliyane zibi kakhulu, kwaye kukho ukukhathazeka okufanayo namaziko aseSpain, ePortugal naseGrisi, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuba nayiphi na le mabhanki aphumelelanga, okanye ayanyanzelekile ukuba angagqibekanga kwizinto ayenayo, unokuthi angasusa umbane phakathi kwamanye amabhanki axhunyiwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobundlobongela obunokuthi buza kuba namava. Ukuba iBhanki A ayikwazi ukuhlawula ibhanki B, ngoko iBhanki B ayiyi kuhlawula iBhanki C, njalo njalo.
Njengoko iimeko zezemali ezininzi zeebhanki zihla kakhulu, zineenketho ezimbalwa kunye nezenzo abangazithathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhumiweyo. Naliphi na umcimbi wekhredithi omnye onokubangela ukuba "umlilo wotshani" weziganeko ezifanayo zemali-mboleko, ezinokuthi zingaphumelele kwaye zibe nefuthe kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho jikelele.
Ukugxininisa i-European Union
"I- Brexit " (iUnited Kingdom eyashiya i-EU) yayiyintlupheko yokuqala kwiYurophu YaseYurophu, kodwa kuya kuba yinto ezayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-"Grexit" (i-Greek exit e-EU) ikhula ngokuthe xaxa ngeveki, kwaye kukho iimeko ezinokuthi zibe ezinye iintlanga ezisuka kwiYurophu yaseYurophu, njenge-Italy, iSpain nePortugal.
Zonke ezi ntlanga zihlala zivulekile ngakumbi ukuba zihambe kwiYurophu emva, zibuye zibuyele kwimali yazo yasekuqaleni. Kwakhona, la mazwe asesimweni esinobuthakathaka kakhulu kwezezimali, kwaye uhlala nje ngokuphila kwezoqoqosho ngokufumana iimali-mboleko ezinkulu, kwaye emva koko abe nemali eninzi.
Kwenziwe ntoni?
Amathuba aya kuphuma kwezi meko njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba phantsi kwezemidlalo kuyadlala. Kwaye ukuba oko kwenzeka, ukuzithemba kwiimali kungabetha kunye nokutshintshe kwizinto ezinqabileyo ezifana negolide . Oku kungenza iimveliso zibe zizityalo-mali ezithandekayo zokugcina ubutyebi nokukhusela ubuncwane ekuchasweni kwehlabathi kwizoqoqosho. Okwangoku, ukuba ufuna ukuphaphama, kungenokuba kuhle ukunciphisa ukungena kwiimpahla ezinobungozi-kubandakanywa nemveliso yezinto zokunethezeka, ukuthengisa, ukutya kunye nabathengi bokuqonda.