Ukufunda ngezezimali kuthetha ukuba singenza ngcono. Kodwa sifuna ukwazi ntoni?
Eli bali alalikude elikhawuleza ukukhawuleza ngokumalunga nokuxhaswa kwezemali.
"Ama-94% aseMelika ahlulekile le mibuzo yokubhala nokubhala ngemali," wabhala uNCBC.com phakathi noSeptemba malunga nokuxilongwa kwi-Financial Engines. "Ababini-Abathathu BaseMelika abanako ukuPhepha uVavanyo lwezeMali oluPhambili lwezeMali. Ngaba Unako? "Wabuza umxholo we-Juni ukusuka kwi-Fox News, malunga neziphumo zakutshanje kwi-FINRA Foundation ye-Financial Literacy Survey.
Ezi zihloko zazikhungathekile ukufunda, kuba ndivakalelwa kukuba ezinye zale mibuzo ayilinganisi ukukwazi ukuphatha imali; Kunoko, bayasikhathaza ngokukwazi kwethu ukuchaza imigaqo nokulungisa iingxaki zezibalo. Kwaye ndandicinga ukuba-njengotitshala ophakamileyo wesikolo ohlawuliswa ngabafundi bokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwesimo esithile-le ndlela iqhuba umngcipheko wokukhokelela ukuba sichithe ixesha lethu elincinci kunye nezibonelelo kwizinto ezingalunganga. Ngoko ke, ndabiza iingcali zezemali zokufunda nokubhala, kuquka abo bahlawulwe ezinye zeemibuzo, ukuba bafumane. Nantsi into endiyifunayo.
I-Gap Phakathi kokukwazi nokwenza iinjongo
Okokuqala, le milinganiselo yokufunda ngezezimali ayifanelekanga ukulinganisa ukuba ngaba wenza izinto ezifanelekileyo ngemali yakho.
Oku kungena phantsi kwesihloko semali, kuchaza uDkt. Gary Mottola, uMlawuli woPhando we-Investor Education kwi-FINRA. "Ukubhala nokubhala nokubhala kubhekise ngakumbi kolwazi. Ukwazi ukuhlanganisa ukugcina, ukulawula ityala nolwazi lwezemali. "(I-FYI: Ukunyamekela ngemali, apho imibutho efana neCFPB ilandelela, ininzi ngakumbi, i-accounting for measures and health measures.
Ngokomlando, i-Mottola ithi, imibuzo emithathu yokufunda nokubhala ngemali ye-FINRA ibuza (eyayiqala ngo-2004, kunye nezimpendulo ezikupheleni kweli bali) zichazwe ukujonga imimandla ephambili yokubhala nokubhala:
- Ukukwazi ukuqonda nokubala amaxabiso omdla. ( Mhlawumbi uneminyaka eyi-100 kwi-bhanki efumana iipesenti ezi-2 ngonyaka, emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ungakanani na? A) Ngaphezu kwe-$ 102, B) Ngaphantsi kwama-102,
- Ukukwazi ukuqonda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. ( Cinga ukuba inzala yenzalo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza i-1 ekhulwini ngonyaka kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ku-2 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Emva kweminyaka engama-1 ingaba imali ebhange ingazithenga ngaphezu kwanamhlanje, ngokufanayo okanye ngaphantsi kunokuba yenzayo namhlanje? ) Ngaphezulu B) Efanayo C) Ephantsi D) Awazi )
- Kwaye ukwazi ukuqonda ingozi. (Ukuthengwa kwesitokethi esisodwa kubonelela ngokubuya ngokukhuselekileyo kunokwesikhwama sokwabelana nge-stock. A) Eyona nyaniso B) Amanga C) Awazi)
Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo yongezwa kamva, kwaye ixhala ukuba kwenzekani kwixabiso lamanyanisiweyo ukuba ixabiso lentengo liphakama; ingaba uhlawula inzala engaphantsi okanye engaphantsi komntu oneminyaka engama-15 ubudala kwi-mortgage iminyaka engama-30; kwaye zingaphi iminyaka eza kuthatha i-$ 1,000 ebolekwe ngama-20 ekhulwini ukuba inzuzo iphindwe kabini xa ungenzi ntlawulo. (Unokuthatha i-quiz epheleleyo apha, okanye nqweqa ukuphela kwinqaku ukuba ubone ukuba unayo iimpendulo kule mibuzo ngokufanelekileyo.)
Xa kuziwa kumngcipheko phakathi kokwazi nokwenza, uMotolola uthi: "Andiyi kucinga ukuba ungatsho enye ibaluleke ngakumbi kunomnye." Nengcali yezobuchwephesha bezoLwazi uDkt. Lewis Mandell ithi akukho nto enokuyilinganisa ngayo, amanani ayenyuki. Njengokuba ukubeka ixesha kwiintsingiselo zakhe, i-CFPB ikhuphe izicwangciso zayo zokuqala zempilo ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba: Iingaphezu kwama-43 ekhulwini labantu abadala baseMerika banzima ukufikelela kwiziphumo.
Ukufunda ngezezimali kungenako ukuxelela ibali elipheleleyo, kodwa amanyathelo atholakalayo akwazi ukukhuthaza.
Imida yeeKlasi eziPhakamileyo kunye neeKholeji
Ingxenye yale ngxaki kukuba akukho xesha elaneleyo kwimihla yesikolo ukulungiselela ezi zifundo ngokupheleleyo. Cinga ngendlela izihloko ezifana nomhlaba wesayensi kunye nembali yaseMelika ezigqitywa esikolweni.
Ubafumana kwizinga eliphambili kwibakala lesikolo; kwakhona, ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisikolo esiphakathi; kwaye kwakhona, ngokubanzi, esikolweni esiphakeme.
"Le ndlela [ayifumanekanga] ngeendlela ezikhokelayo zokufunda nokubhala," kusho uMitchell Roschelle we-PWC Foundation, osebenza ekwakheni ubuchule bemali kunye neeteknoloji phakathi kwabafundi. Ngokubhekiselele kwiBhunga leNgxelo yezeMpilo, "i-2016 National State of Financial & Education Education", i-17 kuphela ifuna ukuba abafundi bathathe ikhosi ephakamileyo yezemali, kwaye nje 20 bafuna ikhosi ephakamileyo yezoqoqosho.
Enye into yinkathazo yesikhathi . "Nangona unokunyanzelisa abantu abaselula ukuba bahlale kwiklasi yezemali, abanalo umdla omkhulu xa bebancinci," kusho uMandell. Umthetho wase-US [ngendlela yoMthetho we-CARD] uye wathatha ikhadi lekhredithi ngaphandle kwe-equation kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-21. Ngoko-ke imibuzo ayifuni. "
Cinga ngeSisombululo se-Just-in-Time
Ukulungiswa kwexesha (kwaye, enyanisweni, ixesha) lemfundo yezemali yodwa ingaba yinxalenye yesisombululo sokwenza izifundo zihambelane. Enye into esiyifundayo kukuba izifundo ziyacinywa xa zihanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwintengiso, ngoko kuthetha.
Ngaphambi kokujoyina iYunivesithi yakwaGeorge Washington, apho waqala khona isikolo se-Global Financial Literacy Centre, u-Annamaria Lusardi wayengunjingalwazi e-Dartmouth College. Ngoxa wayesekho, wabizwa ukuba ancede ukuxazulula ingxaki: Abasebenzi abangengabasebenzi abazange bancedise kwiakhawunti yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi eyongezelelweyo yesikolo. Yintoni abanokuyenza ukuze bafumane inzuzo kweli lungelo?
Njengoko izifundo zivame ukwenza, uLusardi kunye noogxa bakhe baqalisa uphando. Baye bathetha naba baqeshwa, ininzi yabo yayingabesifazane, malunga nokuba kutheni bengabandakanyekanga. Oko bakuvayo kukuba abasebenzi "bebengayazi ukuba baqale kuphi," "kwakukho amanyathelo athathathekayo," kwaye "babegxininise ekunyamekelweni kweentsapho zabo." Ngamanye amazwi, ingxaki yayingakumbi malunga nenkqubo kunokuba yayikufumana imali yokugcina. Ngoko ke, abaphandi bahlanganisa i-pager eyodwa ekuchazeni oko kwakufuneka kwenziwe, kuquka ukuba kufuneka uhlale phantsi phambi kwekhompyutheni, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elincinane ukukhupha i-dishwasher. Baphinde bavelise amavidiyo amfutshane abathathi-nxaxheba bathetha ngoku malunga nokuba babekho njani kwinkqubo eyenza bazive, nto leyo eyenza bayenze into enhle kwiintsapho zabo. Emva koko, baqala ukuhambisa iividiyo kunye nemiyalelo ekuqhelweni kwabasebenzi abatsha. Imali yemali kwinkqubo iphindwe kabini ngenyanga. ULusdidi akaziqhayisi ngokukhawuleza kweziphumo, ekuqapheliseni ukuba aqala kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu.
Sekunjalo, akuyena umzekelo kuphela. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, phambi koMthetho weKharityhulam, u-Wells Fargo wenza uvavanyo kwiikholeji. Abafundi abafake izicelo zamakhadi-mboleko banikezwa i-giveaway encinci ngokutshintshela ukuthatha isifundo se-online imizuzu engama-15 ngendlela engcono yokusebenzisa amakhadi abo amatsha. Emva koko ukuziphatha kwabafundi kwalandelwa. Abaye bathatha isifundo babekho amathuba okuhlawula iibhokhwe zabo ngokugcwele, kwaye bancinci ukuba babe neentlawulo ezidlulileyo okanye bahambe kwimida yabo.
Kuyaqondakala kuRosschelle. Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ilayisenisi yokuqhuba, kufuneka udlulise uvavanyo olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo lwendlela, "utsho. Kodwa uLusardi uqaphele ukubonisa ukuba kukho amaxesha- xa uthengela indlu , umzekelo, xa imfundo ingafika nje njengoko ufaka isicelo sokubambisa imali-ukuba ingaba sekwephuzile. "Ngaloo xesha, baye bathandana nendlu abangenayo imali kwaye sele sele banqume ukuba yintoni umbala wokupenda iindonga," utsho.
Gxi ninisa kwiZakhono zoBomi kunokuBhala
Mhlawumbi sifuna ukudibanisa kokubili. Kodwa nokuba sibheke phambili, okanye sikhe ngasekona, yintoni kanye esifanele sibeke amandla ethu ekufundiseni? Ndayiphendula loo mbuzo kumthombo wam ngamnye kweli bali. Nazi iziphakamiso ezintandathu ezihlangeneyo zazo:
1. Abafuna kunye neemfuno: Yazi umehluko kwaye uzama ukulawula imali yakho ngokubhekiselele kuyo.
2. Imali etyalomali ikhula ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha ... kwaye ke imali ingakholeka. Ngamanye amagama, amandla okuhlanganiswa angasebenza kwindawo yakho, kunye nalo. (Nge-codicil ukuba ukuba kukhadi lesikweletu, kwaye uya kuhlawula inyanga nganye, awuyi kuba nomdla kuzo zonke.).
3. Ukuqonda umdla wakho. Benza njani inzuzo, kwaye bafuna ntoni kuwe kwiingxoxo? Uya kwenza ngcono ngenxa yoko.
4. Funda indlela yokuphanda nayiphi na into yokuthenga. Ingaba kukho utsalo-mali (kunye neentlawulo ezichaseneyo), imoto, okanye ikhefu, uyazi indlela yokuhamba kwi-intanethi uze ufumane ukuba uyisebenzisa kakuhle imali yakho. Imali engayichithwanga yimali igcinwe.
5. Ubume bengozi . (Kwaye iyakwazi ukulawulwa ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo.)
6. Thambisa kwimpilo yakho yemali. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uchithe ixesha elithile unakekele impilo yakho yezemali njengoko uchitha ixesha elijongayo impilo yakho yempilo. Ukuba awukho, njengoko uLusardi ebeka, izinto ezintle aziyi kwenzeka kuwe.
Iimpendulo kwiimbuzo ze-FINRA zangaphambili: A, C, B