Oko kufuneka ukwazi ukutyalomali okuvelisa kwiimarike zebhere
Nantsi into omele uyenayo malunga nokutshala kwezimali eziphathekayo kwi-market yeebhere.
Iimpahla ezingcono kunye neMacandelo okuPhakamisa iNzala
Xa amaxabiso enzala aphakama, uqoqosho luya kufutshane nantoni (i-Federal Reserve iphakamisa amaxabiso xa uqoqosho lubonakala lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuyinkxalabo). Abo bajolise ukuhamba ngexesha lemarike kunye namacandelo baya kuba neenjongo zokubakhombisa ukubuyisela okuhle kwixesha elijongene nokulungiselela ukukhusela ekunciphiseni okunzima xa i-marhwebo ihla (kwakhona, cinga ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2008).
Abathengisi kunye nabatyalomali, ngoko ke banokuqwalasela amacandelo athambekele ekwenzeni okusemgangathweni (ukuwa kwixabiso elincinci) xa iimarike kunye noqoqosho luya phezulu:
- Abathengi beeNtengiso zeCandelo lezoThutho zeMali : ezibizwa nangokuthi "abazingezingcingo," abantu basesidinga ukuthenga ukutya kwabo kwaye bathenge iimveliso, ezibizwa ngokuba zizibambiso zabathengi, ukuhlala kwansuku zonke xa uhlaselo luqala ukuhlaselwa.
- Iimali zeNkxaso yezeMpilo : Njengesiqhekeza, abathengi basadingeka bathenge iyeza zabo baze baye kugqirha kumaxesha amahle kwaye ababi. Yingakho icandelo lezezempilo lingaze lithinteke kunzima kwiimarike zeebhere kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho njengemilinganiselo emarike ebanzi.
- Iimali zeGolide kunye ne-ETF : Xa abathengisi kunye nabatyalomali balindele ukuphungulwa kwezoqoqosho, bathambekele ekuhambiseni imali, njengemali yegolide kunye ne-ETFs, ezityala kwiintlobo zangempela zeempahla ezibona ukuba zithembeke ngakumbi kunezobambiso zotyalo-mali, iimali kunye nemali.
Iibhondi zeBond ezigqwesileyo zokuKhuthaza iRhafu yeMali
Ixabiso leBond lihambelana nolunye uhlangothi njengamazinga enzala. Nazi ezinye iintlobo zezintambo ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wezinga lomdla kwiimeko zokuthengiswa kweebhere:
- Iibhondi zexesha elifutshane: Ukunyuka kwamazinga enzala kwenza amaxabiso amabhonksi ahla kodwa ekude ukukhula, amanani athile aya kuwa. Ngoko ke into ephikisanayo iyinyani: izibhonkco zeemali ezifutshane ziza kwenza ngcono kunezo zinexesha elide lokukhula kwenzalo ngenxa yexabiso lawo. Nangona kunjalo, gcinani engqondweni ukuba "ukwenza ngcono" kusenokuthi uthengisa amaxabiso, nangona ukuhla kwezinto kunzima kakhulu. Iimali ezimbalwa zebhondi ezisebenza kakuhle ziquka i-PIMCO ebudeni bexesha elide D (PLDDX) kunye neVanguard-Bond Index Bond Index (VBISX).
- Iibhondi zexesha eliphakathi: Nangona ubunzima bexesha elide kunye nale mali, akukho mtyalo-mali owaziyo ngokwenene ukuba amazinga omdla kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kwenza ntoni. Ngoko ke iimali-mboleko zexesha eliphakathi zinganikeza ithuba eliphakathi phakathi kwendlela-mali kubatyalo-mali abakhetha ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bangazi ukuba zeziphi iimarike ezibophekileyo ezakwenzayo ngexesha elifutshane. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba abaphathi beengxowa-mali bezona zimali baqikelela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso (kunye namaxabiso aphantsi kwee-bond) baza kubuya ngo-2011, okuza kuzisa kwizinga eliphezulu lamanzala kunye nokwenza izibophelelo zesikhashana zikhangele ngakumbi. Babengalunganga kwaye abaphathi bezimali balahlekelwa ukuba batyekise imali, njenge-Vanguard Intermediate-Bond Index Index (VBIIX), ebetha i-99% yazo zonke ezinye iimali zesikhokelo sexesha eliphakathi ngo-2011. Unyaka wekhalenda kude kube ngowama-2013. Unokuzama kwakhona indlela eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-index yebhanki ye-Exchange Exchange Fund (ETF), njenge-iShares Barclay's Aggregate Bond (AGG).
- Iimali eziKhuselekileyo eziNkokeli-mali: Ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (i-TIPS), ezi mali zibolekileyo zingaphumelela kwangaphambili naphakathi neemeko zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ezihlala zihambelana nokukhula kwamaxabiso kunye nokukhula kwezoqoqosho. Imimiselo embalwa yeengxowa-mali ze-TIPS ziquka i-Vanguard ye-Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (VIPSX) kunye ne-PIMCO Real Return D (PRRDX).
Cinga ngeeSikisi zeSitete eziKhuselekileyo
Imali yecandelo lijolise kumashishini athile, injongo yentlalo okanye kwicandelo lezoshishino ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, i-real estate okanye iteknoloji. Injongo yabo yokutyalomali kukubonelela ngokugqithiseleyo kumaqela athile e-industry, abizwa ngamacandelo. Iimali zecandelo elikhuselayo zityalo-mali kumacandelo anokusebenza kakuhle ngokumalunga namanye amashishini ngexesha lokuthengisa okanye ubuthathaka kwezoqoqosho, njengemarike yeebhere okanye i-recession, ngokulandelanayo.
Imizekelo ibandakanya icandelo lezempilo kunye neenkonzo . Unokucinga kwakhona ngemali yesitokethi .
Ukutshala imali kwi- Bear Market Fund (Ngokuqaphela)
Imali yemarike ye-Bear ayikho wonke umntu. Ziyi-portfolio zentengiso ezakhelwe kwaye zenzelwe ukwenza imali ngexesha lokuthengisa imveliso yeebhere, ngoko ke igama. Ukwenza oku, ubeke iimali zeemarike kwiityala ezimfutshane kunye neziphumo, ngoko ke ukubuyela kwazo ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kwindlela echaseneyo ye-index index.
Umzekelo ngexesha lokuthengiswa kweebhere lika-2008, ezinye iimali zeemarike zeebhere zabuyisela imali engaphezulu kwe-37%, kanti i-S & P 500 iyancipha kwi-37% emele ukubuyisela okupheleleyo, okanye amanqaku angama-74% kumabhenkethi amaninzi.
Unako Ukusebenzisa Isicwangciso sePlothifoliyo
Kubaninzi abatyalo-mali, kuya kuba lula ukuhlala ngaphandle kwexesha lemarike kunye nezicwangciso ezinqwenelekayo zokuzama ukucima yonke inzuzo yokubuya (kunye nomngcipheko ongezelelweyo kweso).
Kunoko, unokungafani kunye neengxelo zemali uze uvumeleke ukuba iimakethe zenze oko kuya kukwenza (kuba kungenjalo nangona ipros ingakwazi ukuqikelela). Nasi umzekelo olula, usebenzisa yonke imali ye-index ye-Vanguard, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Three-Fund" iPortfolio Portfolio: "
40% Yonke i-Stock Market Index
I-30% Yonke iNkcazo yeeNkcukacha zamazwe ngamazwe
30% I-Index yeBond Market Index
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, yenza okusemandleni akho. Ukuba ufuna iikhokelo ezongezelelweyo, khangela ukuba wenzeni ngaphambi kokuba wakhe i-Portfolio ye-Mutual Funds .
Ngemali ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.