Ukujongwa kwezona zinto zicwangcisiweyo zethusi
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-International Copper Study Group (i-ICSG), ngo-2014 ii-refinery ezili-20 ezinkulu zezinto zobhedu zinezixhobo ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-10 okanye i-35 engama-35 engama-35 ekhulwini elipheleleyo lokucoca umbane.
Eyesine ezintlanu zokuhlaziywa ezinkulu - kunye ne-10 eziphezulu ezi-20 - zihlala kwilizwe laseChina. Ezi zintlanu zikhulu, zodwa, zinamandla angama-3.25 yezigidi zamathani, okanye malunga neepesenti ezili-12 zomhlaba wonke.
Izinto ezintathu zokucoca izinto ezininzi zobuninzi bezobhedu ziphethwe yiCilielco enkulu ye-copper yaseChile. Ezi zakhiwo ezintathu zinezixhobo zonyaka ezidibeneyo eziyi-1.5 yezigidi zamathani.
I-Codelco, akumangalisi kukuba , ngumlimi omkhulu wezobhedu . Ngo-2014, inkampani yakhiqiza ubuninzi beetoni ezingama-400 000 ngaphezu kobutyebi bomhlaba obuninzi, i-Aurubis.
I-teknoloji eqhubekayo ye-Flash isetyenziselwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izinto zokucocwa (malunga neepesenti ezingama-70), ngelixa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi ngo-2013 kwaqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-80 ekhulwini.
Uluhlu olungezantsi lusekelwe kwiinkcukacha kunye nolwazi olukhoyo kwi-ICSG Directory yeCopper Mines kunye neZityalo (2014).
Uluhlu lubhalwe ngamagama aqhelekileyo e-smelter nganye elandelwa ngumnini kubazali. Umthamo wonyaka we-smelter ococekileyo ucocekile kwii-toni zeetrikoni, okanye i-kilotonnes (kt).
01 Guixi (Jiangxi Copper Corporation) - 900kt
Eyakhe kwaye iqhutywe ngumvelisi waseTshayina omkhulu wethusi, i-Jiangxi Copper Corporation, i-Guixi smelter ifumaneka kwiphondo laseJiangxi. I-cathodes ye-Copper esuka kwi-smelter iyathengiswa nge -London Metal Exchange phantsi kwe-brand 'Guiye'. Isilivere kunye neentsimbi ezincinci zemizi-mveliso nazo zikhishwe kwi-ore yethusi kwi-refinery.
02 Jinchuan (Jinchuan Non Ferrous Co.) - 650kt
EFengchengang, indawo yezoshishino eningizimu yeTxixi, eChina, i-smelter ye-copper yeJinchuan iyakwazi ukuvelisa ama-650 000 ngeetoni ngonyaka. Ngo-2014, umthengisi wezentsimbi ezingabonakaliyo wehlabathi u-Trafigura wakhokhela i-US $ 150 yezigidi ngezigidi ezingama-30 kwi-smelter ye-copper ye-Jinchuan.
03 Daye / Hubei (Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Co.) - 600kt
Kutholakala kwiphondo laseMpumalanga yeHubei, uDaye ukholelwa ukuba wayeyindawo yesigodi sezotya ukususela ngekhulu lesixhenxe BC. I-Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Co. kaRhulumente yiChina umlimi odala kunobumba. Utyalo-mali lwakutshanje luye lwaphindaphinda kabini inkunzi yenkampani yokuthungca ubhedu kwii-600,000.
04 Chuquicamata (Codelco) - 600kt
I-Cocelco's Chuquicamata smelter ixhaswa yi-Chuquicamata (okanye i-Chuqui) yam yobhedu, enye yeyona migodi yehlabathi evulekileyo yomhlaba. Efumaneka enyakatho yeChile, ama-smelting ase-Chuqui ayesungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1950.
05 Yunnan Copper (Yunnan Industry Coper Group 64.8%) - 500kt
Eyilwe ngo-1958, i-Yunnan Copper yi-China ye-third-producer producer of copper-based based capacity. I-smelter e-Qingyuan, kwiphondo lase-Guangdong, yintsebenziswano ehlangeneyo phakathi kweYunnan Copper kunye neChina e-Nonferrous Metals Group, eyenza i-blister ivela kwi-Chambishi smelter eZambia.
06 Birla (iBlala Group Hidalco) - 500kt
I-refiner ye-copper engcono kakhulu e-India, eqhutywe yi-Hidalco kunye ne-Gujarat, uBirla waqala ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobhedu ngo-1998. Emva kokunciphisa amaninzi, ngoku inamandla okuba ngama-500,000 ngonyaka.
07 I-Pyshma Refinery (Uralelectromed) - 500kt
I-Pyshma yokucoca i-electrolytic yocingo yokuqala yaqala ukuveliswa ngo-1934. Efumaneka eSverdlovsk Oblast, eRussia, uPyshma isebenza yi-Uralelectromed, ingalo evulekwa esidlangalaleni ye-Ural Mining ne-Metallurgical Company.
08 Toyo (Sumitomo Metals Mining Co. Ltd.) - 450kt
I-Toyo Smelter kunye ne-Refinery, ehlala kwiidolophu zaseSaijo nase-Nihama, eJapan, isebenza yi-Sumitomo Metals Mining Co. Ltd. Ixhaswe ngokusekelwe eMzantsi Melika, e-Australia, nakumazantsi-mpuma ye-Asia, kubandakanywa nokuba kwi-mine yaseSierra Gorda, ukucocwa Kwakhona ikhupha igolide kunye ne-molybdenum njengemveliso-yenziwe ngobhedu.
09 Amarillo (iGrupo Mexico) - 450kt
I-Amarillo Refinery enyakatho yaseTexas isebenzisa abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-300, ukucoca ubhedu lwe-copper kunye ne-nickel sulfate. Ukucocwa kobhedu kwathunyelwa ngo-1974 ngu-Asarco Inc. kwaye ngoku iqhutywe kwaye iqhutywe yiGrupo Mexico.
10 I-Onsan Refinery (LS-Nikko Co.) - 440kt
ULS Nikko Copper isebenza ngokucokisekileyo kweethusi eKorea e-Onsan. Ukucocwa kwe-Onsan, okwaqala ukuveliswa ngowe-1979 kwaye isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-flash-smelting, ngoku inamandla angamawaka angama-440,000.
11 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Hamburg (i-Aurubis) - 416kt
12 El Paso UkuQiniswa kweMpahla (Freeport-McMoRan) - 415kt
13 Baiyin (i-Baiyin Nonferrous Metals) - 400kt
14 I-Jinguan (i-Tongling Non-Ferrous Metals Group) - 400kt
15 Jinlong Tongdu (Tongling Non-Ferrous / Sharpline Intl./Sumitomo/Itochu) - 400kt
I-Xiangguang Copper (Yanggu Xiangguang Coppper Co.) - 400kt
17 Shandong Fangyuan (Dongying) - 400kt
I-Sterlite Refinery (Vedanta) - 400k5
19 Las Ventanas (Codelco) - 400kt
20 Radomiro Tomic (Codelco) - 400kt
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