Nangona abaninzi abahlala kwiingxowa-mali bangasabonwa njengabalimi-mali bexesha elide, kuqikelele ukuba baqale ukutyalomali kwiimfuno ezimfutshane neziphakathi kwexesha, ngaphezu kokukhula kwexesha elide.
Umzekelo, nangona unokuba useneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, unokuhlala iminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30. Ngoko ke, kuya kufuneka utyalomisele ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo, xa usuhlala umhlalaphantsi, injongo yakho yokutshala imali inokutshintsha ngakumbi kwimali engenayo kunye nokulondolozwa, ngokukhula kubaluleke kakhulu kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iimali ezingcono kwiVanguard Fund for Retirement: Iingxowa-mali
I-Investment Vanguard yinkampani yokuxhaswa ngezimali kunye neengxowa-mali ezincinci, ezingekho mthwalo ezifumanekayo kubatyalomali namhlanje kwaye zinezinye zeemali ezahlukileyo eziza kuba zilungele ukufumana umhlala-phantsi.
Ulwahlulo lweemali zentsebenziswano, ezihlala zihlulwe ngexabiso lemali yesitokhwe , zivame ukuba zincinci (ingengozi encinci) kunezinye iintlobo zemali, ezifana nezengxowa-mali zentengiso . Oku kwabenza ukuba bafaneleke abatyala-mali abathathe umhlala-phantsi, abaqhelekanga ukuthenga amasheya eemali ezikhuselekileyo, njengengxowa-mali yokuthengiswa kwempahla.
Izahlulo ziyakwamkelwa njengomthombo wemali engenayo, okanye zingasetyenziselwa ukuthenga izabelo ezininzi ze-fund. Abanini-mali abathabatha umhlala-phantsi abazithengayo iimali zengxowa-mali ngokuqhelekileyo bafuna umthombo wemali engenayo, oku kuthetha ukuba bafuna iintlawulo ezizinzileyo kunye ezinokwethenjelwa kwi-investment fund yazo.
Nazi ezinye zeengxowa-mali eziphezulu zeVanguard ezizahlukileyo:
- I-Vanguard ukwahlula ukuKhula (i-VDIGX) iyona khetho ekhethekileyo kubatyalomali abafuna igalelo ezifanelekileyo ngoku kodwa bafuna ukubona iirhafu zokuhlawula (izivuno) zikhula ngaphezu kwexesha. Le ngxowa-mali igxininise ukubamba kwayo kwiimpahla ze-US ezinkulu-cap value stocks malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zepottoliyo ezabiwe kwii-stocks zangaphandle. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-VDIGX yi-0.32 yeepesenti ephantsi, kwaye ubuncinane bokuthenga okokuqala ngu-$ 3,000.
- I-Index yeVanguard High Dividend Index (VHDYX) ilungele ukuba abatyali-mali bafune ingeniso ngoku ngokuveliswa kweempahla eziphezulu. Iphothifoliyo iqulethe i-stock-cap value of companies in the United States ehlawula ixabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani ezifanayo. Umlinganiselo weendleko zeVHDYX yi-rock-down 0.18 yepesenti kwaye ubuncinci bokuthenga kuqala ngu-$ 3,000.
- I-Vanguard Utilities Index Adm (VUIAX) igxile kwiimpahla kwi- sectoral utility , ezifunwa kakhulu kwizabelo zayo eziphezulu. Izikhundla zokubamba iiphothifoliyo ziquka izitokisi ezinkulu ze-US zamashishini ezincedo, njengeDuke Energy Corporation (DUK) kunye ne-Southern Co (SO). Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-VUIAX yintsikelelo engama-0.18 ephantsi. Nangona kunjalo le ngxowa-mali iyaxhaswa kuphela kwiklasi ye-"Admiral" yeVanguard, enokuthenga ubuncinane ubuncinane be-$ 10,000.
Abatyalomali kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ukuba, nangona imali edibeneyo yohlahlo lwabiwo mali inokuhlawula izivuno eziphezulu zengeniso yangoku, kukho rhoqo umngcipheko omkhulu ochaphazelekayo kunye nalawo mathuba okutshala imali.
Iimali zeVanguard ezingcono kwiRhafu yomhlala-phantsi: iiNgxowa-mali zoNikezelo
Ubume bobutyalo-mali bunyango luhambelaniswe nokutyalwa kwemali yomhlala-phantsi: Kwiimeko ezininzi, isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo siquka ukugcina umngcipheko wezentengo kunye nokugcina ukungabi nantoni kwimizuzu emininzi ngelixa kufikeleleke kwimbuyekezo engaphantsi engakwazi ukufana okanye ukunyuka kwexabiso elingaphandle, elingama-3% ekuqhubekeni.
Abatyalomali abathathe umhlala-phantsi banokufuna ukusebenzisa imali eyabelwe imali, esoloko ibamba umxube weengozi ezincinci, izibophelelo kunye nemali kwi-fund eyodwa. Ngale ndlela abahlala kumarhorensi abayi kubona ukuncipha okukhulu kwiimarike zeebhere, kwaye banokufumana isabelo esahlukileyo kwi-fund eyodwa .
Nazi ezinye zeemali ezilungelelaniso ezivela kuVanguard:
- I-Vanguard LifeStrategy Growing Consorative (VSCGX) : Ulwabiwo lweefa malunga neengxowa-mali ezi-40 kunye nama-60 ekhulwini. Oku kuvumela ukukhula okukhawulezayo kodwa okuqhubekayo kwithuba elide, okwenza i-fund efanelekileyo. I-VSCGX iye yakwazi ukufikelela kwisithuba se-4 ekhulwini ngonyaka wokubuya kwixesha elide. Umlinganiselo weendleko ungabizi kuma-0.15 ekhulwini, kwaye ubuncinci bokutshala imali ngu-3,000.
- I-Vanguard Inzuzo ye-Wellesley (VWINX) : Iphothifoliyo iyalondoloza ngokuqinileyo ukwabiwa okuphakathi kwama-35 no-40 ekhulwini, kunye ne-remaining ye-5 ekhulwini. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, uWellesley ubetha ubuncinane iipesenti ezingama-90 zezinye iimali zokwabiwa ngokuzinzileyo ezibuyiselwe kwi-3-, 5--10-returns. Ngenye yezona mali ezizilungeleyo zokuthenga, unzima ukubetha umlinganiselo wendleko ephantsi ye-0.25 yeepesenti. Utyalo-mali obuncinane bokuqala u-3,000.
- I-Vanguard Wellington (VWELX) : Ulwabiwo lwe-asethi lwe-VWELX alulona lukhuseleko njenge-VSCGX kunye ne-VWINX kodwa ulwabiwo olulinganisiweyo lwama-stock angu-65 kunye neengxowankulu ezingama-35 lungabhekisela kumashishini atyala ngokuzithandela azimisele ukuthabatha umngcipheko omkhulu ngokutshintshiselwa phezulu ubude bexesha elide. Nangona iWellington yinkxaso-mali eyabelwe ingozi ephakathi, isabetha i-100 pesenti yemali kwisabelo semarike phakathi kweminyaka ye-2000 neye-2015, xa i-fund yayinesixa-mali sokubuya kwama-7.5 ekhulwini, xa kuthelekiswa nama-4.5 ekhulwini kwi-S & P 500 Index . Njengenye imali yeVanguard, uza kufumana umlinganiselo wexabiso eliphantsi (iipesenti ezi-0.26) kwiWellington. Utyalo-mali obuncinane bokuqala u-3,000.
Iimali zeVanguard eziPhambili zoMhlala-phantsi: iiNgxowa zeeBond Index
Ukulinganiswa kweendleko ezincinci kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekufumaneni umda wokusebenza kwihlabathi leemali ezibophelelweyo, kwaye iVanguard inokukhethwa ngokuthe ngqo kweengxowa-mali eziphantsi kweendleko kwi-universal fund.
Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindawo zemarike, ukuhlukana kweepesenti enye kuphela kwiingeniso kunokuhlula imali efanelekileyo yokubophelela imali kwizinto ezimbi kakhulu, kwaye ezininzi zeengxowa-mali zezibophelelo ze-Vanguard ziphakathi kwe-0.50 ukuya kwi-1.00 yeepesenti ezantsi kwiindleko ezingaphezulu kwe-fund bond bond.
Iimali ezilawulwe ngokweengcipheko ngokwemvelo zineendleko ezincinci kuneemali ezilawulwa ngokusebenzayo ngenxa yokuba iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi kakhulu kwiimali zenkcazo (oko kukuthi iindleko zophando, ukuhlalutya, ukuthenga nokuthengisa izinto zincinci kakhulu kwiimali ezilawulwa ngokungazinzi). I-index index manager ifuna kuphela ukulandelelanisa inkcazo yekhonkmark, kodwa umphathi osebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo uzama ukubetha uphawu lokubonisa, okuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali. Imali yebhondi, i-benchmark eyinqobo yi- Barclays Ahlanganisiwe Bond Index , eyona nkcazo ebanzi yobuninzi obubandakanya izibophelelo ezininzi ze-US kunye nezinye izibophelelo zangaphandle ezithengiswa kwi-US.
Ukusebenzisa imali yenkcazo kunokuba luncedo kuba ulawulo olusususayo luyakususa umngcipheko we-fund manager ukwenza iimpazamo zomntu, njengokungafani kakuhle kweemeko zezoqoqosho njengezikhokelo zerhafu. Nazi ezinye zeengxelo ezixhasayo ze-bond eVanguard ezingaba zihlakaniphile kubatyalomali abahlala phantsi:
- I-Vanguard Iyonke ye-Bond Market Index (i-VBMFX) : Ngexabiso lentengo ye-0.20 ekhulwini, abatyali-mali bafumana inqununu enkulu kwiindleko xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa-mali ezininzi kunye neendleko eziphantsi ziguqulela ekubuyiseni okungcono, ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha. I-VBMFX ilandelela i-Index yeBarlaylay Associated Bond Index. Kwimizuzu eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu, abatyali-mali bangalindela ukudibana okanye ukubetha ukubuyiswa kwesikhwama sebhondi ephakathi.
- I-Vanguard Intermediate-Ithenda ye-Investment Grade (i-VFICX) : Nangona i-VFICX ayikho inkcazo yenkxaso-mali, umyinge weendleko usengaphantsi kwe-0.20 ekhulwini. Kwaye nangona isitayela sokulawula esisebenzayo asisoloko sigcina i-index ye-benchmark, ibuyiselo lexesha elide lihle ngakumbi kunokuba luchaze imali njengeVBMFX.
- I-Vanguard Ixesha elifutshane loTyalo-mali lweTyalo-mali (i-VFSTX) : Izibophelelo zexesha elifutshane ziba nezivuno eziphantsi kunye neentlawulo eziphantsi, xa kuthelekiswa nezibophelelo ezide kunye nexesha elide kodwa izibophelelo zexeshana azikhawulezileyo, ezenza kube lula ukukhetha xa amaxabiso enzala ekhulayo. Okwangoku, ukuba awukwazi kakade, unokuba uzibuza ukuba yeyiphi "ibakala lotyalo-mali" lithetha. Iibhondi zilinganiswa ngetyala lokuthenga imali. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-agency ye-rating, ukulinganisa kuvela kwi-AAA (umgangatho ophezulu) ukuya kwiD (ngokungafani). Ibakala lotyalo-mali ngumgangatho ophakathi, oqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiAAA ukuya eBBB-. Umzekelo we-AAA ekhonjiweyo ibhondi yi-US Treasury bond. Ekuguquleleni, iimali zebhanti zebhanki-mali-mali zifaka imali kumyinge wee-bonds. Inzuzo kubatyalomali kukuba izivuno kunye nokubuyiselwa kwexesha elide kunokuba ziphezulu, ngokukodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubuncinane befaniswa nezinye iifom ze-bond-bond ezifutshane njengeVFSTX.
Zonke iirhafu ze-Vanguard zingasentla zineentengo zokutshala imali encinci i-$ 3,000. Eminye ikhetho elithile elikhethiweyo lokukhetha imali kwi-investorors kumhlala-phantsi, iifowuni zabo zengxowamali zentengo njengeVanguard Total Total Market Index (VTSMX) , kunye nenye yezona nkcukacha ze- S & P 500 Index , i- Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX) . Lezi zixa-mali eziphantsi kweendleko zempahla ezixhaphakileyo ezibonelela ngokubanzi kwiimpahla zakwa-US, zonke zikwimali enye.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.