Ixesha elizayo
Ukutshintshana kwexesha elizayo kunika izivumelwano kwiimveliso. Ezi zivumelwano zibonelela abavelisi kunye nabathengi ngendlela efanayo, isivumelwano sexesha elizayo, esilungiselela ukuvelisa imveliso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zezorhwebo ngamaxesha athile ahlukeneyo-ngoko ke, abavelisi kunye nabathengi banokukhetha iinqaba ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ingozi yazo. Ukongezelela, iikontrakthi zexesha elizayo zixhobo zamanzi . Ngaphandle kwabavelisi nabathengi-abathengi, abahwebi, abatyala-mali kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike basebenzisa ezi marike. Ukutshintshisana kwakhona kunika ukucinywa; oku kuthetha ukuba indlu yokucoca iya kuba ngumlingane wokuthengisa. Oku kususa ingozi yemboleko. Ukutshintshisana kufuna abo baphethe izikhundla ezide kunye neifutshane ukuthumela umda , owubophelelwano bokusebenza. Abavelisi kunye nabaxhasi bafumana unyango olukhethekileyo kwiintengiso zentengiso, njengoko ama-margin amazinga abo asezantsi ahlala ephantsi kunabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike. Xa umvelisi okanye umthengi esebenzisa utshintshiselwano lwexesha elizayo ukuze athengise ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezizayo okanye ukuthengwa kwempahla bayatshintsha ingozi yengozi yengozi .
Ukunciphisa Ingozi
Abavelisi okanye abathengi bempahla, abangafuni ukuthatha umngcipheko wexabiso lokunyuka kwexabiso, banokunciphisa ingozi yabo ngokubeka iindawo zabo zemali kwiimarike ezizayo.
Ukuhlaselwa, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha indawo yexesha elizayo malunga nobukhulu obufanayo, kodwa ngokuphambene nesikhokelo semali, ukusuka kwimali okanye imeko. Ngoko ke, umlimi oqhelekileyo ulinde ixesha lokuthengisa ngokuthengisa izivumelwano ezizayo. Ukuthengiswa kweekontileka zexesha elizayo kufana nesitishi sokuthengisela umvelisi.
Umthengi oqhelekileyo ngempahla esemfutshane ngokuthenga izivumelwano ezizayo. Ukuthengwa kwezivumelwano zexesha elizayo kufana nokuthengwa komthengi. Umvelisi ngumgcini omfutshane xa umboleki ungumgcini omude .
Nangona ukunikezelwa kunye neemfuno zeemveliso ziguqukayo, ngokunjalo intengo. Umvelisi okanye umthengi ongekho umgca uthatha umngcipheko wamanani. Abavelisi kunye nabathengi abasebenzisa iimarike zexesha elizayo ukuze bahlasele umngcipheko wexabiso lokuthumela. Ukuba umntu ubamba impahla, bacinga ingozi yemali kwakunye neendleko ezihambelana nokubamba loo nto. Ukuthatha iindleko kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi bee-hedgers. Iindleko zokubamba iindleko zokuthwala ezibandakanya inzala, i-inshorensi kunye neendleko zokugcina. Ixabiso lexabiso lemveliso yexesha eliza kubonisa iindleko zokuthwala. Kwiimarike eziqhelekileyo, ixabiso lexesha elizayo elichaziweyo liphezulu kunexabiso elizayo elizayo. Iimarike eziqhelekileyo zifana neemakethe ze- premium okanye ze- contango . Imakethe engatshintshiyo iyafana nemakethi yokunciphisa okanye i-market in backwardation .
Ukufakwa kwiimarike ezizayo akude kuphelele. Iimarike zexesha elizayo zixhomekeke kumgangatho. Iikontrakthi zeemveliso ezizayo zimela iimpawu ezithile okanye amabakala kwimini yokunikezelwa kwezibonelelo kunye neendawo zokuhambisa .
Ngamanye amaxesha, ama-hedgers akhiqiza okanye adle izinto ezingahambisani neenkcukacha zeemvumelwano ezizayo. Kule meko, abahlengi baya kuthatha ingozi eyongezelelweyo ngokusebenzisa i-future standard. Nangona kunjalo, iinqwelo zineenketho ezahlukeneyo.
Eminye iMaha yeMatriki
Iimarike zexesha elizayo azikho kuphela ezikhethiweyo zabathengisi. Basenokusebenzisa iimarike eziphambili, intengo eqingqiweyo yokuthengiswa kwemali kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwemali kunye ne-swaps ukuya kwinqanaba. Ezi marike ziquka umgaqo-siseko-intsebenziswano kunye neqela ngalinye elicinga ngetyala kunye nokusebenza komngcipheko komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengiselana okwenziwe ngokuqhelekileyo kudla ngokudibanisa iimfuno ezithile zabathengi kunye / okanye abavelisi ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso engozini.
Ukukhutshwa kuyithuluzi ebalulekileyo xa kuvela ekusebenzeni ishishini kwiindawo ezininzi. Uhlaselo luya kuqinisekisa ukuba umthengi unikezelo lwexabiso elifunekayo kwixabiso elibekiweyo.
Uhlaselo luya kuqinisekisa umvelisi inani elithe laziwa ngokuveliswa kwempahla. Ukuhlambuluka yindlela eyenza abathengi bezinto eziqingqiweyo kunye nabathengi ukuze bakwazi ukucwangcisa phambili baze bahlawule iindleko zokuqhuba ishishini labo.