Ukusuka kwii-cryptocurrencies kumalungelo amaminerari, izakhiwo ezihlelwe kwiimimberland, izitifiketi ze-tax bond kwiingqeshiso zeshishini, ukutyalwa kwamanye amaziko kungabangela ukhetho oluphosakeleyo kumtyalo-mali othe tye, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo; ingakumbi kulabo abanolwazi olukhethekileyo kwingingqi ethile okanye kwiintlobo eziphezulu ezifanelekileyo zemali, ezinokuthi zizuze ngokubanzi kwiintlawulo ezithile zerhafu okanye izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwalabo abaneengeniso ezithobekileyo zomzi.
Kule ntshayelelo kwiimpahla ezingezinye, siya kuphendula imibuzo emine ebalulekileyo:
- Yintoni enye intshawulo-mali okanye enye impahla?
- Ziziphi ezinye zeemali zenye imali okanye ezinye izinto ezikhoyo?
- Kutheni abatyala-mali befuna ezinye iindlela zokutshala imali okanye ezinye izinto ezikhoyo?
- Ziziphi ezinye zeenzuzo ezinkulu kunye nezithintelo zokubandakanya utyalo-mali okanye ezinye izinto ezikhoyo kwiipotifoliyo ezahlukeneyo ?
Inethemba lam kukuba uya kuba nokuqonda ngakumbi kangcono kwimiba njengoko sihlolisisa nganye kwezi zihloko kwimizuzu embalwa elandelayo; ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwezinye zeengozi ezinokubangela ubuninzi beentlungu kunye neentlungu. (Ukutyalo-mali, kukho into enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwizinto ezingahambi kakuhle. Iindaba ezilungileyo zihlala zizinyamekela.)
Yiyiphi enye iNtyalo-mali okanye enye impahla?
Ukuqonda indlela enye i-asethi ekhoyo ichazwa ngayo, kufuneka uqonde iingcamango ezimbini ezinxulumene neziklasi ze-asethi kunye nokwabiwa kwempahla .
Kulula nje, iklasi ye-asethi yintlobo ye-asethi eneesethi ethile yeziganeko ezifanayo; umzekelo, indlela evelisa ngayo ukubuya, izingozi ezibandakanyekayo ekuziphatheni okanye ekuziphatheni, ukulungelelaniswa kwazo kunye nezinye iiklasi zee-asethi okanye ubunzima boqoqosho njengamaxabiso enzala .
Ulwabiwo lwe-asethi lubhekisela ekwakheni imodeli okanye imephu kwisikhokelo esiqhelekileyo njengepesenti ekhohlakeleyo yeliphothifoliyo ofuna ukusebenza kwiklasi nganye ye-asethi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu lwabiwo lweempahla luya kufakwa kwixwebhu elibizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo we- investment policy . Sixoxe ngeminye yemiba enokufuna ukuyijonga xa ujongene nokuqwalasela itekethi efanelekileyo ye-asethi kwinqaku elibizwa ngokuba yizinto ezifunekayo ukuba uziqwalasele xa ulinganisa i-Asset Class Exposure .
Ngokwesiko, kukho into encinane into ongayichaza "i-core" yee-asethi zeeklasi ukuba umntu onengqiqo unokucinga ukuba ungeze kwi-portfolio yakhe. Okokuthi, ukuba ngaba ulawula i- trust trust fund okanye uqeshe inkampani yokulawula i-asethi okanye umcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo wokuhlawula kunye nokugcina iipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kuwe okanye iindlalifa zakho, ngaba uya kufakwa iphothifoliyo enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Imali kunye neemali zemali
- Amasheya
- Bond
Kutheni le nto? Ngomlinganiselo walo obanzi, olunye utyalo-mali, okanye i-asethi enye, nayiphi na uhlobo lwe-asethi engangeni kwenye yalezi zigaba. Oko kukuthi, enye imali inotyalo-mali ayikho into eyenziwa ngemali, izitokisi, okanye iintambo .
Ziziphi ezinye zeMpawu zoTyalo-mali okanye ezinye iiAfa?
Ngelixa uludwe lwezinye iimali-mali lube lukhulu, ezinye zezinto onokuhlangabezana nazo kwihlabathi lenene ziquka, kodwa azinyanzelwanga ukuba zilandelayo:
- I-Real Estate kunye nayo yonke into ephuma kuyo, kuquka ipropati eneenqwelo-mali ngqo, ubudlelwane obuqingqiweyo bezindlu, ii-REIT
- UMphathiswa olinganiselweyo, onokwenza kwaye asebenze yonke into esuka kumibhobho yeoli ukuya kwiipaki ezinomxholo omkhulu
- Izitifiketi zeekhefu zeRhafu
- I-Stock okanye ubulungu kwiibhizinisi ezizimeleyo
- Iimveliso, kuquka neensimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide , isilivere, iplatinum, kunye ne-palladium, kunye neoli engcolileyo, igesi yendalo, i-ethanol, i-corn, i-soybeans, ingqolowa, i-cocoa, ikofi, ishiyi, i-juice, i-oats, i-oats, imfuyo, , ukhokele, i-zinc, itin, i-aluminium, i-nickel kunye ne-cobalt
- Ixesha elizayo
- Ifama
- Timberland
- Amalungelo amaminerari
- Ipropati yepropathi njengamalungelo okukopisha, amalungelo engoma, amalungelo omenzi kunye neempawu zokuthengisa
- Imali ekhishwe phantsi
- Izixhobo zokuqeshisa
- Zokuhlala
- Ubugcisa kunye nokuqokelela
- Impahla yabucala
- Isiselo somdiliya
- Iingqekembe ezinenani elikhulu
- Imali yokuqala okujikayo
- Ukuboleka koontanga
- Viaticals
- Imali yeHedge
- Izibonelelo
- Iimali zerhafu
Kutheni abaTyalo-mali befuna i-Alternative Investments okanye iiAfa eziNye?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi umtyalo-mali okanye umphathi weepotfoliyo unokucinga ngokufaka olunye utyalo-mali kwi-balance sheet.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-dollar yokuphuma kwemali evela kwintlobo-mali engasenokuba yinkqubo engaphezulu yonyango engcono kakhulu kuneyodola eyakhiwe kwi-investment. umzekelo, ukuba umtyalo-mali okanye umthengi unexabiso elikhulu lokulahlekelwa kwentela okanye iirhafu ezingasetyenziswa kwintlobo ethile yomsebenzi okanye umthombo wembuyekezo.
Kwamanye amaxesha, imeko kunye nemeko ethile yeso sigaba se-aseti ngexesha lotyalo-mali lucatshangelwa lingenza ukuba i-asethi yeklasi ibonakale ingabizi kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke iyakhathalela umnikazi wexesha elide, kunezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali ezikhoyo kwiimarike; umz., kwakukho ixesha ngexesha loLuntu oluPhezulu loRhwebo xa abathengi abacebileyo bethengisa iipropos ezihlaziyileyo kwiidolophu ezinjengeMiami, ukuhlawula ingqutyana yento ababecinga ukuba ixabiso lemarike liza kuba lizayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, utyalomali okanye abacebisi bakhe banolwazi olunzulu okanye ubuchule obuhlukile kwiindawo ezithile ezingabangela ukuba utyalo-mali oluthile lube luncedo. Umzekelo, ukuba unomashishini onamava kwi-oyile kunye negesi yegesi wayenemithombo kunye nomonde wokusebenzisa ioli enkulu kunye / okanye igesi igxuma, olo nolwazi olulodwa kunye namava angabhawula ngokukhawuleza njengoko kuvumela umtyalo-mali ukuba anciphise umngcipheko ngeendlela umntu ongenalwazi ongenakho ukucinga ngayo, akekho wazi ukuba uyazi.
Kwezinye iimeko, utyalo-mali oluthile okanye uhlobo oluthile lwe-asethi yeklasi lungase lugxininise ngokwengqondo nangokwengqondo umtyalomali ngaphezu kwezinye iiklasi ze-asethi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho abatyalo-mali abaphumelelayo abanomdla kakhulu kwi-capital venture kuba banandipha inkqubo yokuchonga, inkxaso-mali, nokuthatha ubunini kwiindawo zokuqalisa kunye namashishini amatsha; ukuba zibone zikhula kwaye ziphumelele, ziyazi ukuba ziyingxenye yalo.
Kukho abanye abatyalo-mali, ngakumbi abo badala, abangathandi ukufumana iimpahla kunye nezibophelelo, bakhetha ukubhala phantsi iimpahla zabo zokuhlala kwizindlu eziye zazifumana kwaye zilungiswe. Kuqondakala kubo. Bavakalelwa kukuba banokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuzuza kunye nokulahleka okungenako, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokunyanzeliswa kwansuku zonke okuyinxalenye kunye nenxalenye yokufumana isitokhwe esithengiweyo esidlangalaleni.
Kukho abatyali-mali abathi bafumana iilwimi zamalungelo omculo, mhlawumbi kwintengiso, kwiintengiselwano zentengiso, okanye kwiinkqubo zentlawulo yebhanki ngenxa yokuba baqonda indlela yokulawula kunye nelayisenisi lawo maqela kumalungu anomdla. Ngokuqinisekileyo phakathi kwabatshali-mali abadumileyo ababizwa ngokuba yi "Gogs Bugs" abagubha i-bullion yegolide ngefomethi kunye nefom yebha. Kwabaninzi abawela kule nkampu, igolide iya kuba yinto engathandekiyo ukuba kaninzi ibonakala ingqiqweni kubantu abangenayo inyanzeliso efanayo yokuqokelela isinyithi esineqhosha.
IiNzuzo kunye neNgcaciso yeeNgxowa-mali ezongezelelweyo kwiPortfolio
Siye saxubusha ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezinokuthi zenze utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo okanye olukhuselekileyo lwemali phantsi kweemeko ezithile, iimarike ezingekho phantsi kwezinto ezingakhokelela kumathuba atshabalalayo, ukwaneliseka ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo xa ubhekana nempahla abayithandayo abatshalileyo, bayayiqonda, kwaye uvakalelwa kukuba unomncintiswano okanye umlenze wobuchule kumncintiswano - ngoko mhlawumbi kukulungele ukugxila kwizinto ezimbi, apho zininzi. Uluhlu lwezinto ezinjalo ziza kuba lukhulu kangangokuba ndiyakukhetha ukumbona ezimbini ukuba ndikholelwa ukuba ziyingozi kakhulu.
Okokuqala, utyalo-mali oluthile lunokuba nzima kwaye lubandakanya ingozi efihliweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa utyalo-mali kwizinto ezifana nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo, kunokubakho ukungabonakali okwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ingozi oyithathayo. Umzekeliso womhlaba woqobo: kwingxelo kaRhulumente esemthethweni ngeCrisis Crisis ye-2007-2009, ikhomishoni yafumanisa ukuba ezinye iifowuni ezixhaswe ngamabhanki otyalo-mali bezibandakanya kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ukugqoka iifestile" ngokuthengisa impahla echaphazelekayo kunye / okanye ukunciphisa ityala ngaphambi kokuphela kwexesha lokunika ingxelo ukwenzela ukuba imali ibonakale iphephile kubanikazi.
Laba banini banikezwa ngoluvo lwengqiqo malunga nento ababenayo kunye nemingcipheko eyabonakala kuyo. Akusizwanga ngenye indlela utyalo-mali oluthile oluya kupheliswa ngokupheleleyo, ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwabatyalo-mali. Uloyiko olusempilweni luyilumko xa uhamba kwiindawo ezininzi ezibhalwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Ukukwazi kwakho ukuthi "cha" - ukuhamba kude notyalo-mali ongaziqondi ngokupheleleyo - kunokunciphisa amathuba okunyanzeliswa ukuba ubukele ubutyebi bakho buqhutywe phambi kwamehlo akho. Ungavumeli ukuba ukwesaba ukulahleka kwinto enomdla kukubangela ukuba wenze into engalungile.
Okwesibini, utyalo-mali oluthile lungenza i-nightmare, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imiphumo eyingozi, yerhafu. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba unesicwangciso sokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Mhlawumbi yi- SEP-IRA . Unquma ukuba ufuna ukufumana inxalenye ye-oil pipeline master limited, okanye iMLP , nge-SEP yakho. Nangona kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, uye wadala imeko apho i-SEP-IRA yakho inokufuneka ukuba ifake ibuyiselo yayo yerhafu kwaye, ngakumbi, hlawula irhafu! Oku kuya kuba yinkxalaleko eninzi kunye neendleko apho, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kunokufanelekile, kodwa enye inokuba yinto engathandekiyo xa ungayazi ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Omnye umzekeliso: ucinga utyalo-mali kubambiswano lwabucala. Ubambiswano awunayo igatya lokusabalalisa irhafu ngokusemthethweni nangona lihlelwe ukulungiselela ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu. Ungagqiba ngeyona ntlawulo yeerhafu eninzi omele uyihlawule ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokubambisana nokuba ngaba ulwabelwano aluhanjiswanga nayiphi na imali kwiminyaka yerhafu! Oku kunokuba kukuhle ukuba unayo i-liquidity savings ehlezi ngeenxa zonke kwaye uvakalelwa kukuba utsalo-mali luyaqondakala kodwa luyakwazi ukudala ubunzima boqobo ukuba kufuneka uthengise ezinye iimpahla okanye ubolekise imali ukuhlawula i-bill yakho kwi-IRS.
Ukuziphendulela: Umxholo okweli siza unikezelwa ngolwazi kunye neenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanelekanga ukuchazwa nje ngeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.