Ziziphi iindidi kunye neepropati zamaTshayeli?

Iindidi ze-alloys zensimbi zinemihlaba eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ziveliswa ngokwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ezifunekayo kwisicelo sabo. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula izithatha ezisekelwe kule mimpahla, ezibandakanya ukuxinwa, ukunyaniseka, i-melting point, i-conductivity conductivity, amandla kunye nobunzima (phakathi kwabanye). Ukwenza amashishini ahlukeneyo, abavelisi bahluke uhlobo kunye nenani lezinyithi ze-alloy, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nendlela abaphathi abasebenza ngayo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezithile.

Ngokwe-American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), amaxabiso angabelana ngokubanzi ngamacandelo amane ngokusetyenziswe kwamakhemikhali awo:

1. ICarbon Steels
2. Iitoli zeAlloy
3. Izitya ezingenanto
4. Izixhobo zeTshayeli

Iimpahla zeCarbon Steels

Iibhethi zeCarbon zi-alloys ezenziwe ngokudibanisa nentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni. Ngokutshintsha ipesenteji zekhabhoni, kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa insimbi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iphakamileyo yekhabhoni ikomelele kwaye iqhube ngakumbi insimbi.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-carbon carbon ibizwa ngokuthi "insimbi eyenziwe." Kulula ukusebenza kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iimveliso zokuhlobisa ezifana nokucima okanye izithuba zezibane. I-carbon steel enamandla kakhulu kwaye isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinjengeebridges. I-carbon ephezulu ye-carbon isetyenziselwa ikakhulu iifowuni. I-Ultra high carbon carbon, ebizwa nangokuthi "insimbi yentsimbi," isetyenziselwa iimbiza kunye nezinye izinto. Ngelixa lincinci enzima kakhulu, libuye lincinci.

Iipropati zeAlloy Steels

Izityeli ze-alloy zithiwa ngokuba zenziwa ngepesenti enye okanye enye insimbi ngaphandle kwesinyithi. Ukongezwa kwee-allo kutshintsha iipropati zamatye. Ngokomzekelo, isinyithi esenziwe ngentsimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel ivelisa insimbi engenasici. Ukongezwa kwe-aluminium kungenza insimbi ibe yinto efanayo ngokubonakala.

I-Steel ene-manganese eyongeziweyo iba nzima kakhulu kwaye iyomelele.

Iipropati zeZineli ezingenanto

I-steels ezingenasici ziqulethe phakathi kwe-10-20% ye-chromium, eyenza insimbi ithathele ngokugqithisileyo (ukubola). Xa isinyithi iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-11% ye-chromium, malunga namaxesha angaphezu kwama-200 anqabana nokubola njengamaxabiso angenayo i-chromium. Kukho amaqela amathathu angama-stainlessless steels:

• Izitishi ze-Austenitic, eziphezulu kakhulu kwi-chromium, nazo ziqulethe inani elincane le-nickel kunye nekhabhoni. Ezi ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukutya nokutya. Zixabiseke, ngenxalenye, ngenxa yokuba zingekho magnetic.
• Izitishi ze-Ferritic ziqulethe malunga ne-15% ye-chromium kodwa zilandele kuphela ixabiso le-carbon ne-metal alloys ezifana ne-molybdenum, i-aluminium, okanye i-titanium. Ezi zithethi ziyamandla, zinzima kwaye zinamandla, kwaye zinokuqiniswa ngakumbi ngokusebenza kubanda.
• Amaxabiso aseMartensitic aqukethe ixabiso le-chromium, i-nickel kunye nekhabhoni, Ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa. Amatye aseMartensiti aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukusika izixhobo ezifana nemiguvu kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.

Iipropati zeziTshayeli zeSixhobo

Izixhobo zinezixhobo ezizinzileyo, isinyithi esingaxhasiyo esine-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-cobalt kunye ne-vanadium. Zisetyenzisiweyo, akumangalisi ukuba wenze izixhobo ezifana ne-drills.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezixhobo zethuluzi, eziqulethe iindidi ezihlukeneyo zetsimbi zeseyili.