Xa kuziwa ekuthengiseni okanye ekutyalomali kwizinto eziphathekayo njengempahla, kukho imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina engqondweni. Ukurhweba kwimarike yeempahla akuyona yonke into. Abo bahamba kule marike bathambekele ekukhangeleni imivuzo emikhulu. Ngethuba elikhulu lokufumana inzuzo, kukho ixesha elihle elihle lokulahleka. Akukho nto yasemini kwiimarike kwaye umvuzo uhlala usebenza kumngcipheko.
Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezabaninzi abahwebi bezinto eziyimpumelelo. Kulabo bafuna ukubandakanya kwiimarike zeemveliso, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu zoshishino zalabo baphumelelayo.
Yiba yiNgcali kwixesha elizayo kunye neenketho
Mhlawumbi ubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi abaqwalasela ukutyalomali okanye ukurhweba kwiimarike zexesha elizayo kunye neendlela zokukhetha ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukufunda i-ins kunye nokuphuma kwexesha kunye neengxoxo ezinikezela ngale mveliso yezemali.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemveliso yezemali ezithengisa iimpahla ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kwi-United States, i-Chicago Mercantile Exchange ( CME ) kunye ne-Intercontinental Exchange ( ICE ). Ngolunye lwezo zintengiselwano zinika inani elininzi kwizinto abafuna ukuzenza ngokwabo.
Enye yezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ziqale ngolu hlobo lomda . Umda wendawo efanelekileyo yokwenza idiphozithi efunekayo ngokutshintshiselana ukungena kwiindawo ezide okanye ezimfutshane kwiimveliso ezinikezela ngokuthengisa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda zonke iinkcukacha zemvumelwano kwiimarike ozicingayo. Imarike nganye ineempawu ezahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, isivumelwano segolide esithengisa kwi-COMEX isahlulo se-CME simele i-troy ounces yesityambo sensimbi ngelixa i-contract yesilivere ibonisa ama-ounces ayi-1,000. Inkontileka yeoli eqhuba umsebenzi kwi-NYMEX isahlulo se-CME ibonisa imitha engama-1,000 yempahla yamandla ngelixa isivumelwano segesi yemvelo sibonisa i-MMBtu okanye i-10 million yezigidi zeBritish Units of gas. Ushukela othengisa kwi-ICE exchange exchange u-112,000 iipounds ngelixa isivumelwano sekhofi sinezigidi ezingama-37 500.
Ezinye iimveliso zorhwebo kuzo zonke iinyanga kunyaka ezinye zizithengisa iinyanga ezizodwa zitshintshiselwano. Inkontileka nganye inexabiso elincinci elincinci elincinane elimele imiphumo yemali yenguqu yexabiso elincinci. Ukongezelela, iindawo ezininzi zexesha elizayo zineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo xa kuziwa ekwenzeni okanye ekuthwalweni kwezinto ezisemgangathweni xa abanye bezinikezela kuphela ukulungiswa kwemali kwiindawo ezide kunye nezifutshane ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi yexesha elizayo.
Impahla nganye inexabiso leempawu ze-idiosyncratic ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacileyo umthengisi okanye umtyalomali ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ngaphambi kokungena kwezi marike. Ukutshintshisana kunika ulwazi oluninzi ngexabiso, umthamo kunye nomdla ovulekileyo xa kuziwa nganye kwiikontraka abazinikezelayo kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda le data kwaye ukuyisebenzisa xa uhlalutya kwaye uqonda ezi ntengiso. Ukongeza, khetha icebo lokurhweba elinenqabileyo, eliqondakalayo kwaye linikeza iinkonzo ozifunayo kwimisebenzi ethile yokurhweba kunye notyalo-mali.
Qonda iZiseko
Emva kokuba uqonde indlela ixesha elizayo kunye neendlela ezikhethwa ngayo ekusebenziseni utshintshiselwano, ukuqonda izinto ezisemgangathweni zokubonelela kunye neemfuno zeemfuno zeemarike ezibonakalayo zibaluleke kakhulu. Abahlalutyi abaphambili bavame ukuphanda i- total supply supply againstus imfuno epheleleyo kwiimarike kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha.
Izinto ezisemgangathweni zizoqoqosho kwiimarike zemveliso. Xa iimpahla zangoku zidlula imfuno yangoku, imarike ihlala iimeko ezigqithiseleyo kwaye indlela yokuncincika kwamanani angancinci. Xa ixabiso langoku lidlula ukubonelela kwangoku, amaxabiso athambe ukunyuka phezulu.
Iimveliso zithuthi zorhwebo. Amanani athambekele ekuhlaleni kwinqanaba apho abavelisi banqumle ukuveliswa kunye neempahla ziqala ukuhla. Kule nqanaba kumjikelezo, amanani aphantsi aqala ukutsala imfuno esuka kubathengi apho ixabiso lifumana phantsi kwaye liqale ukunyuka phezulu. Xa ixabiso liphakama kwaye lifikelela kwinqanaba apho abavelisi banda khona, umfuno lwabathengi uyancipha ukuncipha kwaye iincwadi zakhiwe ngaluphi umlinganiselo intengo ifikelele ekufikeleleni kwinqanaba kwaye umjikelezo uqala kwakhona. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lenza umzamo wokuqonda uhlobo lweemarike zeemveliso ngokusebenzisa ukunikezelwa kwedatha kunye nedatha.
Qonda iZiko lobuGcisa
Iingcali ziphonononga ukuziphatha kwemfuyo yamanani kwiimarike zemveliso ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yexabiso lembali ukuchaza kwangaphambili iimeko ezizayo. Umchwepheli usebenzisa ishati okanye umfanekiso weentshukumo zamanani kwixesha. Abanye abachwepheli bajonga ixabiso elifutshane lwedatha, ngamanye amaxesha afutshane nje nangomhla wokurhweba, ngelixa abanye bejonga kwixesha elide lwedatha njengemihla ngemihla, ngeveki, ngenyanga okanye ngaphezulu ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwexabiso.
Amanani eemarike aya phezulu xa kukho abathengi abaninzi kunabathengisi kwaye baya kuncitshiswa ke abathengisi banqabile ukuthenga. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo lobugcisa luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni indlela ekhoyo yokuncinci kwamanani kunye nokuqikelela ikusasa.
Abahlalutyi bezobugcisa bazame ukufumanisa iipateni zamanani kwiitshati eziya kubangela abanye emarikeni ukuba bathenge okanye bathengise. Ezi iipateni zamanani zivame ukudala iziprofeto ezizifezekisayo ezithatha intengo, ngokukodwa kwixesha elifutshane, kwaye kube nemathuba enenzuzo kubahwebi abaxhamlileyo kunye nabatyalo-mali abachonga umzekelo kwaye bachithe inxaxheba kwintlawulo yesenzo esilandelayo.
Iinkcukacha ezifumaneka kwii-exchange xa kuziwa kumqulu kunye nomdla ovulekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuncedisa amandla ohlalutyo lobuchwephesha kunye nokukhula kweendleko ezikhulayo okanye zamanje zamanani.
Umfundi ubaluleke kakhulu
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwizinto eziyimpumelelo yexesha elizayo kunye nexesha elizayo umthengisi okanye umtyalomali uqeqesho. Ukulungiswa yinkqubo yokuseka isicwangciso kunye nokunamathela kwikhosi xa kuziwa kuthatha isikhundla eside okanye esifutshane kwimakethe yemveliso. Omnye wemithetho ebalulekileyo kukuba ubeke i-horizons yakho ngenzuzo efunwayo kwisithuba njengomsebenzi wokwenza ilahleko. Ukubeka iprofayile yomvuzo wengozi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Enye yemithetho yegolide yokuthengiswa akuyikuba ingozi enkulu kunoma yimuphi urhwebo okhangele ukwenza. Ukongezelela, umhwebi ophumelelayo akaze abeke onke amaqanda kwinqinki enye. Ngamanye amagama, umntu makangabikho mngcipheko uninzi lwezorhwebo okanye intengo-mali yokutyalomali kwintengiso enye.
Andizange ndidibane nawuphi na umrhwebi okanye umtyalo-mali ohlala efumana zonke iinkonzo ngokufanelekileyo. Enyanisweni, abaninzi abahwebi abaphumeleleyo kwihlabathi banemali engama-50 kuphela ebizwa ngokuba yi-market direction. Nangona kunjalo, aba bathengisi abanenzuzo bavame ukulungelelanisa umvuzo wokuba bayeke ezikhundleni ezide kunye nezifutshane ukuba bafumane kakubi kwaye bakhwele izikhundla xa benelungelo lokwandisa inzuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezitofu akukhona nje ukulahlekelwa izikhundla. Abaninzi abahwebi abaphumeleleyo baya kusebenzisa ukuma ukukhusela inkunzi kunye nenzuzo kwizikhundla ezinenzuzo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kohlalutyo olusisiseko kunye nobugcisa olusetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuthengisa kwiimarike kunokudala indlela efanelekileyo kwiimarike zeemveliso kunye neendlela zokukhetha.
Ezinye iiMveliso zeeMpahla ngaphandle kweLizwe leMali yokuTshintshana
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuza kwee-ETF kunye ne-ETN iimveliso eziphindaphinda ukusebenza kwexabiso lemveliso ezithengisa ukuthengisana ziye zafumaneka kubatyali kunye nabathengisi abanayo kuphela i-akhawunti kwiimarike zokulingana. Nangona ulwazi malunga nokutshintshwa kwexesha elizayo akuyimfuneko xa kuthengiswa okanye utyalo-mali kulezi zimoto zorhwebo, ezisisiseko, ezobugcisa, kunye neenqununu zokuziphatha ziyaqhubeka zinyaniseka xa kuziwa ngendlela ephumelelayo kwiimali ze-ETF kunye ne-ETN kwimpahla. Ukongezelela, abo bakhethiweyo be-ETF kunye ne-ETN iimoto eziqonda ingozi ngokufunda ngokuthe ngqo iipropati zezixhobo zorhwebo ziyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuphumelela kunye nokuphepha iingozi ezininzi.