Ukuqonda ukungafani phakathi kwexesha elide kunye notyalo-mali olufutshane
Ukuchaza utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwiSahluko sokulinganisela
Xa uthabatha ingxelo yonyaka okanye ifom ye-10-K yokufakela ibhiziniselwano ngokurhweba esidlangalaleni, utyalo-mali olude oluboniswe kwibhalansi limelela impahla efunwa yinkampani iminyaka engaphezu konyaka. Ziyakwazi ukuquka izitokhwe kunye nezibophelelo zezinye iinkampani, indawo yokuthengisa impahla, kunye nemali ebekelwe bucala injongo ethile okanye iphrojekthi. Ukongezelela kwezolimo-mali iinkampani ziceba ukubamba ixesha elide, utyalo-mali lwangexesha elide nalo luquka isitishi kwiinkampani zenkampani kunye neenkxaso-mali.
Ngeenjongo zokuhlelwa kwamaphepha ebhalansi, ulwahlulo phakathi kotyalo-mali olufutshane kunye notyalo-mali lwangexesha elide lusekwenzeni inkampani yokufumana ifa. Utyalo-mali olufutshane olufutshane luquka ama-stocks, amabhondi, kunye nezinye iimbono iinkampani eziceba ukuthengisa ngokukhawuleza, kwiinyanga ezili-12. Ibhanki yotyalo-mali ebandakanyekayo kwishishini lokuthengisa i-akhawunti yalo ikwazi ukuhlawula iindawo ezininzi njengexesha elifutshane kwi-balance sheet.
Utyalo-mali oluhlelwe phantsi kotyalo-mali olude lungaze luthengiswe. Umzekelo obalaseleyo wokugqibela uza kuba ngumtshato waseBerkshire Hathaway kunye neCoca-Cola. I-Berkshire inayo i-400,000,000 izabelo zesininzi esinxilisayo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuhlala ibabambe ngonaphakade nangakhathaliseki ixabiso abathengisa kuyo kwimakethe evulekileyo.
Ukususela phakathi no-2017, ezo zabelo zimelela i-9.4 yepesenti yebhanki kwi-Atlanta-based based giant. Nangona ayinakulawula i Coke, ngeendlela ezininzi, iBerkshire Hathaway icinga ngeCoca-Cola njengenxalenye esisigxina yesiseko sayo se-asethi ngendlela efanayo neyenzela iinkxaso-mali ezifana ne-GEICO ne-Precision Castparts.
Uluhlu lweSigaba
Ukwahlula phakathi kokutyalomali kwexesha elifutshane kunye notyalo-mali lwangexesha elide kunempembelelo ebhaliweyo ebalulekileyo njengoko itshintsha indlela i-asethi kufuneka ixabwe ngayo kwezinye iimeko
Xa inkampani ebambeleleyo okanye ezinye izibophelelo zokuthenga eziqinileyo okanye izabelo zesitokhwe esifanayo njengotyalo-mali, isigqibo malunga nokuba ukuyibeka njengexesha elifutshane okanye ixesha elide linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwindlela ezo zinto zixabiswa ngayo kwi- bhanki .
Ukubonelela umzekeliso, qwalasela inkampani yomshuwalense. Khawucinge ukuba uthengisa iibhondi ezinxulumene needola ezili-10 000 zeenjongo zokuthengisa ngexesha elithile kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini ezizayo; urhwebo olwenziwe njengenxalenye yentsebenzo enkulu, eyinkimbinkimbi. Kule meko, iibhondi ziya kubalwa njengexesha elifutshane kwaye zixhomekeke kwimithetho efuna ukuba "imakwe kwiimarike".
Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhondi zinciphisa ixabiso ukuya kwii-9,000,000 kwikota, ilahleko eyi-1,000,000 yokulahlekelwa kufuneka iqhutywe kwinkcazo yengeniso yenkampani nangona ilahleko ingazange ifumaneke, ekhoyo kwiphepha.
Ngoku, cinga ngenye imeko. Kule meko, iibhondi zafunyanwa nge-$ 10,000,000 kunye nenkampani yomshuwalense icebo lokubamba kuze kube yilapho ikhula njengotyalo-mali olude. Kule meko, iibhondi zingabalwa phantsi kwendlela "yeendleko zokulungiswa".
Iintlukwano kwixabiso leebhonksi phakathi kwamanje kunye nokukhula azichaphazeli amanani achazwe kwingxelo yengeniso ngendlela efanayo. Kunoko, nayiphina i-premium okanye isaphulelo ukuya kwindleko yexabiso. Oku kubangela ukuzinza okukhulu kwingeniso enemali echaziweyo.
Kwamanye amaxesha, ngokukodwa ukulandela utshintsho olukhulu kumanani omyinge , oku kunokuthetha ukuba izitatimende zezimali zoshishino kunye neendawo ezininzi zexesha elide lokutyalo-mali zingenza okanye zingabonakali ngokupheleleyo ngokoqobo kwezoqoqosho ngokokuqala. Uya kufuneka ufune ukungena kwingxelo yonyaka kunye neFom 10-K yokufaka ifayile yokufumana ingcamango engcono yexabiso langaphakathi.