Ungagxininisekisi ngokuthe ngqo kwiNzuzo yeNtengo okanye uya kuBuyisa imali yakho yokubuyisela imali
Icandelo kwinqanaba: Ukhangele ishishini eliqingqiweyo, i-Acme Company, Inc. Ukhupha i-stock quote uze ubone ukuba iminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, izabelo ziyi-10 yee-nganye kwaye namhlanje, ziyi-$ 20 nganye. Ukusebenzisa ifom ye-formula yezinga lokukhula kwonyaka , ubala ukuba imali yakho iya kukhula ngo-7.18%. Ingxaki? Oku kungalunganga ngokupheleleyo. Awunalo ulwazi olwaneleyo ukufumanisa ukuba ukubuyela kwakho kwimbali yayiza kuba awuzange ubenze kwezinye izinto zokugcina ubutyebi ukuba wena, njengomnini-shishini, uya kuvuya. Xa umntu ebhekisela kuye "ukubuyisela kubanikazi bamasheya" ngokubanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba bathetha ntoni. Bayafuna ukwazi ukuba bangakanani imali eyongezelelweyo abanayo yonke i-$ 1 abaye batyala imali, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umthombo wale mali eyongezelelweyo.
Indlela yokubala i-Formula yokubuyisela i-Formula
- Nantsi indlela ongayenza ngayo ukubala inani lenani-mali lokubuyela kwiidola ezipheleleyo:
(Ukuphela kweNtengo yeeNkcitho zeSitokisi - Iindleko ezisisiseko seSitokethi) + naziphi na izabelo ezifunyenweyo + naziphi na ezinye izabelo zeeMali ezithe zafunyanwa + Ixabiso leMarike yeeNkampani ezifunyenwe kwi-Spin-Off + naziphi na izahlulelo ezifunyenwe kwiSahlulo kwiSito sokuThumela ngaphandle + Naliphi na enye Ukunikezelwa kwemali efunyenwe kwiSitto-Off Off + Ithenda okanye ukuThengiswa koTywala kweyiphi na iMvume ekhutshwayo
- Nantsi indlela ongayenza ngayo ukubala inani lokubuyisela isabelo-mali njengepesenti:
(Ukuphela kweNtengo yeeNkcitho zeSitokisi - Iindleko ezisisiseko seSitokethi) + naziphi na izabelo ezifunyenweyo + naziphi na ezinye izabelo zeeMali ezithe zafunyanwa + Ixabiso leMarike yeeNkampani ezifunyenwe kwi-Spin-Off + naziphi na izahlulelo ezifunyenwe kwiSahlulo kwiSito sokuThumela ngaphandle + Naliphi na enye Ukusabalaliswa kwemali efunyenwe kwiSitto-Off Off + Imarike okanye ukuThengiswa koLwabiwo lwazo naziphi na iziqinisekiso ezikhutshwe kuyo nayiphi na i-Stocks
------------------- Yahlula ngo- ---------------
Ixabiso lokuqala leSiseko
Olu hlobo luza kuba lukhuni ngakumbi kuba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, xa ufumana ukuhlawulelwa, umthengisi wakho uya kutshintsha isiseko seendleko kwi-investment yakho yokuqala, ubeke ezinye zazo ngokulandelelana. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ezo manani, kufuneka uguqule iziguquko ngokufanelekileyo:
(Ukuphela kweNtengo yeMarike yeStock - Ixabiso lokuThatyathwa kweSitokisi seSitishi) + naziphi na izabelo ezifunyenweyo + naziphi na ezinye izabelo zeeMali eziye zafunyanwa + (Ukuphela kwexabiso leMarike yeStock Off-Off - Ixabiso leNguqu elitshintshiweyo leSitok-Off) Isitishi sokuSusa ukuSiza + Naluphina olunye Ulwabiwo-mali olufunyenwe kwiSitto-Off Off + Imarike okanye ukuThengiswa koLwabiwo lwazo naziphi na iziqinisekiso ezikhutshwe kuyo nayiphi na i-Stocks
------------------- Yahlula ngo- ---------------
Ixabiso lokuqala leSiseko
Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana neemeko zeeNgcaciso siza kubhalela emva kwinqaku, ungaphetha ukuba wenze amanqaku amaninzi kwiinkampani ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu ukubala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubuyisela isabelo sakho sonke.
Ukuziphatha: Musa ukuthemba ityati yesitokethi. Utyalo-mali olubukeka ngathi bekungaphumeleli lunokuba luyenze imali. Uvavanyo lwamatyala ndilisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamanye imibhalo i-Eastman Kodak. Ngaphandle kokuphela kwinkantolo yebhanki, umnikazi wexesha elide wayenokuphindaphinda kabini imali yakhe emva kokuphendula ngokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yezahlulelo kunye nokwahlukana kweekhemikhali ezachithwa kwishishini elizimeleyo.
Kwaye ndasebenzisa elinye iqela elimele iqela le-blue chip stocks ukubonisa ukuba inani eliphilileyo lokubuyisela ixabiso lempahla libuyisela yedwa kwaye iziphumo zihlala zimangalisa abantu.
I-Total Forholder Return Formula esebenzisiweyo kwiNgxelo zonyaka zihlukile
Inkqubo epheleleyo yokubuyisela inxaxheba yenkampani yokubambisa inxaxheba kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zonyaka, ingxelo ye- 10-K , okanye isitatimende se-proxy esahlukileyo. Kuthi na ukuba loo mifanekiso yetshukumo yokubuyisela inxaxheba efuna ukuphendulwa ngumbuzo othi, "Ingakanani imali enokuthi umtyalo-mali enze ukuba, ngeminyaka eli-1, iminyaka emi-5, iminyaka eyi-10 kunye neminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, uthenge i-stock yethu, kwaye wabuyisela kwakhona zonke izabelo? " Isilinganiselo sokubuyisela inani elilinganayo libalwe kwiqela leontanga lenkampani (abakhuphiswano, kwiimeko ezininzi) kunye ne-S & P 500 yesitampu sorhwebo lwemali ukubonisa isihlobo phezu / ngaphantsi komsebenzi.
Nazi iindawo eziMali eziMali eziNinzi zeNkxaso-mali yabanini
Ngokomlando, ukubuyiselwa kwabanini-mali kubalwe yimithombo embalwa:
- Iintlawulo zeNtengo: Xa uthengela isitoko ngentengo enye kwaye iyaxabisa, umehluko uyaziwa njengenzuzo enkulu. Kuba amancinci amancinci amashishini angakaze ahlawule iindleko okanye akhuphe isahlulo se-stock, le yintloko, eyona nto yodwa, imvelaphi yokubuya kwenani-mali. Inkampani ye- Warren Buffett , iBerkshire Hathaway , iwela kulolu hlobo. Izabelo zeenkampani zithengisa nge-$ 8 kuma-1960 kwaye namhlanje, kwiminyaka engama-50 kamva, zixabisa ngaphezu kwe-217,000 kwi-nganye.
- Ukwahlula: Xa inkampani ivelisa imali engenayo , abameli beenini (abagcini-zimpahla) abajongene nokuqeshisa nokuphathwa kwabaqhubi kunye nokugqiba imiba ephambili, eyaziwa njengebhodi yabalawuli , banokugqiba isigqibo sokuba bathathe enye yale mali baze bayithumele uphumelele, okanye udibanise kwi-akhawunti ye-akhawunti yabanini-zimpahla, ukuze bafumane iziqhamo zengozi yabo yemali. Le mali ibhekiselwa kuyo njengesahlulo. Kwimibutho emikhulu, inenzuzo, izabelo ziye zaboniswa ngokwezemfundo kuba ngumqhubi oyintloko malunga nazo zonke iindleko zabanini-mali abahlaziyayo .
- Ukukhutshwa kwee-Off-Offs: Xa ishishini ligqiba ukutyhala iyunithi okanye umsebenzi ongahambisani neenjongo zayo, akuqhelekanga ukuba incediso ibe yoshishino lwayo lwabiwo-wonke, ukuthengisela abanikazi bezabelo njengento ekhethekileyo yokusabalalisa. Ezi zitshixo zokuhamba ziyakwazi ukuba yiminye imithombo engabonakaliyo yokubuyiswa kwabanini-mali abahlala belibalekile ngabatyalomali okanye kwiincwadana zeendaba. Cinga ngee-Sears, i-giant chip giant esisodwa, esivela yinto yesithunzi sayo sokuqala ukuba abanye bakholelwa ukuba kulungele ukutshatyalaliswa. Isatidi yesitokisi yenza ukuba kubonakale sengathi bekuyeke ukuphela, okubuhlungu ukuhla kwelasha kwaphela iminyaka elishumi okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, i-Sears iye yahlula amaninzi amaninzi, kwaye ezinye zezo zigaba, zaza zazitshintsha zona, ukuba umnini weeSears wabelana ngokuqinisekileyo ekubetheni i- S & P 500 ukususela ekuqaleni kwee-1990 nangona i-Sears stock itself ibonisa ilahleko ezinkulu. Kungenxa yokuba i-akhawunti yakho yomrhweba iya kugqitywa ngobunini benkampani enkulu ye-inshorensi ehlabathini jikelele (AllState), enye yeyona nkampani enkulu yokucwangcisa amakhadi kunye neenkampani zokubonelela ngemali mboleko ehlabathini (Fumana i-Financial), enye yeyona mali Iibhanki kwihlabathi (uMorgan Stanley), abanye abathengisi beeNdawo zokuThengiswa kweeNtloko, iiSears Canada, i-Sears Store Store, ne-End-End), kwaye, ukuba amahemuhemu ayenzeka ukuba abe yinyaniso, kunokukho imisebenzi, mhlawumbi ihlelwe njenge- REIT . Intlawulo yesabelo sabanini-mali iyabamba yonke into.
- Ukuhlawulwa kwakhona okanye ukuthengwa kwee-Buyout: Isakhiwo semali yebhanki ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho lweemeko kunye nabanini banokunyusa ubutyebi babo ngokuguqula isakhiwo semali esele sikhona, ukukhulula ubulungisa obubanjwe kwishishini. Le mali esanda kukhululeka, ithathe indawo yesikweletu esincinci, ithunyelwa ngaphandle komnyango kubanikazi, abanokuchitha, ukugcina, ukunikela, isipho, okanye ukuyibuyisela kwakhona kodwa bayakubona kufanelekile.
Kwiminyaka embalwa yemilinganiselo yokutshitshisa i-low-century elandelayo emva kweRest Recession ngo-2008-2009, enye yeyona hotele enkulu kunazo zonke i-hotelers emhlabeni jikelele, i-Choice Hotels International, yagqiba ukuboleka imali eninzi kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu. ngaxeshanye bahlawula ixesha elilodwa lokusabalalisa. Oku kwaba nefuthe lokuguqula i -rate-to-equity ratio kunye nokuvumela abanikazi ukuba bakhiphe ezinye zabo zokutshala imali ngaphandle kweshishini ngelixa bebanandipha inzuzo efanayo. Esikhundleni se-$ 0.185 yesabelo ngasinye ngesahlulo sesahlulo sekota, Agasti ka-Agasti ka-2012 yayiyimali eyi-10.41.
Ngo-Matshi 24, 2015, izabelo zikaKraft Foods zavalwa nge-61.33. Ngaphambi kokuba imarike yemasheya ivule ngomhla olandelayo, kwaziswa ukuba kwakhiwa ishishini elitsha ukuze uKraft adibanise noHeinz. Abanini-zimali baseKraft bahlonyelwe ukuba bafumane i-49% yoshishino elitsha, ngelixa abanikezeli-zimali baseHeinz beza kufumana i-51% yoshishino elitsha. Ngokukhawuleza, ukulinganisa ixabiso leefestile, iqela emva kwecebo elicwangcisiweyo lokufaka imali yeebhiliyoni ezili-10 kwimali yabo kwishishini kunokuhlawula i-$ 16.50 yexesha elilodwa kwi-share share cash to Kraft stockholders. Leyo yimali yangempela, emele malunga nama-27% exabiso lentengo ngomhla wokuvala wangaphambili.
Inxalenye ephambili malunga nokubuyiswa kwemali okanye ukuthengwa kwempahla kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abaphathi banokufumana indlela yokuba baphathwe njengento ebizwa ngokuthi "ukubuyiselwa kwenkunzi" ngoko ke akukho ntlawulo kwintlawulo ethunyelwe kuwe! - Ukwabiwa kweMvume: Nangona bebuyele ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leengxaki zemboleko, ukunikezelwa kwemvume yesitokhwe kungabonakaliyo kule mini kunye neminyaka. Ngezihlandlo ezindala (cinga iintsuku zabalimi-zimali ezifana nabakwaGenjamin Graham ), amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha amaqumrhu angenza iziqinisekiso kwaye awanikezele kubanikezeli bempahla. Ezi zimvume ziziphatha njengezikhetho zentengiso - zanikezela umnini-lungelo ilungelo, kodwa akayibophelelo, ukuthenga izabelo ezongezelelweyo kwixabiso elithe ngqo kwixesha elithile-kodwa xa bezisebenzisa, inkampani ngokwayo izashicilela izatifikethi ezintsha ze-stock and zonyusa inani elipheleleyo lezabelo ezingekhoyo, ukuthatha intlawulo ye-warrant yenkxaso-mali. Abaqulunqi abafuna ukubamba ezi ziqinisekiso, ukugembula ekunyuseni kwintengo yempahla kunye nokwazi ukuba baya kuzuza ngokungafaniyo xa izinto zihamba, bafuna ukuzithengela ezi zinto kubanini-zimpahla, abaninzi babo banokuba nemali namhlanje kunokuba banako ukuthenga ngaphezulu isitoreji ngentengo ekhethiweyo. Umnini unako ukugqiba isigqibo sokuba athathe iimvume zakhe aze azithengise, ahlawule imali okanye ayisebenzise ukuthenga ezinye izabelo zesitokhi esifanayo. Enye enye imvelaphi yokubuya kwenani labanini-mali elingabonakali kwisatriki esitokisini ngqo.
Umzekelo weRhafu yoBanini bemali yokuBala kwi-Real Chip Chip Stock
Ndakhawuleza ndibhale isiqwenga esiphendule imbuyekezo yembali yePepsiCo malunga nobomi bam. Ndakhangela oko kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umtyalo-mali uthenge ama-2,300 amashishini (ndandifuna ukuyigcina ngokulula ngokubambelela ekuthiwa ngamaqashiso ajikelezileyo, oko kuthetha nje iibhloko ezili-100 ngelo xesha) ngomhla wokuzalwa kwam. Kuya kuba neendleko ezimalunga nama-102,074 ama-$ 102,074 ukugqiba loo mveliso emva kwawo-1980.
Isreyiti yesitokisi sePepsiCo senza ukuba kubonakale ukuba isithuba, esilandelayo isahlulo sesithathu-i-3-for-1 yahlukana ngoMeyi 28, 1986, i-3-for-1 yahlula ngoSeptemba 4, 1990, kunye ne-2-for- 1 ukwahlukana ngoMeyi 28, 1996 - bekuya kuba iinguqu ezingama-2,300 zibe ngamawaka angama-41,400. Oko bekuya kufaka ixabiso kwi-$ 4,098,600 ngelo xesha ndibhale iposi.
Ingxaki? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela ukubuyiswa kwabanikazi benani-mali kuba imithombo emithathu yokudalwa kwengcebo eyongeziweyo yayingabandakanywa, ingabonakali kwiintlobo ezininzi zeedatshana.
- Kule minyaka engama-32+ edluleyo, i-PepsiCo yayikuhlawula i-$ 1,058,184 kwiingeniso zemali eziqokelelwayo.
- Ngo-Oktobha 6, 1998, i-PepsiCo yahlula isahlulo sayo sokutyela, i-franchises ene-franchises efana ne-KFC, iTaco Bell kunye ne-Pizza Hut, ngokukhupha ibhizinisi elibizwa ngokuba yiTricon Global Restaurants. Umtyalomali uza kufumana ibhloko lokuqala lama-4,410 izabelo ezahlukana 2-ukuya-1 ngoJuni 18, 2002, kwaye kwakhona, ngowama-2 ukuya ku-1 ngoJuni 27, 2007. Oku kuya kubangelwa ukugcina ii-16,560 izabelo zeYum! Amashishini (ishishini latshintshe igama layo), elilinokubaluleka kwexabiso lemarike enye enye i-$ 1,354,608.
- Ngaphezulu kweli, Yum! Amaxabiso ahlawula igalelo leemali eziqokelelwayo ze-148 148,709 kwizabelo zayo.
Udibeneyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umtyalo-mali wePepsiCo wayenayo imali engaphezulu kwe-2,561,501 eyimali engaphezulu kwe-$ 4,098,600 kuma-PepsiCo amasheya - malunga nemali engama- 63% . Ukuba loo nto ayikuqinisekisi ukuba ukubuyela ngokupheleleyo kukubaluleke kakhulu, akukho nto iya kuyenza.