Indlela i-Cryptocurrencies ishintshela ngayo iNgxowa-mali yokukhuliswa kweeNkampani ezintsha
I-intanethi ye-intanethi yabona iinkampani ezininzi ezazingekho ngaphantsi kweengcamango ezibandakanya amandla okubuchwepheshe be-intanethi, ukukwazi ukufumana indlela yazo ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yenkxaso-mali kwaye yabonakala (kwaye ezininzi, zanyamalalala ngokukhawuleza) kwi- NASDAQ ngokwamashishini athe nawuphi na umtyalo-mali zithenge (kwaye ziphumelele okanye zilahleke ngendlela enkulu).
IMakethi yeMali kunye ne-IPO
Iimarike ezinkulu zeWall Street sele ziyeyona ndlela iinkampani ezithathileyo zokunyusa imali kunye nokuvuza abo batyali kunye nabadali bale nkampani ngokulingana okanye iminikelo yematyala. Ukusebenza namafemu afana neGoldman Sachs kunye noMerrill Lynch kuye kwindlela ekhethiweyo abaye bayithatha ukuba benze le minikelo ekhoyo kuluntu jikelele. Ngalobu buhlobo kunye nokunyaniseka kwebhanki lokutsalwa kwebhanki, iinkampani ezintsha zinikezela i-stock yabo kuluntu ngamaxabiso kunye nemali ejongene nomdla woluntu kula maxabiso amasha.
Amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha le-intanethi kunye ne-teknoloji, iintsuku ezabelwana ngazo ekuqaleni ziyakwazi ukunyuka okwenyukayo kwindleko 'yomnikelo wokuqala kawonkewonke' ekugqibeleni uyabavuza abo batyali-mali bamashishini abucala kwinkampani, abadali beenkampani kunye nabo batyali-mali babe nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukufumana isitoko kwi-stockbroker phambi kokuthengiswa koluntu.
Ukubekwa kwe-IPO, okanye umnikelo wokuqala woluntu, kwiimarike kuye kwindlela indlela umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo anako ukufumana iinkampani ezikhulayo eziphezulu ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Google. Ukongezelela, bekukho abanye abaninzi abatyali-mali phambi kwabo abaye bavuzwa kakuhle ngenxa yengozi abayithathile kule nkampani ngaphambi kokuba bahambe esidlangalaleni.
Ingelosi kunye nabaTyalo-mali
Ngaphambi kokuhamba esidlangalaleni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo xa iinkampani zingekho nje ngcamango, oomashishini bafikelela "kwiingelosi abatyala" ukuphakamisa imali yokuqala kwiingcamango zabo. "Iingelosi abatyala imali" ngokuqhelekileyo "abatyalo-mali abasemthethweni" abacebileyo kwaye bafanele imigaqo ebonisa ukuba batyala-mali "abanokusingatha" ukulahlekelwa kwemali.
Njengoko uninzi lwaloo mali-mali luqala ukulahlekelwa yimali kwaye aluzange luyenze kwi-IPO okanye nokuba yinyani yokuguqula inzuzo, iindwendwe-mali-mali kunye neefemu ezinkulu zentsebenzo zithatha ingozi enkulu kwithuba lokutshala kwiinkampani ezinokuzivuna i-fortune njengo-Uber, Tesla okanye i-Amazon.
Ukuchongwa kwaba batyali-mali ngokuthi "abatyali-mali abaqinisekisiweyo" yindlela ekhusela inkampani kwaye ikwazisa umtyalomali weengozi ezinxulumene nale mali. Kwakhona yindlela egcina umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo ukuba angabikho kwezi nqanaba zokuqala zenkxaso-mali, xa kunenzuzo enkulu enokuba yintyala-mali. Ikwaqinisa kwakhona i-adage yakudala ethi "imali iya kwimali."
Ukukhula 'kweCrowdfunding'
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, indlela entsha yokubandakanyeka kwinkxaso-mali yokuqalisa inkampani yaqala ukuvula kuphela izityala zokutshala imali kubanini-mali abatyalileyo, kodwa yavumela abaninzi oomashishini ukuba "baqhube phambili" kwiingcamango zabo ngeemali.
Ukudalwa kwe "crowdfunding" kuye kwavumela abatyala-mali abaqhelekileyo ukuba babeke iimali-mali kwiingcamango kunye nemveliso abazivelayo ezifunekayo kwaye banokubonelela ngomvuzo kulaba batyala-mali. Ngoku abatyali-mali abanomdla banako ukufumana amava abo "i-Shark Tank" kunye nokukhetha iingcamango zoshishino kunye nethuba lokufaka imali kunye nenzuzo kubo.
Imveliso emitsha, iinkampani, kunye neefilimu kunye neeprojekthi zomculo ziye zaxhaswa ngemali kweli shaneli. Ukukhula kwe "crowdfunding" kuhamba phambili kwizinto eziza kuthi ziza kudlula i-capital venture njengomthombo oyintloko wemali kwiinkampani ezintsha.
NgoMeyi ka-2016, uMthetho we-Jumpstart wethu wokuqalisa ukuShishini (JOBS) wawusetyenziselwa ukuqonda ubuninzi bezoqoqosho kunye nokubonelela ngezikhokelo kunye nemimiselo yabatyalomali ukuba badlale indima enkulu kwiinkampani zokuqalisa iimali.
Nangona kukho imali engenayo kunye nemigangatho emitsha yokubaluleka njengenxalenye yoMthetho, ayanqandeki kunokuba "malunga nabatyalo-mali abavunyelweyo" kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo uvumela indlela elula yokuba iinkampani zifumane enye indlela yokuxhaswa kwemali.
IiNkozo zokuQala zokuQala (iiCo)
Ezi ziphuhliso kwiinkxaso zenye iimbono kunye neenkampani azilahlekanga kwinto enokuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokutshintshela inkqubo yethu yezemali, okuyiyo ukukhula kwee-cryptocurrencies kunye nezinye iindleko ze-digital. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, abo "kweli hlabathi" lobuninzi be-cryptocurrency ezifana ne-bitcoin kunye ne-blockchain ubuchwepheshe baye bakwazi ukutshala kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba "yiminikelo yokuqala yemali" okanye ii-ICO.
Zifana ne-IPO kuba imali ye-investments yasekuqaleni kula ma-ICO asetyenziselwa ukuxhaswa ngemali yokuqalisa okanye iprojekthi entsha, kwaye emva kokuxhaswa kwemali, "iingqekembeza" ezidalwe zifumaneke ngokutshintshiselana apho ziyakwazi ukurhweba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwazo kuthengwe okokuqala. Yaye unokucinga ezininzi zee mali zemali njengoko zifaniswa nokulingana kwinkampani eqhelekileyo.
Kukho ii-ICO ezininzi ezenziwe ngaphambili kwaye ukususela ekubeni isenzo se-JOBS senzeke. Enye ye-ICO ephumelele ibe yi-$ 18.5 yezigidi eziphakanyisiweyo zemali eyenziwe ngu-Ethereum. Inkampani yenze ukuthengiswa, ngokuba uphawu lwazo olubizwa ngokuthi ngu-Ether ukuphakamisa imali ye-teknoloji kunye neprosoftware, eyona ndlela ibangela phambili kwiBitcoin kwaye inikezela iqonga le-blockchain apho iinkampani ezininzi zizalisekisa izicelo zazo. Ixabiso le-Ether lakhuphuke ngo-1000% ukususela kwi-ICO yalo kwaye liqhubeka liyintandokazi yabatyalo-mali be-cryptocurrency.
Omnye ophumelele ngaphantsi kwe-ICO ukuphakama kwe-ICO yezigidi ezingama-180 ze-DAO. Ukubonwa njengetyenziso olunamandla lwetheknoloji ye-blockchain eyadala inhlangano ekhoyo eyovota ekudalweni kwezicelo ezintsha kwi-tekhnoloji, ngokukhawuleza yatshutshiswa emva kokudalwa kwayo. Le ngcingo yayidinga "iforki ekhuni" esuka kwi-Ethereum eyabangela ingxoxo enkulu phakathi komphakathi we-cryptocurrency kodwa eyabuyisela imali eninzi kwi-ICO.
Ukudalwa okuqhubekayo kwama-ICO ukuxhasa i-blockchain entsha kunye neeprojekti zemali zedijithali kubonakala kwinyani ukuba kukho i-cryptocurrencies engaphezu kwama-800 ngoku ngoku thengisa kwiintengiso emhlabeni jikelele. Uninzi lwezi currenti lubukrelekrele kunye nexabiso lentengiso yeenkampani kwixesha le-intanethi ezifana nePet.com kunye neencwadi-A-Million, ezanyuka kwixabiso leenkwenkwezi ngexesha le-dot-com boom kwaye ezingenanto.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinjongo ezininzi ezinokuthi ii-ICO zixhaswe ngemali ezinika ixabiso kubaqali-mali bokuqala kunye neenkampani ezikhulayo. I-Factom ngumzekelo wenkampani ephumelelayo efuna inkxaso-mali yexesha elide kunye ne-ICO kunye nelayini ebizwa ngokuthi iBnktotheFuture, enika indlela abatyala-mali abafanelekileyo abanokuzifaka ngayo kwezo zombini ii-ICO kunye nokulingana neenkampani kwi-blockchain kunye ne-bitcoin space. Emva kwenkxaso-mali yokuqala kwi-BnktotheFuture, inkxaso-mali yesibini ngokusebenzisa i-Round round yenze imiphumo emihle kulabo abatyala imali kwangaphambili kunye nexabiso le-FCT imali yabo ikhule ngaphezu kwelo xesha.
Ukudala ii-ICO ezintsha ngokukhawuleza
Omnye wabakhuthaza kakhulu ekusebenziseni ii-ICO ukuxhaswa iinkampani ezintsha kunye neengcamango nguRonny Boesing, oqhuba iCalin Coin Offer Openerger (ICOO). I-ICOO ngokwenene ithokheni ye-crypto (ithengiswe nge-platform yeCCDEK / OpenLedger platform) kwaye yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Crowdfunding 3.0" imodeli evumela ukuba amashishini enze i-ICO ukuxhaswa ingcamango yabo kunye nootyalo-mali ukuba bafumane inzuzo kule amathokheni.
Ingcamango ye-Boesing iyingqayizivele njengoko ichaza ukuba xa " Utyalo-mali kwi-ICOO, ukwenza imali-mali kuyo yonke i-ICO eyenziwe kwi-CCEDK ingaba i-ICO yangaphambili iqalise okanye i-ICO kwi-OpenLedger. " Kuye kuthelekiswa ne-DAO kuloo inikeza inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kwezo zicelo kufuneka ziphunyezwe phantsi kwengqiqo yakhe. Ukukhwabanisa kulindela " ii-ICO ngenyanga " kwaye uvakalelwa kukuba " ngokukhetha okulungileyo," ngale nkqubo, " kukho ithuba elihle lokuba umtyalo-zimali we-ICOO uya kuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukubaluleka kokubamba le fom ."
" Awuzuzi kuphela kuba ngumtyalomali kwii-ICO ezininzi, " Ukukhwabanisa kubonisa, "y okanye unomnini weempawu zokufumana iifayile ezisuka kwingeniso yeCCEDK eyenza kunye neenkonzo ze-ICO zokubhalisa ezixhunyiwe kwi-ICO nganye . "U
Ngokuthatha indlela entsha yokusebenza kwii-ICO kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokwenza isigqibo ebonakala isebenza, ukukhupha ikwazi ukuzisa izicelo ezifana ne-Obits, HEAT, ne-DOAHub kwiimarike. Ukubhukuda kubonakala kubume kakuhle ukuqhubeka nokwandisa iqonga le-"crowdfunding" kunye nama-ICO kumathuba amaninzi okudala indalo kunye nethuba lokutyalomali.
Ukungaqiniseki nokuhlalutya kuyadingeka!
Nangona i-ICO ingaba yindlela ephumelelayo yeenkampani ezintsha zokudalwa, ukukhulisa nokuvuza abahlawuli-mali basakhulayo, zidinga umthamo ophilileyo wokungabaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba umtyalo-mali makangacingi nje ukuba angene kwi-ICO ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni okuphezulu okungenzeka kukho kule ndawo. Masingalilibala i-dot-com kunye neenkampani ezifana ne-Pets.com.
Naliphina utyalo-mali kwi-ICO kufuneka lwenziwe ngokunyamekela okufanayo kunye nokuhlalutya ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba nayiphi na imali-mali ekumele ibe nayo. I-ICO kufuneka ibe nokuhlaziywa kwemali kunye nokuhlalutya okwakubonakala kuyinyani kwaye yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ikomiti ehambelana ne-ICO kunye nenkampani yayo kufuneka ihlolwe ngombono wokufumana izakhono zolawulo olufanelekileyo phakathi kweqela kunye nokubandakanyeka okudlulileyo kunye ne-ICO ezidlulileyo kwaye zixabiswa kunye nabadlali abahloniphekileyo kule ndawo. Oku akubandakanyi nje kuphela abasebenzi abachanekileyo kodwa uluhlu lwabacebisi ngokunjalo.
Emva kokuba umtyalo-mali enze utyalo-mali kwi-ICO, kukho izicelo ezininzi ezivumela ukuba ziqhubeke nokulandelela ukusebenza kwale ii-ICO. Enye yezona zinto zingcono kakhulu yiLawnmower.io, inesicelo esiphezulu esingahambi nje kuphela ngexabiso lokukhungulwa kwezinto zokuthengisa, kodwa linikeza uphando olucacisiweyo nolwaziweyo kwiinkcitho ezininzi ezikhokelayo.
Kungenxa yokuba ngoku kukho indlela elula yokutshala imali, kwaye inokungenelwa kwenkxaso-mali yangaphambili yeenkampani nge-ICOs akuthethi ukuba umtyalo-mali makabeke ukulinda kwaye atyala imali ngokungenangxaki kule mali. Naliphi na ixesha utyalole imali yakho eyimali enzima kwi-investment, nokuba isitokisini okanye i-ICO, ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlalutya kuyadingeka. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ulwazi lokuvavanya utyalo-mali olufana ne-ICO lufumaneka kwaye kufuneka lubonisane ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imali inziweyo.
QAPHELA: iTatar ingummeli-mali-mali kwiintlobo zokuqala kunye nee-ICO eziquka i-Lawnmower ne-Factom.