Yiyiphi Iminyaka Eyeshumi Elilahlekileyo YaseJapane Esingasifundisa Ngayo Ngeengxaki zezeMali
Yintoni Yayibangela Iminyaka Eyishumi Elahlekileyo YaseJapane?
Uninzi lweengxaki zezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza lulandela ukuhluma kwezoqoqosho apho ukulinganiswa kunqanyulwa kwizinto eziyinyani. Ngokomzekelo, umgca we-dot-com kunye neRest Recession e-United States ngokukhawuleza walandela irekhodi le-stock market yase-US.
Ngokufanayo, iiminyaka ezili-10 ezilahlekileyo zaseJapane zibangelwa ukucingwa ngexesha lokujikeleza. Iirhafu zentengo ephantsi-mboleko zenze iimakethe zoshishino kunye neengcamango zendawo yokuhlala ezithumele ukulinganiswa kwazo zonke ii-1980. Ubungakanani benkampani kunye noluntu ngaphezu kophindwe kathathu ukuya kwindawo apho imitha yesithathu yemitha kufuphi ne-Imperial Palace yathengiswa ngama-600,000.
Ebona ukuba i-bubble yayingasenakulondolozwa, iNkonzo yezeMali yaseJapan iphakanyise amazinga omdla ukuba azame ukugxotha. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwemarike yemasheya kunye neengxaki zematyala, njengoko ababolekisi behluleka ukuhlawula iintlawulo ezininzi kwiingxowa ezininzi ezixhaswa yi-asethi.
Ekugqibeleni, imiba yabonakala kwiingxaki zebhanki ezikhokelela ekudibaniseni kunye neendlela ezininzi zokurhweba karhulumente .
IJapan Elilahlekileyo Iminyaka Engama-Detailed
Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kokuqala koqoqosho, uqoqosho lwaseJapan lwathunyelwa kwixesha elidlulileyo elinamhlanje elilahlekileyo, apho ukunyusa koqoqosho kwancipha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Izwe lifumana ukukhula okuphantsi kunye nokuchasana ngeli xesha, ngelixa iimarike zamasitoreji zazo zifihla kufuphi neefowuni zeempahla kunye nemarike yayo yepropati ayiyi kubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kumazinga angaphambili.
U-Economist uPaul Krugman uxela i-decade elahlekileyo kubathengi nakwiinkampani ezilondoloze kakhulu kwaye zenze ukuba uqoqosho luphucise. Ezinye i-economics zibeka isohlwayo kwilizwe labantu basebekhulile kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali- okanye zombini-ukwenzela ukuncipha. Ngokukodwa, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kweBhanki yaseJapan (BOJ) ukungenelela kwindawo yemarike kusenokuba kwandisa ingxaki. Inyani le nto kukuba ezininzi zezi zinto zingabangela inxaxheba kwiminyaka elishumi elahlekileyo.
Ukulandela le nkathazo, abaninzi abemi baseJapan baphendule ngokugcina ngaphezulu kunye nokuchitha ngaphantsi, okwakunempembelelo embi kwixabiso elibanzi. Oku kwafaka isandla kwiingcinezelo ezichasayo ezikhuthaza ukuba abathengi baqhubele phambili ukugcina imali, okwakubangele ukuqhubela phambili .
IJapan elilahlekileyo iminyaka elishumi nxamnye neCrisis Crisis yo-2008
Iingcali ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye neengcali zezezimali zifanisa iJapan ezilahlekileyo ezilishumi kwiimeko zase-US emva koxinzelelo lwebhanki ka-2008. Kuzo zombini iimeko, ukucatshulwa kwanikezela i-real estate kunye nama- bubbles emakethe e-stock market ekugqibeleni ephazamise kwaye ekhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwamashishini karhulumente. Ubume boqoqosho bobabini baphendula ngokuthembisa ukunyusa imali yokuchitha imali ukuze kulwa nokuchaswa.
Kukho ixesha eliphakathi kuka-2000 no-2009 e-US uye wabizwa ngokuba yiminyaka elishumi elahlekileyo , ekubeni ukufuduka kwezinto ezimbini ezinzulu ekuqaleni nokuphela kwexesha kubangele ukufumana inzuzo emninzi kumakhaya amaninzi.
Ukunciphisa amanqabileyo kwixabiso lempahla kunye neemarike ezithengiswayo zenzeke ekulahlekelweni okukhulu, kubandakanywa ukusebenza kwe-S & P 500 eyona nto ibenzileyo iminyaka eyi-10 ngokubuya kwe-9.1%.
Nangona kukho ukufana, kukho ezinye iimeko ezahlukileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ukuhlala kwabantu baseJapan kwakuyinxalenye enkulu ekubambeni kwabo, xa i-US igcina inani labantu abaninzi kunye nabasebenzi abancinci abangena emsebenzini. I- US Federal Reserve nayo ishesha ngokukhawuleza ukuba isebenze kuneBhanki yaseJapan.
Izifundo Ezifunyenwe Kwiminyaka Eyishumi Elilahlekileyo YaseJapan
Iiminyaka ezili-10 ezilahlekileyo zaseJapan zinike izifundo ezininzi zezoqoqosho. Abanye bezoqoqosho baphikisana naluphi na ukungenelela kwinqanaba leebhanki eziphambili , balwela ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo zikhokelela kwiingozi zokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zexesha elide. Kodwa abanye bathi ukungenelela kufuneka kuthathe iimarike ngokumangalisa ngokwexesha kunye nobubanzi.
Ezinye zezifundo eziphambili zilandelayo:
- Mthetho ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamisa ubunzima. Ibhanki yaseJapan ukungafuni ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kubangele inkxalabo yokuzithemba phakathi kwabatyalo-mali kwaye mhlawumbi iyenze ingxaki enkulu.
- Ukuchitha imali akuyiyo impendulo. Imizamo yaseJapan yokuchitha kwiiprojekthi zomsebenzi woluntu ayiphumelelanga ngokukodwa ekuncedeni ukuba ibuyele ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yayo yezoqoqosho.
- Inani labantu. Ukungafuneki kweJapan ukuphakamisa umhlala-phantsi wakhe wekhefu okanye irhafu kuye kwakunceda ekuphuculeni iingxaki zabantu.
- Musa ukukhwela amatyala. Amanqanaba amakhulu aseJapan ahlawulwa ngamatyala ekugqibeleni ayenaxanduva lweengxaki zakhe kunye neminyaka elahlekileyo, kwaye i-BOJ yayingemva kwekhalo ekukhuliseni inzala.
Amaphuzu athathweyo
- Iiminyaka ezili-10 zaseJapan ezilahlekileyo zibangelwa ukuqiqa ngokugqithiseleyo ngexesha loxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho olukhokelela kwingxaki yamatyala kunye nexesha elide lokuhlaselwa emva kwebhola.
- Iminyaka elahlekileyo ifana ne-2008 ye-US Inkathazo yezemali ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ezinye iintlukwano zibalulekile ukuqwalasela.
- Izifundo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zingafundwa kwiiminyaka ezili-10 ezilahlekileyo zaseJapan, ezivela kwizizathu ezibangela izixazululo ezinokwenzeka.