Nangona akukho nto ikhona, i-Great Stocks yenza i-Characteristics
Into endiyithakazelisayo kuyo ifumana ubunini bunini njengoko ndinako kwiqoqo elibanzi lamashishini amangalisayo; iifemu ezinika umvuzo, umyeni wam, kunye nosapho kunye nesabelo sethu sokuthengisa kunye nenzuzo evela kwishishini elivelisayo elivelisayo . Ukusebenzisa umxholo oya kuqhelaniswa nolunye uxabiso lwabatyalomali, sifuna ukwenza imali ngokufumana amashishini, kungekhona ngokuqashisa amasheya.
Ngako oko, sichitha ixesha elininzi lethu sifuna iindidi zamashishini esifuna ukuzifumana, ngokulinda-ngamanye amaxesha ekupheleni kweminyaka - ukuba zifumaneke kwixabiso esicinga ukuba likhangayo. Sithenga ke size sihlale kuwo.
Kuba abatyali-mali abatsha abangenawo amava okuvavanya amashishini ahlukeneyo, ndacinga ukuba kunokuba luncedo ukudala uluhlu olutshanje, oluphezulu lokutshekisha okubonelela ngolu hlobo oluthile lwezinto endizijongayo xa ndifuna iinkampani ndifuna ukuzenza. Nangona bengesiqinisekisi sempumelelo - inkolelo, inkampani inokufumana zonke ezi zinto kwaye ziqhubeke ziphawulwa ngenxa yesiganeko esincinci-siyindawo enhle ukuqala xa uzama ukuchonga iimpahla ezivelisayo ofuna ukuhlawula amaxabiso kuwe iminyaka ezayo.
Nazi izinto ezintandathu ezithandayo.
Iimpawu ezithandathu zibonakalisa isitokethi mhlawumbi sibe yixesha elide loTyalo-mali
1. Unokuchaza ngokulula, kwiimvakalisi ezimbalwa, ukuba inkampani yenza njani imali.
Unokumangaliswa ukuba bangaphi na abatshali-mali abangenalwazi abanomngcipheko onobuchule obunzima bokuthenga ubunikazi kwishishini abangayiqondi.
Naliphi na ixesha uthabatha i-checkbook yakho okanye, kule mihla, udlulisele imali kwi- akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi , i- Roth IRA , i- akhawunti yokugcinwa kwe-akhawunti , okanye enye i-akhawunti ye-investment-ukuthenga izabelo zenkampani, kufuneka ukwazi ukuchaza, ngesiNgesi esilula, kumfundi esikolweni esiprayimari ngokungaphantsi kwezivakalisi ezimbalwa nje indlela inkampani eyenza ngayo inzuzo yayo. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuthetha ngeenjongo ezinkulu zeendleko. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlola umenzi wevili, iindleko zeerubha kunye nezinye izinto zenza umbandela. Ukuba uhlolisisa inkampani yokuthutha, iindleko zepetroli ziba ngxaki.
2. Inkampani ikhiqiza ubuyekezelo obuphezulu kwimali-ntlawulo engenakuncipha.
Ikhono eligqwesileyo lenkampani ukuvelisa ubuyisele kubanikazi balo bexesha elide emva kweminyaka emininzi liya kugqitywa ngokubuyela kwixabiso eliyinkunzi elivelisayo. Amashishini afanelekileyo akhiqiza ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kwixabiso elingenamali ngaphandle kwemfuneko yezinto ezininzi, okanye nayiphi na enye, ebolekelwe imali . Esikhundleni saloo nto, bayimishini yokunyathelisa inzuzo ekhupha imali abanikazi abanokuyikhupha ngaphandle kokulimaza ishishini eliphambili. Kule nyaniso yeyona nto iyimfihlelo yesizathu sokuba kutheni amashishini athile athile ukuvelisa isabelo esingenasiphelo sotyalo-mali oluphumelele ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-25 + .
Utywala, ucuba, uhlamba iimpahla, isonka, isitroleta ... okwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, ishishini kwindawo enjengaleyo inokwenza imali eninzi ngaphandle kokuba ihlale isenza iindleko ezinkulu ngeendlela ezifunekayo.
3. Iinkampani okanye iinkonzo zenkampani zinomnye uhlobo oluncedo lokukhuphisana.
Uninzi lwabantu alukhathaleli ukuba yeyiphi i-brand of screw abayifumanayo kwisitoreji se-hardware yendawo okanye apho umlimi akhula khona ingqolowa. Banyamekela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaba ivenkile elula ithwala ibha ye-candy okanye isiselo esithandayo; ingaba umrhwebi wesaphulelo sendawo uthengisa i-toothpaste okanye umlomo wabo. Kwiimeko apho abathengi banamathele ngokunyanisekileyo kwimveliso okanye kwinkonzo, umenzi okanye umniki-mboleko unakho ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu. Oku kukhokelela kwimpembelelo yempendulo apho zikhula khona, zifumane uqoqosho olungcono lwezinga, kwaye ke zivelise imali ethe xaxa.
Ukugqithiswa kwemali engaphezu kwemali kukuvumela ukuba bahlawule ukuthengiswa okwandisiweyo kunye neendlela ezintsha ezenza ukunyaniseka kweentengiso ngakumbi. Lo ngumjikelo onobungqina obunokuvelisa ubutyebi obuninzi kulabo abanesineke ngokwaneleyo ukungayihoxisi imarike yemasheya kwaye banamathele izatifikethi zabo zezitokhwe kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amahlanu.
Ingxaki enkulu kule nqanaba kukuba abatshali-mali abanamava bahlala bephosa i-hype yesikhashana kunye neenkampani ezinomgangatho okhuphisanayo wokuncintisana. Inkampani eyaziwayo ayifuni inzuzo ekhuselekileyo yokuncintisana. Inkampani eyenza ukukhula okuphezulu kwimali eyabelwe isabelo ngasinye ayinikezeli ithuba lokuncintisana ngokukhawuleza.
4. Ulawulo lwenkampani lunembali yokubeka iinjongo zabanini-zimali kuqala.
Unembali yokubuyisela imali engaphezulu kwemali ngokwemveliso yesicwangciso sokuthengwa kwesabelo kunye ne-dividends ekhulayo ngezinga elikhupheleyo kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwizoqoqosho.
Le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ndandibhala inqaku elibizwa ngokuba ngu- 7 Izimpawu zoLawulo lwabaSebenzi-abahlobo . Ingcaciso emfutshane yile: Ufuna ukuya kwishishini kunye nabaphathi abanomdla wakho entliziyweni. Ufuna ukuba zikhokelwe zizibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Ufuna ukuba bakhulise imimandla eyenza impumelelo yendlela usebenza ngayo kwenkampani, umnini, kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo njengabasebenzi.
Ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ambalwa kumsebenzi wam, ndifumene ishishini elinobungcali bezoqoqosho kuphela ukufumana abaphathi bahlasele isifuba samathoyizi ngamancedo angcolileyo, imivuzo eninzi kakhulu, okanye amaqhinga angathandabuzekiyo kunye namaziko ahlobene kunye nawo alawulwa amalungu osapho. Nguwe obeka ingozi ekulondolozeni kwakho okunzima. Nguwe ondoko xa yonke into iyawa. Ufanele ufumane isabelo sakho esilungileyo naluphi na uphumelelo olwakhiwe kwi-capital capital.
5. Ixabiso lemali yenkampani kunye nexabiso leshishini ngokumalunga nenzuzo engenayo lifanelekileyo.
Nokuba ibhishini elona lifanelekileyo kwihlabathi lingaba utyalo-mali olubi xa uhlawula phezulu ixabiso layo. Ngokukodwa, ixabiso ngokuqinisekileyo liyintlukwano ebalulekileyo kwixesha elide njengokuba ishishini elibi kakhulu lathengiweyo ngexabiso elaneleyo lingabangela ukuqokelela ubutyebi phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Enye yemithombo yam enqwenela uphando malunga nesi sihloko iphuma eWharton , apho omnye uprofesa wabonisa amandla okubuyiswa kweemali kwiinkampani ezazingagqithwanga ngonaphakade ngenxa yezoqoqosho. Nangona bengabonakali kakuhle njengebhizinisi elithengiweyo ngentengo elungileyo, isisifundo esibalulekileyo.
6. Inkampani inephepha elithile elinamandla elinokukuvumela ukuba lisinde kwiimeko ezinzima kwezoqoqosho okanye kweshishini.
Iziphepho zifikile, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka zifika, kwizoqoqosho kunye nakwiimarike ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziqhwithi ziza kunika isilumkiso ngaphambi kokubonakalisa nokuphazamisa ubomi bakho bezezimali. Enye indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko kukuba kugxininise ngokungabonakaliyo ukuqokelela kwamashishini aneemali eziyimfuneko ukuze aphile nakwiintsuku ezinzima kakhulu kwixesha elifana ne-1929-1933 ngaphandle kokukhupha isitokethi kwixabiso elidandathekileyo (apho, ngokwemeko yezoqoqosho, ixabiso kuwe, umnikazi omdala, kufuneka uthengise ubunikazi bakho ngokutshintshiselana nokukhupha imali).
Ngokuqinisekileyo, eli shishini liyakhula ngokukhawuleza okanye linike iqhezu lenkxalabo onokuyifumana kwamanye amashishini kodwa uya kuvuyisa ukubeka ithemba lakho kubo xa i-maelstrom igubha ngeenxa zonke. Nangona ixesha elidlulileyo alikho isiqinisekiso sesikhathi esizayo, kubonakala ngathi yinto efanelekileyo yokubheja ukuba iifemu ezithengisa izinto ezibalulekileyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla, njengeqela, ziya kuba nexesha elilula ukugcina ukwahlula kwabo izahlulo ngokuthelekiswa neenkampani ezinje, zithi, abo babandakanyekayo kwimveliso yemoto.
Iingcamango Zokuvala Ukutshala imali kwiiShishini
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho nto ibalulekileyo ngayo ishishini, imarike yesitokisi iyanyanzeliswa yinto yayo. Nangona utyalo-mali oludlulileyo lwexesha elide luyaguquka ngokuthethileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kwinqanaba elingabonakala lingaqinisekanga ukuba awuzange uphile ngalo.
Cinga enye yezolimo-mpu melelo kakhulu, lonke iBerkshire Hathaway, inkampani ebambe ibhiliyadeire uWarren Buffett . I-Vice-Chairman yeFirmity, uCharles Munger, wachaza ngodliwano-ndlebe ukuba akukho ngaphantsi kweesithathu kwimihla engamashumi amahlanu kunye neminyaka abagijimayo ishishini, bajonge ixabiso lemarike ecatshulwayo yamashishini abo eBerkshire Hathaway ewehla ngo-50% okanye ngaphezulu kweyona nto. emgodini. Nangona kunjalo, isitokisi ekugqibeleni saphelela ngokunyuka ukusuka kwi-$ 8 ngesabelo ngasinye xa uBuffett eqala ukwakha isikhundla sakhe kwi $ 216,200 ngesabelo ngasinye.
Kuthekani ukuba babolekele esitokisini sabo? Ngaphandle kokuba bengenayo imvelaphi yangaphandle yecandelo lokuthengiswa kwemali elingasetyenziselwa ukudibana nomnxeba we-marginal call, nayiphi na imeko kwezo zinto zintathu zingabangela ukuba baphoqelelwe ukuba bahlawule amavoti abo eBerkshire Hathaway ngexabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso elide elide elide, ekugqibeleni libiza bafumane inzuzo. Enyanisweni, omnye umnini-mali waseBerkshire (owathi wagcina waba kakhulu, ocebile kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki) wenza loo nto. Ukuziphatha kwebali kukuhlawula imali yemali yakho. Enyanisweni, unokuba ufuna ukuphepha nokuba ne-akhawunti ye-margin kwindawo yokuqala ukukhusela umngcipheko wokuvuselela ingozi ngaphezu kwengozi ye-call call .