Utyalo-mali lwaMazwe ngamazwe lube lula kunokuba ucinge
Lapha eUnited States, ngoku ngezinye iinkqubo bekubhekiselele ekujonge ngaphaya kwamagqabhagqabha angamaqabunga kwiimarike ezinkulu zezinye iindawo kunye nemimandla eYurophu ibe yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha abantu abaninzi kunye namaziko abulela ekubeni kukho ikhaya iinkampani eziphambili zehlabathi; amashishini avuze abanikazi abaneminyaka elishumi emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuxabisa okukhulu kunye neentengo, njenge-Unilever e-United Kingdom nase-Netherlands, eSanofi eFransi, eHenel eJamani kunye no-Nestlé eSwitzerland.
Kulabo abangaqhelani nokutyalomali-mali, ukukhupha umbuzo lo mbuzo: njani, ngokuchanekileyo, umntu utyalomali kwi-stock market yaseYurophu? Ukuncedisa ukubonelela ngokubanzi, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zabantu abangasondela kulo msebenzi, ndidibanisa uludwe lweendlela ezine eziphambili ezithatha umtyalo-mali kwaye, ukuba usebenza kunye nenkampani yokulawula i-asethi okanye ubuncwane beengcebiso. iqinile , umphathi wepottoliyo okanye umcebisi wezezimali , unokufikelela ekufezekiseni injongo yokufaka iintengo zangaphandle ukusuka kwi-Atlantic ukuya kwibhaskithi eyakhiwe kakuhle.
Indlela yokuqala ongayityala ngayo kwimarike ye-stock market yaseYurophu kukuthenga ama-stocks aseYurophu ngqo. Le ndlela iyona ehambileyo kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, mncinci uyazi ukuba abatyali-zimali baseMerika abanomnini-mvume wokuhlala ekhaya. Ngenxa yomzekeliso, makhe sicinge ukuba unqwenela ukufumana izabelo zeChocoladefabriken Lindt & Spruengli AG eSwitzerland.
ULindt, enye yeenkampani ze-ts'olethi ezinkulu zehlabathi, unomsebenzi omkhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye unayo yonke into esuka kwi-brandy yaseLindt ye-chocolate kwi-Girardelli, uRussell Stover kunye no-Whitman; onke amagama apho abaninzi baseMerika baqhelana nabo emva kokuphila kwangoko kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngoxa iLindt inesakhiwo sabelo sesibini sigaba, isisitoreji esiphezulu esinobanjiso lwezentlalo kwiSwitzerland Exchange, linamalungelo okuvota, kwaye yagqitywa ekugqibeleni kwi-CHF 67,150 ngesabelo ngasinye. Kwi-US dollar equals, loo nto i malunga neRandi 69,313 ngesabelo ngasinye kwizinga lokutshintshiselwa kwamanje.
Kule ngongoma, iinkcukacha malunga nendlela yokuhamba malunga nokuthengwa kwezabelo zeLindt ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwiqumrhu lokuthengisa elilisebenzisayo ukuqhuba iimveliso zakho. Kodwa ngenxa yobuninzi beentengiso zentengiso, ngokuqhelekileyo kuza kubandakanya ukubiza ideskiti yokuthengiswa kweebhanki kwi-fowuni ukwenzela ukuba umthengisi wangempela anokuhamba ngorhwebo. Baya kuthatha ukutshintsha iiRandi zase-US kwiiFrancis zeSwitzerland ukuze zihlawule, zihlawule ukusabalala, zize zixelele intlawulo yokugqibela yokusebenza kunye nekhomishini, edla ngokubandakanya ikhomishini eyongezelelweyo yomthengisi waseSwitzerland apho umthengisi wakho enobudlelwane .
Xa izabelo zivela kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi, ziya kuboniswa ngaphandle kwefayile yekiti (okanye, ubuncinci, iya kuba nephawu lokukhawuleza elingenakuthengiswa kwi-intanethi). Izabelo ziya kuboniswa ngokulinganayo kwi-US Dollar elinganayo, kungekhona ixabiso leSwitzerland elichanekileyo, elithetha ukuba liyakubonakala litshintshile ngokungaqhelekanga nangona bengayitshintshanga inani elicatshulweyo kwi-stock exchange yaseSwitzerland kuba umgcini-mgcini, onokuthi ube ngumthengisi wakho, ukuxelela ukuba isitokhi sinokubaluleka ntoni xa uthengisa isikhundla kwaye uguqula amaFransi aseSwiss ebuyela kwiidola zase-US.
Ngokulinganayo kubalulekile, nayiphi na izabelo ezifunyenwe kwiiFrancis zaseSwitzerland ziza kuguqulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiidola zase-US, inetha lokusasazeka kweenguqulelo zemali, kwaye zifakwe kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Iirhafu zangaphandle kurhulumente waseSwitzerland nazo ziya kugcinwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisilinganiso seepesenti ezingama-35 ngaphandle kokuba ungene kwiinkathazo zokufakela iisethi ezithile zamaphepha ebango lakho njengowommi waseMelika, phantsi kwesivumelwano somthetho phakathi kwe-United States kunye neSwitzerland, ukukhetha i-15% yeepesenti eziphantsi kweerhafu ezingenanto.
Qaphela ukuba kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umgcini wakho wokugcina unokukwazi ukubonisa ixabiso elicatshulwayo yamaSwiss eSwitzerland amaSwitzerland, kwaye akuvumele ukuba ubambe iimali ezininzi kwi-akhawunti yakho ukuze izabelo zifike kwiiFrancis zaseSwitzerland.
Enye indlela yokutshala imali kwii-stocks zaseYurophu kukuba ifuna ukutyalomla ubuncinane ubuninzi beedola ngemali yokuthengiswa kwee-commissions ezongeziweyo kunye neendleko zokuqonda. Uyakufuna kwakhona ukuqwalasela ukubeka phambili ukutshala imali-ntlawulo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweendleko zemali ukuguqula phakathi kwezikhundla ezibiza kakhulu.
Indlela yesibini onokuyifaka ngayo kwimarike ye-stock market yaseYurophu kukuthenga amasheya aseYurophu ngokufumana ama-risiti e-amashishini aseMerika. Enye indlela yokutshala imali kwimarike yemasheya yaseYurophu kukuthenga izitoko zangaphandle ngamaRecepipts aseMerika (ADRs). Nangona ndibhale malunga nala maxesha amaninzi kwixesha elidlulileyo, le ngcaciso emfutshane yiyo: i-ADR yasebhankini yesigxina, ngokuqhelekileyo isibonelelo seBhanki yaseNew York Mellon, iCitigroup, i-JPMorgan Chase, okanye iziko elifanayo lemali, kuthengwa ibhloko elikhulu kwisitoreli sangaphandle. Emva koko ibeka isitokhwe sangaphandle kwiincwadi kunye nemibandela yokhuseleko olumele ubunini balo, kunye nalawo mathupha okuthengiswa kwiimarike zasekhaya, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-Market-Over-the-Counter (i-OTC) yemarike ukuze abatyali-zimali ngabanye bathenge kwaye bathengise izabelo njengoko isitokisini sasekhaya-siya kwi-intanethi, faka isimboli sekhayibhile, ubuyekeze i-trade, kwaye uyifake kwi-broker yakho. Umahluko kukuba i-ADR ibhankithi yesitokethi iqokelela nayiphi na igalelo, iguqula kwiiDola zase-US, iwahambisa kubaphathi be-ADR, ize ihlawule iifizi ezincinci ze-ADR ngokutshintshela yonke imisebenzi eyenzayo.
Ukuqonda iimali ze-ADR kubalulekile. Funda le nkcazo ukuze ufunde oko ungalindela kwii- ADR kunye ne-Investment yakho yamazwe ngamazwe .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-ADR ibhankithi yesigxina iya kuthatha intsebenziswano yerhafu yelizwe langaphandle, ngokunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba ixabiso elingamanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-15 liya kuthathwa kwizabelo kunokuba ziphakame ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-35 kodwa ungeke uhlale uncike kuloo nto. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-ADR ixhaswa yinkampani yangaphandle, apho i-ADR iya kuba nebala ngakumbi kwaye ihambise iimfayili ezithile zokulawula ezingenako ukuba zingenise. Kwezinye iimeko, i-ADR ayixhaswa yinkampani kodwa, endaweni yoko, yenziwa ngenxa yokuba ibhanki yokugcina i-ADR yayicinga ukuba kukho imarike yokhuseleko kwaye ingavelisa imbuyekezo ngenzuzo yokunikela kwi-stock.
Inselele enye xa ijongene ne-ADRs kukuba ezininzi iingxelo zezimali azichazi ukuba ngaba zixela igalelo, kunye nesivuno sokwahlula , esekelwe kwisabelo semali esingaphambili sentela, njengoko kuyenziwa nge-securities yasekhaya, okanye kwi-net-of- igalelo lentela emva kwesabelo semali esinqunyiwe ngaphandle (kwaye ukuba okokugqibela, ngeliphi izinga). Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka wenze ezinye iinguqulelo ukuze ufikelele kwi-apple-to-apples comparison dividend. Enye ingeniso kukuba i-ADR iinkqubo zinokuguqulwa okanye zitshintshe ngendlela ongayilindelekanga okanye ungayithandi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inxalenye enhle ye-ADR kukuba ungaziqhathanisa kwaye uthathe i-stock yangaphandle kwisigxina xa uthetha ukuba unokwenza oko. Oku kungabandakanya ukuhlawula imali, nokuba zombini, umthengisi wakho kunye ne-ADR yasebhankini.
Umzekelo wehlabathi wangempela we-ADR ogqithwayo unokufunyanwa ngokukhangela uphawu lwe-ticker NSRGY. Ezi zi-ADR zikhutshwe yi-Citibank, efana ne-ADR yasebhankini ngokufaka ii-Nestle ezona zikhutshwe kwaye zithengisa eSwitzerland.
Indlela yesithathu onokuyifaka imali kwi-stock market yaseYurophu kukuthenga imali ekhethekileyo kunye ne-ETFs. Le ndlela yokutshala imali kwiimpahla ze-Yurophu iyincedo ngakumbi kubalimi abancinci ngaphandle kwenkunzi eninzi.
Ngokutyalomali kwiimali zenkxaso-mali okanye ngemali yokuthengiselana ngemali (ETFs) ezithintela iinqununu zabo kwiinkampani eziphambili, okanye ezenza ipesenti enkulu yezoshishino, kumazwe aseYurophu, unokufumana iindidi zoxhaphalo olubanzi kwixabiso elincinci kunokuba ungenakho uyakwazi ukufezekisa ngokuzama ukwenza izithuba ngqo. Umzekelo-kwaye uhlale ukhumbule ukuba le nto ayikho ityala lokutyalo-mali kodwa nje umzekeliso wemfundo ukufuna ukubonisa indlela ezinye zezi ziqinisekiso ezisebenza ngayo-jonga i-ticker tick VGK, eyiVanguard FTSE Europe ETF. Isakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo sizama ukulandelela ukusebenza kwe-FTSE ephuhlisiweyo Yurophu yonke i-Index Index, equka isitokisi seenkampani ezise-Austria, eBelgium, eDenmark, eFinland, eFransi, eJamani, eGrisi, eIreland, eItali, eNetherlands, eNorway, ePortugal. , ESpain, eSweden, eSwitzerland nase-United Kingdom. Ngeli xesha ndibhalela oku, i-10 yezona zinto zininzi ziyiNestlé, iRoyal Dutch Shell, i-Novartis, i-HSBC Holdings, i-Roche, i-Unilever, i-British American Tobacco, i-Total, BP ne-Bayer. Umlinganiselo weendleko ngowama-0.10 ekhulwini. Isivuno seenyanga ezili-12 si-2.72 pesenti.
Akuzona zonke iiperesi kunye ne-ukhilimu, nangona kunjalo. Utyalo-mali ngokusebenzisa isithuthi esikhoxisiweyo njengengxowa- mali , nokuba yenziwe njengengxowa-mali yemveli okanye i-fund exchange exchange, iza kunye nezihlahlo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlala unamaxabiso angenangqiqo ebonakalayo engenazo iphothifoliyo. Ngaphantsi kwesimo esincinci-sithuba, kukho uluhlu lweziganeko ezingakhokelela kuwe ukuhlawula irhafu eninzi kumvuzo womntu omnye ; iphuzu lobugcisa abaninzi abatyalo-mali abayiqondi nokuba kukho imali. Mhlawumbi ukuxinwa ngakumbi kukuba kufuneka uthathe okulungileyo kunye nokubi, kubandakanya ukujongana necandelo eliphantsi kunye ne-weighting ye-portfolio. Ngokomzekelo, i-Vanguard FTSE yaseYurophu ne-ETF ikhankanyiwe ngaphezu kweyodwa kwi-5h yeempahla zayo ezityalwe kwiifom zenkonzo zezimali. Leyo yintsikelelo enokubaluleka kwendawo enye yoqoqosho kwaye enye inokuthi ibe neyona mngcipheko omkhulu .
Indlela yesine onokumtyalo kwimarike ye-stock market yaseYurophu kukufumana ubunikazi kwiinkampani zasekhaya kunye neentengiso ezinkulu nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kukho ukutyekela kootyalo-mali, ingakumbi abo abatsha ukutshala imali kwiimpahla ezifanayo, ukudibanisa ngokungafanelekileyo inkampani kunye nelizwe elikulo. Kukho i-chunk efanelekileyo yamashishini apha apha e-United States apho incinci ibininzi, kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ininzi, yokuthengisa kunye nenzuzo ivela kumazwe-afana ne-Coca-Cola Inkampani, Procter & Gamble, uJohnson & Johnson, noFilipu Morris International bafika engqondweni ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, i-US iyasondela ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba apho kuthengiswa khona i-S & P 500 evela kwimisebenzi ngaphandle kwe-United States. Ngo-2016, i-Yurophu yabela iipesenti ezingaphezulu kwe-8 yengeniso ye-S & P 500, okanye i-$ 1 kuzo zonke i-$ 12.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokutyalomali kwiinkampani zasekhaya eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka , unako ukutshala imali eYurophu sele ungayifumani.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.